Anatomy 1 Flashcards by Sara Russell

What are the functions of the reproductive system?

To produce gametes: ova/spermatozoa
To produce the sex steroids
To provide the means for the sperm and egg to meet.

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Pelvic girdle

2 hip bones and sacrum

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Perineum

Region below the pelvic floor/diaphragm

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LMP

Last menstrual period

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What is an embryo?

Up to 8 weeks after fertilisation

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What do we call the fertilisation after 9 weeks?

Fetus: 9 week of gestation to birth

After birth - becomes the infant

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What is the roof of the perineum?

Pelvic floor

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What makes up the perineum?

Two triangles (diamond shaped)
Anterior triangle - urogenital
Posterior triangle - anal

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Name the two major muscles making up the pelvic floor.

Levator ani

Coccygeus

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What muscles make up the levator ani muscle?

Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

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Name the tracts of the male system.

Testis
Epididymis 
Ductus deferens 
Urethra
Ejaculatory ducts

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What is the function of the urethra?

Dual function: passage of urine and semen

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Name the male accessory sex glands.

Seminal vesicle
Prostate
Bulbourethral gland

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What are the functions of the male accessory glands?

Produce fluid to support sperm and semen
Majority of fluid comes from seminal vesicles
30% from prostate

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What is the function of the bulbourethral gland?

Secretes fluid to neutralise the acidity of the urethra (allow for sperm survival)

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What does testicular descent follow?

Gubernaculum

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Cryptorchid

Undescended testis - failure to descend to scrotum

Cyrptorchidism (hidden)

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Name of surgically bringing the testes down to the scrotum.

Orchidopexy

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What risks are associated with undescended testes?

Malignancy and infertility

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Why are the testes outside the body?

Spermatogenesis occurs at a colder temperature than the core body temperature

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Why are the testes outside the body?

Spermatogenesis occurs at a colder temperature than the core body temperature

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Where does spermatogenesis (manufacture of sperm)?

Seminiferous tubules

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What muscle divides the scrotal sac into two parts?

Dartos muscle

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What is the function of the cremaster muscle?

Helps move the testes down when hot or closer to the groin when cold

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What is the epididymis and its function?

Comma shaped coil of tube | Function - sperm maturation

What part of fascia of man is extension of abdominal wall?

Internal spermatic fascia Cremaster muscle External spermatic fascia

Name the coverings of the testicles.

Testicular covering - tunica albuginea, tunica vaginalis (peritoneum), internal spermatic fascia, cremaster muscle, external spermatic fascia.

What is the presentation of testicular torsion?

Sudden onset of hemiscrotal pain --> swelling --> nausea/vomiting Lack of fever/urinary symptoms

What would be found on physical examination of testicular torsion?

Tender, firm testis High-riding Horizontal lie Absent cremaster reflex

How do we examine for testicular torsion?

Doppler Exam | If present - have to operate within 6 hours

What are the contents of the scrotum?

Two spermatic cords | Two testes

How long does spermatogenesis take and where does it occur?

64-70 days | In seminiferous tubules

When does spermatogenesis begin?

At puberty

Where does the sperm mature and where are they stored once mature?

Matures in the epididymis | Stored in the ampulla of the ductus deferens

Name the three parts of the male urethra.

Prostatic (widest) Membranous Spongy

Name the channels of the penis and their functions.

2 corpus cavernous - erectile tissue | 1 corpus spongiosum - transmits penile urethra

Name the different parts of the penis.

Bulb Body Glans

Name the two potential spaces of the female.

Rectouterine pouch | Vesicouterine pouch

What is the peritoneum on either side of the uterus called?

Broad ligament

Name the parts of the uterus.

Fundus Body Mouth

Name the parts of the Fallopian tube.

Infundibulum Ampulla (dilated part = fertilisation) Isthmus (narrowest part)

What is the function of the Fallopian tube?

Transports ovum to uterus | Is site of fertilisation (ampulla)

What is the Uterine Tube composed of?

Fallopian tube Oviduct Salpinx

What is the Uterine Tube structure?

Smooth muscle - outer longitudinal, inner circular | Ciliated epithelium - ciliated, non-ciliated secretory

What are the functions of the uterus?

Site of implantation of fertilised egg Provides a protected site for the embryo and foetus to develop Contributes to the expulsion of the baby at birth

Describe the wall of the uterus.

Endometrium - columnar epithelium Myometrium - smooth muscle Perimetrium - outer serous layer

Why can females get PID and males cannot?

Peritoneum cavity in females has an opening (os) whereas males do not This is why females can get PID

What position is the uterus normally in?

Anteverted and Anteflexed

What is the function of the ovary?

Produces ova | Secretes the sex hormones: oestrogen and progesterone

Name the ligaments of the ovary.

Suspensory: to lateral wall with ovarian vessels Mesovarium: to broad ligament

Name the two parts making up the female reproductive cycle.

Ovarian | Endometrial/Menstrual/Uterine

List the phases of the ovarian part of the reproductive cycle.

Follicular: day 1-14 Luteal: day 15-28

List the parts of the endometrial phase.

Proliferative: day 1-14 Secretory: day 15-28

List the different ligaments of the female reproductive system.

Round ligament Broad ligament Suspensory ligament

What is another name for the rectouterine pouch?

Pouch of Douglas

What is a fornice?

Space around the cervix

What are the breasts made up of?

Secretory glands Lactiferous ducts Fat Suspensory ligaments

Where are the breasts found?

Extends from midline to mid-axillary line from 2nd to 6th ribs over pectoralis major

Name the arteries supplying the breasts.

Internal thoracic Intercostal Thoracoacromial

Name the veins draining the breasts.

Internal thoracic Axillary Some to posterior intercostal to vertebral

State the nervous supply of the breasts.

T4-6 Sympathetic on vessels and glands Hormones on milk secretion

Name the lymphatics of the breasts.

Anterior, posterior, lateral, central and apical group of axillary lymph nodes (lateral) (medial to internal thoracic/parasternal nodes) Right lymphatic duct, thoracic duct

Anatomy 1 Flashcards

(62 cards)