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Radiology > Anatomical Landmarks > Flashcards

Anatomical Landmarks Flashcards

1
Q

why is identification of anatomical landmarks necessary

A

aid in radiographic mounting
help interpret radiographs

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2
Q

radiographs 2D representation of a 3D object

A

shows no depth
superimposition
like a photograph

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3
Q

nasal cavity

A

appears radiolucent over max incisors

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4
Q

nasal septum

A

appears as radiopaque partition that divides nasal cavity

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5
Q

anterior nasal spine

A

v-shaped radiopaque projection

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6
Q

inferior orbital foramen

A

radiolucent
located 1 cm inferior to the infraorbital margin

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7
Q

zygomatic arch x-ray

A

radiopaque

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8
Q

TMJ Fossa/Glenoid Fossa x-ray

A

radiolucent
the socket

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9
Q

articular eminence

A

radiopaque
hump in the bone in front of where the condyle process sits

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10
Q

external auditory meatus

A

radiolucent
the ear hole

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11
Q

bony landmarks of the maxilla

A

paired maxillae meet at the midline of the face and form the floor of the orbit of the eye, sides and floor of the nasal cavities, hard palate

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12
Q

incisive foramen

A

an opening or hole in bone that is located at the midline of the anterior portion of the hard palate directly posterior to the maxillary central incisors
a small oval or round radiolucent area located between the roots of the maxillary central incisors
the nasopalatine nerve exits the maxilla through here
frequently the potential site of cyst formation

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13
Q

superior foramina of the incisive canal

A

two tiny openings or holes in bone of the nasal cavity that are located on the floor of the nasal cavity
join to form the incisive canal
two small round radiolucency located superior to the apices of the maxillary central incisors

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14
Q

median palatal suture

A

immovable joint between the two palatine process of the maxilla
thin radiolucent line between the maxillary central incisors
extends from alveolar bone between max central incisors to post hard palate

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15
Q

lateral fossa

A

also known as canine fossa
smooth, depressed area of the maxilla located just inferior and medial to the infraorbital foramen between the canine and lateral incisors
a radiolucent area between the maxillary canine and lateral incisors
appearance varies depending on anatomy

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16
Q

radiographic features of nose

A

soft tissue in projections of the maxillary central and lateral incisors
image appears uniformly radiopaque with a sharp border

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17
Q

floor of the nasal cavity

A

a bony wall formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bone
dense cortical bone and defining the inferior border of the nasal cavity
a dense radiopaque band above max incisors

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18
Q

nasal cavity

A

a pear-shaped compartment of bone located superior to the maxilla
inferior portion is formed by the palatal processes of the maxilla and the horizontal portions of the palatine bones
lateral walls formed by ethmoid bone and max
divided by nasal septum
a large radiolucent area above the maxillary incisors

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19
Q

nasal septum

A

a vertical bony wall that divides the nasal cavity into the right and left nasal fossae
formed by the vomer and a portion of the ethmoid bone and cartilage
a vertical radiopaque partition

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20
Q

anterior nasal spine

A

a sharp projection located at the anterior and inferior portion of the nasal cavity
a V-shaped radiopaque area located at the intersection of the floor of the nasal cavity and the nasal septum

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21
Q

inferior nasal conchae

A

wafer-thin, curved plates of bone that extend from the lateral walls of the nasal cavity
a diffuse radiopaque mass or projection within the nasal cavity
shell-shaped

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22
Q

maxillary incisor features

A

incisive foramen
outline of nose
lateral fossa
nasal fossa
nasal septum
border of the nasal fossa
anterior nasal spine
median palatine suture

23
Q

inverted Y

A

intersection of the maxillary sinus and the nasal cavity
radiopaque upside-down Y formed by the intersection of the lateral wall of the nasal fossa and the anterior border of the maxillary sinus
located above the maxillary canine
cortical bone

24
Q

maxillary canine anatomical features

A

lateral fossa
nasal fossa
inverted Y landmark
maxillary sinus
superimposition of the mesial surface of the first premolar and the distal of the canine

25
Q

maxillary sinus

A

air containing cavity lined by mucous membrane
paired cavities or compartments of bone located within the maxilla
located above the maxillary premolar and molar teeth

26
Q

radiographic features of maxillary sinus

A

a radiolucent area located above the apices of the maxillary premolars and molars
floor of the sinus is composed of dense cortical bone appears as a radiopaque line

27
Q

septa within the maxillary sinus

A

bony walls or partitions that divide the maxillary sinus into compartments
radiopaque lines within the maxillary sinus
presence and number vary depending on the anatomy of the individual

28
Q

nutrient canals within the maxillary sinus

A

tiny, tube-like passageways through bone that contain blood vessels and nerves
a narrow radiolucent band bounded by two thin radiopaque lines
supply the max teeth and interdental areas

29
Q

maxillary tuberosity

A

a rounded prominence of bone that extends posterior to the third molar region
a radiopaque bulge distal to the third molar region
blood vessels and nerves supply the post teeth

30
Q

hamulus

A

a small hook-like projection of bone extending from the medial pterygoid plate of the sphenoid bone
a radiopaque hook-like projection posterior to the maxillary tuberosity area

