Anatomy 1: The Human Body Flashcards
(36 cards)
When are body cavities formed?
Body cavities are formed during the embryonic development by the folding of a flat sheet.
What is the mediastinum?
The mediastinum is the central compartment of the thoracic cavity, located between the two pleural sacs. It contains most of the thoracic organs, and acts as a conduit for structures traversing the thorax on their way into the abdomen.
What are the components of the thoracic cavity?
- Pericardial cavity
- Right and left pleural cavity
- Mediastinum
- Diaphragm
What are viscera protected by?
Mesentery:
Double sheets of membrane with blood vessels, nerves and lymphatics between the layers (E.g. the greater omentum).
What are the four purposes of the skeleton?
- Supports and protects
- Assists with movement
- Stores cells that produce blood-haematopoiesis in red marrow
- Stores minerals- in yellow marrow
What are the two main skeletal regions?
Axial and Appendicular.
What are the five types of bones?
- Long bone (Humerus)
- Short bone (carpals-wrist bones)
- Flat bone (parietal bone of skull)
- Irregular bone (Veterbra)
- Sesamoid (Patella)
What is a sesamoid bone?
A bone that lies within tendon/s acting as a pulley.
What are the two types of bone tissue?
- Compact
2. Spongy
What are the features of long bones?
- Always have a shaft
- Always hollow in some spaces to minimise weight and retain mechanical strength
- Outer layer is compact bone, while the inner layer is medullary cavity
- Have a very rich blood supply (well vascularised)
- Usually have tubercles
What does the medullary cavity of bones contain?
Red or yellow bone marrow.
How do bones grow?
Length wise- Above and below the epiphyseal plate
Circumference wise- By laying down new bone around the shaft.
What are joints?
Points in which two or more bones are connected.
What are the three main tissue types bones are lined with?
- Fibrous
- Cartilaginous
- Soft (synovial)
What are fibrous joints?
Bones joined by fibrous connective tissue, containing many strong and inelastic collaged fibres. It has high tensile strength.
What are three types of fibrous joints?
- Sutures
- Syndesmoses
- Gomphosis
What is a suture?
A type of immovable joint, found particularly in the skull. It is characterised by a minimal amount of connective tissue between the bones. Sutures unite the bones of the skull and often have irregular interlocking edges to account for extra strength.
What is a syndesmoses?
An immovable joint where the bones are separated by connective tissue. As the distance between the bones and the amount of CT is greater than in a suture, syndesmoses may permit slight movement.
What is a gomphosis?
A form of fibrous (immovable) joint in which a cone-shaped bone fits into a socket.
What are synovial joints?
Synovial joints are freely moveable joints, where the ends of the bones are covered with a thin cartilaginous sheet. The bones are linked by a ligament lined with a synovial membrane, which secretes synovial fluid.
What is a ligament?
A tough band of white fibrous connective tissue which are inelastic but flexible, both strengthening the joint and limiting its movement to certain directions.
What are the five things a synovial joint contains?
- Synovial joint cavity (gap)
- Fibrous capsule
- Synovial membrane
- Articular cartilage
- intra-articular structures (menisci and ligaments)
What are bursae?
Sacs of synovial fluid which may be continuous or separate from the joint cavity. They act to reduce friction.
What are the types of synovial joints and their purpose?
- GLIDING (plane) JOINT:
- HINGE JOINT:
- PIVOT JOINT:
- CONDYLOID (Elipsoid) JOINT:
- BALL AND SOCKET JOINT:
- SADDLE JOINT:
