Anatomy 1: The Central Nervous System (CNS)

Question 0

3 Structures Associated with the Brain

Answer 0

1. CEREBRUM
2. CEREBELLUM
3. BRAIN ATEM

Question 1

The Central Nervous System or CNS has two major functions

Answer 1

1. Brain ( encephalon)

2. Spinal Cord

Question 2

Brain Structure 1 : Cerebrum

Answer 2

The cerebrum is the largest portion of the brain. it consists of two distinct halves called hemispheres. throughout the cerebrum are located the centers for higher emotional acts such as:

1. Thinking
2. Reasoning
3. Memory

Question 3

Brain Structure 2: Cerebellum

Answer 3

The cerebellum is located at the posterior base of the cranial cavity in the diagram of the brain it resembles a maple leaf in shape. The cerebellum is responsible for controlling

1 Equilibrium (balance)

2. Coordination of various muscle actions

Question 4

Brain Structure 3: Brain Stem

Answer 4

The brain stem consists of several different parts known by such names as the midbrain, diencephalon, pins, and medulla oblongata. The brain simply serves as a line of communication between the spinal cord and the brain.

Question 5

Ventricles

Brain

Answer 5

Ventricles are the 4 fluid filled spaces of cavities within the brain. The flow of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) begins in the most superior ventricles, then much like a waterfall, fills the remaining ventricles. Sometimes the flow of CSF is occluded (blocked), resulting in hydrocephalus.

Question 6

Meninges

Brain

Answer 6

The meninges is a three layered membrane which surrounds both the brain and spinal cord, the names of layered making up the meninges going from outermost to the innermost layer included:

1. Dura Mater- outermost layer, also the thickest and toughest.
2. Arachnoid- middle layer, which is web like in appearance.
3. Pia Mater- innermost layer and the only layer of the meninges to follow every peak and valley of the brain tissue itself. To a large extent, the blood supply to the brain is carried by the pia mater.

Question 7

Cerebrospinal Fluid Spaces

Answer 7

The cerebrospinal fluid spaces- CFS, after originating in and filling the ventricles of the brain, flows around the brain and spinal cord in the space between the arachnoid and pia mater layers of meninges. this space is called the subarachnoid space.

Question 8

The Spinal Cord

Origin and Termination
begins & ends

Answer 8

Origin and Termination- begins at the upper border of the first clavicle vertebrae (atlas), and terminates at the inferior border of the fifth lumbar vertebrae

Question 9

Structure of the spinal cord

Answer 9

Structure- protection for the spinal cord primarily consists of 24 of the 26 individual vertebrae of the adult spine. Although of different size and shape, each of these vertebrae has a central foramen (opening) through which the spinal cord will pass

Question 10

Meninges of the spinal cord

Answer 10

Meninges of the spinal cord- just remember that the meninges, in addition to surrounding the brain, also covers the spinal cord

Question 11

Cauda Equina

Spinal Nerves

Answer 11

The cauda equina the inferior group of spinal nerves, which are longer than the others. When the spinal cord is removed, they hang down in such a manner as to resemble a horse’s tail.