31
Q

zygomatic process of the maxila

A

a bony projection of the maxilla that articulates with the zygoma or malar (cheek) bone
a J or U shaped radiopacity located superior to the maxillary first molar region
dense cortical bone

32
Q

zygoma

A

articulates with the zygomatic process of the maxilla
a diffuse, radiopaque band extending posteriorly from the zygomatic process of the maxilla
dense cortical bone

33
Q

maxillary premolar anatomical features

A

border of maxillary sinus
maxillary sinus
zygomatic process of the maxilla
septum in maxillary sinus
zygoma
zygomatic arch

34
Q

maxillary molar image 1

A

border of maxillary sinus
maxillary sinus
zygomatic process of the maxillary
septum in maxillary sinus
zygoma
border of zygomatic arch

35
Q

maxillary molar image 2

A

maxillary sinus
maxillary tuberosity
coronoid process of the mandible
lateral pterygoid plate
hamulus
landmarks are superimposed over each other

36
Q

maxillary molar image 3

A

border of maxillary sinus
maxillary sinus
zygomatic process of the maxilla
zygoma
lateral pterygoid plate
border of zygomatic arch
maxillary tuberosity
coronoid process of the mandible

37
Q

bony landmarks of the mandible sections

A

ramus
body
angle
alveolar process
sigmoid or coronoid notch
condyle articulates with the glenoid fossa of the temporal bone
mental foramen is a radiolucent opening for blood and nerves
external oblique ridge is a radiopaque band extending downward from ramus
lower border of the mandible

38
Q

bony landmarks of the mandible

A

genial tubercles, lingual foramen, nutrient canals, mental ridge, mental fossa, mental foramen, mylohyoid ridge, mandibular canal, internal oblique ridge, external oblique ridge, submandibular fossa, coronoid process

39
Q

genial tubercles

A

tiny bumps of bone on the lingual aspect of the mandible
attachment sites for genioglossus and geniohyoid muscles
a ring-shaped radiopacity below the apices of the mandibular central incisors

40
Q

lingual foramen

A

a tiny opening or hole in bone located on the internal surface of the mandible near the midline
surrounded by genial tubercles
a small radiolucent dot inferior to the apices of the mandibular central incisors

41
Q

nutrient canals

A

tube-like passageways through bone containing nerves and blood vessels that supply the teeth
most often seen in anterior mandible
vertical radiolucent lines readily seen in areas of thin bone

42
Q

mental ridge

A

a linear prominence of cortical bone located on the external surface of the anterior portion of the mandible
a thick radiopaque band that extends from the premolar region to the incisor region and slopes slightly upward
often appears superimposed over the mandibular anterior teeth

43
Q

mental fossa

A

a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the external surface of the anterior mandible
a radiolucent area above the mental ridge in mandibular incisor region

44
Q

mandibular incisor image features

A

mental ridge
nutrient canal
nutrient foramen
genial tubercles surrounding
lingual foramen
inferior border of the mandible

45
Q

mental foramen

A

an opening or hole in bone located on the external surface of the mandible in the region of the mandibular premolars
a small ovoid or round radiolucent area located in the apical region of the mandibular premolars
frequently misdiagnosed as a periapical lesion

46
Q

mandibular premolar image features

A

torus
oblique ridge
mylohyoid ridge
submandibular fossa
mandibular canal
mental foramen

47
Q

mandibular canal/inferior alveolar nerve canal

A

a tube-like passageway through bone that travels the length of the mandible
houses the inferior alveolar nerve and blood vessels
a radiolucent band outline by two thin radiopaque lines that represent the cortical walls of the canal
extends from the mandibular foramen to the mental foramen

48
Q

external oblique ridge

A

a linear prominence of bone located on the external surface of the body of the mandible
runs parallel with the mylohyoid ridge
a radiopaque band extending downward and forward from the anterior border of the ramus of the mandible
typically ends in mand third molar region

49
Q

mylohyoid ridge and internal oblique ridge

A

located interior surface of the mandible
stops at the 3rd molar or continue as mylohyoid ridge
internal oblique ridge appears as the inferior radiopaque band extending down the ramus
superior radiopaque band is the external oblique ridge

50
Q

anterior border of the ramus

A

extends vertically downward from the coronoid process to the external oblique ridge
radiopaque vertical band posterior to the maxillary and mandibular molars

51
Q

submandibular fossa

A

a scooped-out, depressed area of bone located on the internal surface of the mandible inferior to the mylohyoid ridge
a radiolucent area in the molar region below the mylohyoid ridge
submandibular salivary gland

52
Q

coronoid process

A

a marked prominence of bone on the anterior ramus of the mandible
a triangular radiopacity superimposed over, or inferior to, the maxillary tuberosity region
not seen in a mandibular image only max molar view
attachment site for muscle of mastication

53
Q

mandibular molar image features

A

oblique ridges
mylohyoid ridge
mandibular canal
mandibular fossa

54
Q

mandible tori

A

appear as radiopaque bony areas

Radiology (16 decks)

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