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Locomotor System > Anatomical Planes > Flashcards

Anatomical Planes Flashcards

(62 cards)

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1
Q

Cranial

A

Towards (in the direction) the head of the animal

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2
Q

Caudal

A

Towards (in the direction) the rear of the animal. Towards the tail

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3
Q

Dorsal

A

Towards the back

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4
Q

Ventral

A

towards the belly

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5
Q

Rostral

A
  • Towards the nose
  • Restricts to describing aspects of the head
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6
Q

Median Plane

A

divides body longitudinally into 2 halves

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7
Q

Sagittal (or paramedian) Planes

A

planes that run parallel to the median plane

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8
Q

Transverse Planes

A

transect the trunk, head, limb or other appendage perpendicular to its own long axis

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9
Q

Dorsal (Horizontal) Planes

A

section the trunk or other part from dorsal to ventral

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10
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the median plane (example: medial aspect of shoulder)

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11
Q

Lateral

A

Away from the median plane (towards the outside) - (ex: lateral aspect of the shoulder)

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12
Q

Profundus

A

Deep, or further away from the surface

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13
Q

Superficial

A

on, or more toward, the surface

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14
Q

Dexter

A

Right

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15
Q

Sinister

A

Left

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16
Q

Longus

A

Long (often used to describe muscles)

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17
Q

Brevis

A

Short (often used to describe muscles)

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18
Q

Proximal

A

DESCRIBING LIMBS- towards the trunk (body)

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19
Q

Distal

A

DESCRIBING LIMBS- Further removed from the trunk

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20
Q

The Manus

A

(Forefoot)–> carpus, metacarpals, and phalanges

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21
Q

The Pes

A

(Hindfoot) –> tarsus, metatarsals, and phalanges

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22
Q

Palmar

A

Reference to the MANUS (forefoot): towards the sole

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23
Q

Dorsal (Manus and Pes)

A

Towards the upper surface of the foot (forefoot and hindfoot)

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24
Q

Plantar

A

Towards the sole on the HINDFOOT (the Pes)

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25
Proximal to the carpus and tarsus
Use the terms **cranial** and **caudal** rather than dorsal and palmar/plantar
26
Axial
**WHEN DESCRIBING LIMBS:** closer to the central axis of the limb axis: center line of the *limb*
27
Abaxial
**WHEN DESCRIBING LIMBS:** away from the central axis **NOTE:** axis of the limb lies between the 3rd and 4th digits
28
Process (Bone projection)
general term for a prominence
29
Tuberosity
large roughened projection
30
Tubercle
a smaller projection
31
Trochanter
term applied to a few prominences, eg of the femur
32
Spine or Spinous Process
* A pointed projection * **ONLY** referring to the spine
33
Articular Surface (bone)
* any **surface** of a skeletal formation (bone, cartilage) that makes normal direct contact with another skeletal structure as part of a synovial joint; bonyarticular surfaces are usually covered with articular cartilage. * interaction between bones
34
Crest (Crista)
A sharp ridge
35
Line (Linea)
a very small ridge
36
Head (Caput)
rounded articular enlargement at the end of a bone; may be joined to the shaft by a constricted part, the neck (Collum)
37
Condyle
a cylindrical articular eminence
38
Epicondyle
a non-articular eminence in connection with a condyle
39
Trochlea
a pulley-like articular mass eg. the groove on the femur in which the patella (kneecap) moves
40
Glenoid Cavity
a shallow articular depression eg. the articular surface of the scapula
41
Acetabulum
a deeper one eg. the articular surface of the hip
42
Facet
Applied to articular surfaces of small extent
43
Various Depressions (Bone)
Fossa, fovea, groove, sulcus, impression, incisura **Fossa :** depression in pelvis for example
44
Foramen
a perforation for the transmission of blood vessels & nerves
45
Sinus
an air-cavity within a bone or bones
46
Canal, Fissure, Notch
self explanatory canal --\> open, shallow, area
47
Muscle name describing function
– **Its function** eg M. extensor digitorum communis - extends all the digits M. = musculatis
48
Muscle name describing its position
– **Its position** eg Mm. supraspinatus and infraspinatus lie, respectively, above and below the spine of the scapula **Mm.** = group of muscles
49
Muscle name describing its shape
**Its shape** eg Mm. biceps, triceps and quadriceps have, respectively, 2, 3 and 4 heads
50
Flexors
reduce the angle of a joint on contraction
51
Extensors
increase the angle of a joint on contraction
52
Adductors
**(ADD)** bring a body part closer to the median plane
53
Abductors
Bring a body part away from the median plane
54
Pronators
forwards-inwards rotation
55
Supinators
Backwards-Outwards rotation
56
Levators, Depressors, Tensors
Self-explanatory
57
Origin of Muscle
- the proximal end of the muscle, or that which lies nearer the centre of axis of the body
58
Insertion of muscle
the distal end of the muscle **NOTE:** Most muscles have _tendinous_ origins and insertions
59
Aponeurosis
* a sheet of pearly white fibrous tissue which takes the place of a tendon in sheet-like muscles having a wide area of attachment. * A few muscles are attached by an aponeurosis, eg., the m. latissimus dorsi
60
Radiographs
• When looking at a radiograph, the view is described relative to the direction of penetration by the x-ray: from the point of entry to the point of exit before striking the x-ray film.
61
Contrasted X-Ray
Pass media through bloodstream to view on radiograph, see certain systems
62
Computed Tomography
See different areas in different densities

Locomotor System (13 decks)

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