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3 - RDA > Anatomy 1 > Flashcards

Anatomy 1 Flashcards

1
Q

What are the functions of the reproductive system?

A

To produce gametes: ova/spermatozoa
To produce the sex steroids
To provide the means for the sperm and egg to meet.

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2
Q

Pelvic girdle

A

2 hip bones and sacrum

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3
Q

Perineum

A

Region below the pelvic floor/diaphragm

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4
Q

LMP

A

Last menstrual period

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5
Q

What is an embryo?

A

Up to 8 weeks after fertilisation

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6
Q

What do we call the fertilisation after 9 weeks?

A

Fetus: 9 week of gestation to birth

After birth - becomes the infant

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7
Q

What is the roof of the perineum?

A

Pelvic floor

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8
Q

What makes up the perineum?

A

Two triangles (diamond shaped)
Anterior triangle - urogenital
Posterior triangle - anal

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9
Q

Name the two major muscles making up the pelvic floor.

A

Levator ani

Coccygeus

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10
Q

What muscles make up the levator ani muscle?

A

Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

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11
Q

Name the tracts of the male system.

A 
Testis
Epididymis 
Ductus deferens 
Urethra
Ejaculatory ducts
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12
Q

What is the function of the urethra?

A

Dual function: passage of urine and semen

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13
Q

Name the male accessory sex glands.

A

Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland

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14
Q

What are the functions of the male accessory glands?

A

Produce fluid to support sperm and semen
Majority of fluid comes from seminal vesicles
30% from prostate

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15
Q

What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

A

Secretes fluid to neutralise the acidity of the urethra (allow for sperm survival)

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16
Q

What does testicular descent follow?

A

Gubernaculum

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17
Q

Cryptorchid

A

Undescended testis - failure to descend to scrotum

Cyrptorchidism (hidden)

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18
Q

Name of surgically bringing the testes down to the scrotum.

A

Orchidopexy

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19
Q

What risks are associated with undescended testes?

A

Malignancy and infertility

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20
Q

Why are the testes outside the body?

A

Spermatogenesis occurs at a colder temperature than the core body temperature

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21
Q

Why are the testes outside the body?

A

Spermatogenesis occurs at a colder temperature than the core body temperature

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22
Q

Where does spermatogenesis (manufacture of sperm)?

A

Seminiferous tubules

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23
Q

What muscle divides the scrotal sac into two parts?

A

Dartos muscle

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24
Q

What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

A

Helps move the testes down when hot or closer to the groin when cold

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25
Q

What is the epididymis and its function?

A

Comma shaped coil of tube

Function - sperm maturation

26
Q

What part of fascia of man is extension of abdominal wall?

A

Internal spermatic fascia
Cremaster muscle
External spermatic fascia

27
Q

Name the coverings of the testicles.

A

Testicular covering - tunica albuginea, tunica vaginalis (peritoneum), internal spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle, external spermatic fascia.

28
Q

What is the presentation of testicular torsion?

A

Sudden onset of hemiscrotal pain –> swelling –> nausea/vomiting
Lack of fever/urinary symptoms

29
Q

What would be found on physical examination of testicular torsion?

A

Tender, firm testis
High-riding
Horizontal lie
Absent cremaster reflex

30
Q

How do we examine for testicular torsion?

A

Doppler Exam

If present - have to operate within 6 hours

31
Q

What are the contents of the scrotum?

A

Two spermatic cords

Two testes

32
Q

How long does spermatogenesis take and where does it occur?

A

64-70 days

In seminiferous tubules

33
Q

When does spermatogenesis begin?

A

At puberty

34
Q

Where does the sperm mature and where are they stored once mature?

A

Matures in the epididymis

Stored in the ampulla of the ductus deferens

35
Q

Name the three parts of the male urethra.

A

Prostatic (widest)
Membranous
Spongy

36
Q

Name the channels of the penis and their functions.

A

2 corpus cavernous - erectile tissue

1 corpus spongiosum - transmits penile urethra

37
Q

Name the different parts of the penis.

A

Bulb
Body
Glans

38
Q

Name the two potential spaces of the female.

A

Rectouterine pouch

Vesicouterine pouch

39
Q

What is the peritoneum on either side of the uterus called?

A

Broad ligament

40
Q

Name the parts of the uterus.

A

Fundus
Body
Mouth

41
Q

Name the parts of the Fallopian tube.

A

Infundibulum
Ampulla (dilated part = fertilisation)
Isthmus (narrowest part)

42
Q

What is the function of the Fallopian tube?

A

Transports ovum to uterus

Is site of fertilisation (ampulla)

43
Q

What is the Uterine Tube composed of?

A

Fallopian tube
Oviduct
Salpinx

44
Q

What is the Uterine Tube structure?

A

Smooth muscle - outer longitudinal, inner circular

Ciliated epithelium - ciliated, non-ciliated secretory

45
Q

What are the functions of the uterus?

A

Site of implantation of fertilised egg
Provides a protected site for the embryo and foetus to develop
Contributes to the expulsion of the baby at birth

46
Q

Describe the wall of the uterus.

A

Endometrium - columnar epithelium
Myometrium - smooth muscle
Perimetrium - outer serous layer

47
Q

Why can females get PID and males cannot?

A

Peritoneum cavity in females has an opening (os) whereas males do not
This is why females can get PID

48
Q

What position is the uterus normally in?

A

Anteverted and Anteflexed

49
Q

What is the function of the ovary?

A

Produces ova

Secretes the sex hormones: oestrogen and progesterone

50
Q

Name the ligaments of the ovary.

A

Suspensory: to lateral wall with ovarian vessels
Mesovarium: to broad ligament

51
Q

Name the two parts making up the female reproductive cycle.

A

Ovarian

Endometrial/Menstrual/Uterine

52
Q

List the phases of the ovarian part of the reproductive cycle.

A

Follicular: day 1-14
Luteal: day 15-28

53
Q

List the parts of the endometrial phase.

A

Proliferative: day 1-14
Secretory: day 15-28

54
Q

List the different ligaments of the female reproductive system.

A

Round ligament
Broad ligament
Suspensory ligament

55
Q

What is another name for the rectouterine pouch?

A

Pouch of Douglas

56
Q

What is a fornice?

A

Space around the cervix

57
Q

What are the breasts made up of?

A

Secretory glands
Lactiferous ducts
Fat
Suspensory ligaments

58
Q

Where are the breasts found?

A

Extends from midline to mid-axillary line from 2nd to 6th ribs over pectoralis major

59
Q

Name the arteries supplying the breasts.

A

Internal thoracic
Intercostal
Thoracoacromial

60
Q

Name the veins draining the breasts.

A

Internal thoracic
Axillary
Some to posterior intercostal to vertebral

61
Q

State the nervous supply of the breasts.

A

T4-6
Sympathetic on vessels and glands
Hormones on milk secretion

62
Q

Name the lymphatics of the breasts.

A

Anterior, posterior, lateral, central and apical group of axillary lymph nodes (lateral)
(medial to internal thoracic/parasternal nodes)

Right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct

3 - RDA (1 decks)

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