Anatomical Terms

Question 1

Arthrology

Answer 1

The study of joints

Question 2

How many bones in an adult skeleton

Answer 2

206

Question 3

Axial Skeleton

Answer 3

All 80 bones that lie in or near the central axis of the body; includes the skull, vertebral column, ribs, and sternum

Question 4

Appendicular Skeleton

Answer 4

Consists of all bones of the upper and lower limbs (extremities) and the shoulder and pelvis girdles. 126 bones total

Question 5

Sesamoid Bones

Answer 5

Small, oval shaped bones found in tendons (mostly near joints) that are present even in developing fetus and are not counted as part of the normal Skeleton

Question 6

What are the largest Sesamoid Bones?

Answer 6

The two patellae

Question 7

Other most common sesamoid bones location

Answer 7

1. In the posterior foot at the base of the first toe

2. In the upper limb, commonly found in tendons near the palmar surface of the hand at the base of the fingers

Question 8

4 Classifications of Bones

Answer 8

1. Long Bones
2. Short Bones
3. Flat Bones
4. Irregular Bones

Question 9

Long Bones

Answer 9

Consist of a body and two ends or extremities. Found in the appendicular Skeleton

Question 10

Short Bones

Answer 10

Roughly cuboidal and are only found in the wrists and ankles.

Question 11

Short Bones consist mainly of

Answer 11

Cancellous tissue with a thin outer covering of compact bone

Question 12

Example of Short Bones

Answer 12

The eight carpal bones of each wrist and the several tarsal bones of each foot

Question 13

Flat Bones

Answer 13

Consist of 2 plates of compact bone with cancellous bone and marrow between them

Question 14

Examples of Flat Bones

Answer 14

Scapulae, Ribs, Sternum, and Skull Cap (calavarium)

Question 15

Flat Bones provide…

Answer 15

Protection for interior contents and broad surfaces for muscle attachment

Question 16

Diploe

Answer 16

The narrow space between the inner and outer table of flat bones in the cranium

Question 17

Irregular Bones

Answer 17

Bones that have peculiar shapes

Question 18

Examples of Irregular Bones

Answer 18

Vertebrae, facial bones, bones of the base of the cranium, and bones of the pelvis

Question 19

Blood Cell Production

Answer 19

Red Blood Cells are produced by red bone marrow of certain flat and irregular bones such as the sternum, ribs, vertebrae, and pelvis

Question 20

Articulations (Joint) Types: Structural

Answer 20

1. Fibrous (sheet like, no joint cavity seen)
2. Cartilagenous (no joint cavity here)
3. Synovial (have a joint cavity surrounded by ligaments and lined by a synovial membrane)

Question 21

Articulations (Joint) Types: Functional

Answer 21

1. Synarthrosis (immovable)
2. Amphiarthrosis (slightly moveable)
3. Diarthrosis (freely moveable)

Question 22

Suture

Answer 22

Found between flat Bones of the Skull

Question 23

Gomphosis

Answer 23

Aided by collagen, holds a tooth in its socket

Question 24

Synchondrosis

Answer 24

The epiphyseal plate is an example

Question 25

Synostosis

Answer 25

A bony connection between the frontal bones

Question 26

Syndesmosis (Amphiarthrosis)

Answer 26

A ligementous, sheet like fibrous joint. Example is found between the tibia and the fibula

Question 27

Types of Diarthroses/Synovial Joints

Answer 27

1. Gliding 2. Hinge 3. Pivot 4. Ellipsoidal or condyloid 5. Saddle 6. Ball and Socket

Question 28

Gliding

Answer 28

Articulation between bones makes a straight line; glides only in one axis

Question 29

Hinge

Answer 29

The articulation of the ulna and trochlea of the humerus; flexion and extension only

Question 30

Pivot

Answer 30

Radius rotates or pivots in the radial notch of the ulna; allow for rotation along single axis

Question 31

Ellipsodial or condyloid

Answer 31

Articulations have rounded or cupped surfaces

Question 32

Saddle

Answer 32

Literally a saddle is made by the trapezium as it articulated with the first metacarpal of the thumb; allows movement along 2 axes

Question 33

Ball and Socket

Answer 33

Can do 3 movements - flexion-extension, abbduction-abduction, and rotation