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BIOL214 > Anatomical Terminology & Microscopes > Flashcards

Anatomical Terminology & Microscopes Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

Focus on the structure of the body

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Focuses on the function of the body structure

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3
Q

Anatomical position

A

Describes an individual standing upright with legs slightly apart and palms facing forward

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4
Q

Proximal

A

Closer to reference point

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5
Q

Distal

A

Farther from reference point

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6
Q

Superior (cranial)

A

Close to head

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7
Q

Inferior (caudal)

A

Farther away from head

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8
Q

Medial

A

Close to midline

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9
Q

Lateral

A

Away from midline

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10
Q

Anterior (ventral)

A

Front side

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11
Q

Posterior (dorsal)

A

Back side

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12
Q

Deep

A

Further within the body

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13
Q

Superficial

A

More surface-level

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14
Q

Frontal (coronal) plane

A

Divides the body into anterior and posterior parts

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15
Q

Sagittal plane

A

Divides the body into left and right sides

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16
Q

Transverse

A

Divides the body into superior and inferior parts

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17
Q

Cephalic region

A

Head

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18
Q

What structures are in the right hypochondriac abdominal region? Where is this region?

A
  • Liver, large intestine, gall bladder
  • top right corner when in anatomical position
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19
Q

What structures are in the right lumbar abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • Ascending colon
  • middle region on the right side in anatomical position
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20
Q

What structures are in the right iliac abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • cecum, appendix
  • bottom right when in anatomical position
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21
Q

What structures are in the epigastric abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • liver, large intestine, stomach
  • top middle region when in anatomical position
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22
Q

What structures are in the umbilical abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • small intestine
  • direct middle region when in anatomical position
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23
Q

What structures are in the hypogastric abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • small intestine, bladder
  • bottom middle region when in anatomical position
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24
Q

What structures are in the left hypochondriac abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • stomach, spleen, large intestine
  • top left corner when in anatomical position
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25
Q

What structures are located in the left lumbar abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • descending colon
  • middle left when in anatomical position
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26
Q

What structures are in the left iliac abdominal region? Where is this region located?

A
  • sigmoid colon
  • bottom left corner when in anatomical position
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27
Q

What structures are within the thoracic cavity?

A

2 pleural cavities, mediastinum, pericardial cavity

28
Q

What makes up the two pleural cavities?

A

The lungs

29
Q

What structures make up the mediastinum?

A

Esophagus, trachea, thymus

30
Q

What structure makes up the pericardial cavity?

A

Heart

31
Q

What smaller cavities make up the abdominopelvic cavity?

A

Abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

32
Q

What organs are located in the abdominal cavity?

A

Digestive, urinary, and lymphatic organs

33
Q

What organs are located in the pelvic cavity?

A

Reproductive organs

34
Q

What is the main type of membrane layer?

A

Serous membrane

35
Q

What does the serous membrane do?

A

Secretes fluid

36
Q

What two types of membranes make up serous membranes?

A

Visceral, parietal

37
Q

Where does the visceral membrane layer lie ?

A

Against the organ

38
Q

Where does the parietal membrane layer lie?

A

Against the interior wall of the body

39
Q

List the levels of organization in order from smallest to largest.

A

Atomic, molecular, cellular, tissue, organ, organ system (systemic), organism

NOTE: some courses combine atomic and molecular levels of organization as the “chemical level”

40
Q

List the 11 organ systems of the body.

A
  1. Muscular
  2. Skeletal
  3. Nervous
  4. Endocrine
  5. Cardiovascular
  6. Integumentary
  7. Lymphatic
  8. Respiratory
  9. Digestive
  10. Urinary
  11. Reproductive
41
Q

Functions of the muscular system

A
  • moves bones via contraction of muscle cells
  • maintain homeostasis by generating body heat
  • protects soft internal organs from blunt impact
42
Q

Major organs of muscular system

A

Skeletal muscles, tendons, aponeuroses

43
Q

Functions of skeletal system

A
  • supporting framework for the body
  • protects delicate internal organs
  • reservoir for minerals (calcium)
44
Q

Major organs of the skeletal system

A

Bones, cartilage, ligaments, joints

45
Q

Functions of the nervous system

A
  • information processing and transmission
  • detects internal and external stimuli and allows for rapid responses to potential threats for homeostasis
46
Q

Major organs of the nervous system

A

Brain, spinal cord, peripheral nervous, sensory receptors

47
Q

Functions of the endocrine system

A
  • regulates slow/cyclic processes
  • sets the basal metabolic rate of the body
  • maintains homeostasis
48
Q

Major organs of the endocrine system

A

Pituitary gland, pineal gland, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal, pancreas, testes and ovaries

49
Q

Functions of the cardiovascular system

A
  • transport nutrients to cells
  • transport waste products away from tissues
  • transport regulatory substances (hormones)
  • distribute heat
50
Q

Major organs of the cardiovascular system

A

Heart, blood vessels, blood

51
Q

Functions of the integumentary system

A
  • protects internal organs from mechanical, chemical, UV, and bacterial damage
  • detect environmental stimuli
  • excrete salts and water
  • produce vitamin D
52
Q

Major organs of the integumentary system

A

Skin, hair, fingernails, cutaneous sensory receptors

53
Q

Functions of lymphatic system

A
  • detect and destroy foreign cells
  • detect and destroy mutant cells
  • cleanse the tissue fluids of pathogens and cellular debris
  • produce antibodies
54
Q

Major organs of the lymphatic system

A

Lymph nodes, lymphatic vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils

55
Q

Functions of the respiratory system

A
  • obtain oxygen from atmosphere
  • release carbon dioxide into atmosphere
  • maintain pH balance of the blood via the carbon dioxide-carbonic acid-bicarbonate buffer system
56
Q

Major organs of the respiratory system

A

Nasal passages, pharynx, larynx, trachea, lungs

57
Q

Functions of the digestive system

A
  • obtain nutrients from raw materials
  • excreting unused ingested materials
58
Q

Major organs of the digestive system

A

Oral cavity, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, liver, pancreas

59
Q

Functions of the urinary system

A
  • filter blood to remove nitrogen wastes
  • regulate blood pressure
  • maintain electrolyte and pH balance
60
Q

Major organs of urinary system

A

Kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, urethra

61
Q

Functions of reproductive system in males

A
  • produce and deliver sperm to female
62
Q

Major organs of male reproductive system

A

Penis, testes, scrotum

63
Q

Functions of female reproductive system

A
  • produce ovum
  • receive sperm
  • protect, nourish, and deliver baby
64
Q

Major organs of female reproductive system

A

Vagina, uterus, ovaries, breasts (mammary glands)

65
Q

What is resolution?

A

The amount of magnification required to distinguish two entities as two distinct points as opposed to one point

66
Q

What is the field of view?

A

The area you can see when you look through a microscope

BIOL214 (2 decks)

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