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Biopsych year 2 > Anatomical references > Flashcards

Anatomical references Flashcards

(51 cards)

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1
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is ANTERIOR

A

Pointing to the NOSE

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2
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is DORSAL

A

Pointing upwards

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3
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is POSTERIOR

A

Pointing to TAIL END

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4
Q

In CEREBRAL terms where is VENTRAL

A

Pointing DOWNWARDS towards toes

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5
Q

In CNS terms where is ANTERIOR

A

Pointing upwatds

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6
Q

In CNS terms where is POSTERIOR

A

Pointing towards TOES

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7
Q

In CNS terms where is DORSAL

A

Pointing towards tail end

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8
Q

In CNS terms where is VENTRAL

A

Pointing towards NOSE

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9
Q

Which is MEDIAL

A

Closer towards spine

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10
Q

Which is LATERAL

A

Further away from spine

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11
Q

ipislateral is

A

Same sided

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12
Q

Bilateral is

A

Both sided

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13
Q

Contralateral is

A

Opposite sided

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14
Q

ANATOMICAL PLANE OF REFERENCE: Midsigittal

A

Equal left & right halves. Through all the brain left to right

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15
Q

ANATOMICAL PLANE OF REFERENCE: Coronal

A

From Dorsal to Ventral (top to bottom) downwards through middle

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16
Q

ANATOMICAL PLANE OF REFERENCE: Transverse

A

Anterior to Posterior through middle

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17
Q

CNS consists of

A

brain and spinal cord

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18
Q

Peripheral NS consists of

A

motor & sensory nerves

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19
Q

Somatic NS (PNS)
What?
a) Efferent nerves?
b) afferent nerves?

A

carries info to and from CNS

a) exits CNS i.e. carries motor signals from CNS to skeletal muscle
b) approaches CNS i.e. carries sensory info to spinal cord

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20
Q

Cranial nerves

A

nerves which emerge from the brainand relay info to other parts of the body

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21
Q

Autonomic NS

Study These Flashcards
A

parasympathetic nerves: Relaxation

sympathetic nerves: mobilise energy

22
Q

three types of neuron

Study These Flashcards
A

Bipolar
Unipolar
Multipolar

23
Q

Neuroanatomical struture & neurons

a) clusters of cells are called what in CNS & PNS
b) bundles of axons “

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A

a) CNS: nuclei, PNS: Ganglia

b) CNS: tract, PNS: nerves

24
Q

four main protections from injury & infection in the CNS

Study These Flashcards
A

Blood brain barrier
bone
Meninges
Cerebrospinal fluid

25
Meninges a) what b) order
a) protective layers between skull & CNS | b) skull - dura matter - arachnoid membrane - subarachnoid space - pia matter - brain
26
Cerebrospinal fluid
- ventricular system - runs along brain - "bladders"; canals in CNS (ventricles) which the CSF is produced and distributed
27
5 major fully developed brain divisions
1) telencephalon 2) Diencephalon 3) mesencephalon 4) metencephalon 5) myelencephalon (6) spinal cord)
28
spinal cord a) what b) routes
a) carries messages between brain and body | b) dorsal route: carries info to the spinal cord & ventral route: carries info away from spinal cord
29
Myelencephalon
aka medulla back of brain; tracts connect brain with the rest of the body Also has reticular formation tracts
30
Reticular formation
``` set of interconnected nuclei that are located throughout the brainstem sleep arousal attention movement ```
31
metencephalon
reticular formation tracts 2 major divisions... Pons (relay system from brain to cerebellum & medulla) Cerebellum (sensorimotor, cog function)
32
Mesencephalon
2 divisions a) tagmentum: reward, motor function, rectucualr formation & grey matter b) tectum: visual & auditory info
33
tegmentum
red nucleus periaqueductual gray reticular formation substantia nigra
34
tectum
superior (visual) & inferior (auditory) colliculi
35
Diencephalon
Hypothalamus Epithalamus Thalamus
36
telencephelon
outer layer of brain i.e. parietal, temporal, occipital & frontal lobe
37
Deeper grooves in cortex
fissures
38
smaller grooves in cortex
Sulcus
39
fat bits in cortex
gyrus
40
another way of naming brain areas
by the info they receive
41
primary areas
first ones to receive the info, ie info from outside the cortex
42
secondary areas
receive projections from primary areas | interpretation of sensory info & organisation of motor movement
43
tertiary area
coordination & connection of secondary areas
44
Limbic system (6)
1) hippocampus 2) cingulate gyrus 3) mammilary bodies 4) amygdala 5) fornix 6) septum
45
what is the limbic system's main role
``` regulation of the four f's 1)feeding 2)fucking 3)fleeing 4)fighting ~~motivated behaviour ```
46
What is the role of the basal ganglia
regulation of voluntary movement
47
basal ganglia (4)
1) caudate nucleus 2) putamen 3) globus pallidus 4) nucleus accumbens
48
CT scan
- structural imaging - X rays sent at different angles around the skull - Use: tumors, structural problems & internal bleeding
49
MRI
- structural imaging - magnetic field applied to hydrogen atoms to make them face the same way - when the magnet stopped = relaxation - the time it takes for the atoms to go back to normal identifies the density of the tissue a) low density: light b) high density: dark
50
PET (positron emission technology)
- functional imaging - inject patient with substance - the substance goes around the whole body & mainly to areas with high energy demand - the substance then breaks down & positive electrons are then emitted - these positive electrons are then picked up by the machine - the picture then shows the location of the tracer
51
fMRI
- uses oxygen flow to active areas of the brain & the magnetic properties of the iron in the blood - oxygenated blood accumulates in the areas in use - BOLD signal created

Biopsych year 2 (9 decks)

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