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MB2: Renal > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(89 cards)

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1
Q

true/false - kidney and proximal ureters are retroperitoneal

A

true

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2
Q

what abdo wall muscles lie lateral to the kidneys

A

external/internal oblique

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3
Q

describe the contents of the renal hilum and their relations to each other

A

renal artery posterior
renal vein anterior
ureter inferior

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4
Q

what abdo wall muscles lie deep to the kidney

A

quadratus lumborum

psoas major

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5
Q

what is the relevance of muscle guarding to the kidneys

A

acts to protect the kidneys

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6
Q

what spinal level does the right kidney sit

A

L1-L3

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7
Q

what spinal level does the left kidney sit

A

T12-L2

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8
Q

what ribs offer protection to the kidneys and what is a potential issue

A

ribs 11-12

rib fractures can cause laceration to the kidneys

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9
Q

approx size of a normal kidney

A

12x6cm

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10
Q

anatomical relationships of the right kidney to other organs

A

posterior to liver and hepatorenal recess
2nd part duodenum
ascending colon
right colic flexure

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11
Q

anatomical relationships of the left kidney to other organs

A

stomach
splenic hilum
splenic vessels
tail of pancreas

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12
Q

what lymph nodes do the kidneys drain to

A

lumbar

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13
Q

what lymph nodes do the ureters drain to

A

lumbar and iliac

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14
Q

what is found in the renal medulla

A

renal pyramds

contains nephrons

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15
Q

describe drainage of the kidney

A

collecting ducts converge to minor calyx, then to major calyx, then to renal pelvis and ureter

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16
Q

the constriction between the renal pelvis and the ureter is known as?

A

pelviureteric junction

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17
Q

name 3 sites of anatomical constriciton in the ureter

A

pelviureteric junction
ureter crossing ant aspect common iliac and pelvic rum
ureteric orifice

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18
Q

describe the passage of urine through the ureters

A

flows through by peristaltic waves

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19
Q

consequences of any ureter/bladder obstruction

A

back pressure either unilaterla or bilateral to kidneys
this continues until pressure exceseds filtration pressure wothin glomerulus
this leads to hydronephrosis and renal failure

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20
Q

boundaries of the false pelvis?

A

iliac crests to pelvic inlet

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21
Q

boundaries of the true pelvis?

A

pelvic inlet to pelvic floor

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22
Q

name a muscle of the pelvic floor

A

levator ani

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23
Q

openings of the pelvic floor in men and women?

A

men have 2 - urethra, anus

women have 3 - urethra, vagina, anus

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24
Q

describe the passage of the ureters from kidney to bladder

A

travel down false pelvis and pass ant to common iliac to enter true pelvis
turns medially at ischial spine and enters bladder posteroinferior

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25
how does the ureter relate anatomically to the vas deferens
inferior to vas deferens
26
how does the ureter relate anatomically to the uterine artery and tubes
runs inferior, water under the bridge
27
what arteries in women arise from the internal iliac within the pelvis
vesical uterine midline rectal vaginal
28
what arteries in men arise from the internal iliac within the pelvis
prostatic vesical middle rectal
29
what is the hepatorenal recess
most dependent part of the abdominal cavity when the patient is lying on back
30
most inferior part of the peritoneum in men?
rectovesical pouch
31
most inferior part of the peritoneum in women
there is two pouch of douglas is deeper and is the rectouterine vesicouterine is less deep
32
what is the trigone
two ureteric orifices and the internal ureteric orifice form a triangular patch on posterior bladder
33
what muscle makes up the wall of the bladder
detrustor muscle
34
what special sphincter is present in the male bladder and what is its function
internal urethral sphincter, formed from thickening of detrusor prevents retrograde ejactulation
35
anatomical relations of the male bladder
prostate inferior | rectum posterior
36
anatomical relations of the female bladder
uterus lies superior anteflexed and seperated by uterovesicle pouch
37
where does the bladder lie when empty/full
true pelvis when empty | false pelvis when full
38
approx length of the female urethra
4cm
39
approx length of the male urethra
20cm
40
describe passage of urine from bladder to the outside in men
passes from bladder though internal urethral spincter/orifice to urethra, then to prostatic urethra, to external urethral sphincter, then to spongy urethra and to external urethral meatus
41
describe passage of sperm from testes to penis
seminiferous tubules to epididymus, to vas deferens passes in spermatic cord into abdo wall and posterior to bladder to join seminal gland joins ejaculatory ducts and forms part of the prostatic urethra then passes into the spongy urethra
42
what is the tunica vaginalis
sac containing testes | visceral lines testes and parietal lines inner scrotum
43
contents of spermatic cord
vas deferens testicular artery nerves pampiniform venous plexus
44
arterial supply to the testes?
from testicular artery from abdo aorta
45
venous drainage from the testes?
right to IVC | left to left renal, then to IVC
46
passage of the vas deferens?
superiro from testes to superficial inguinal ring to deep, presents in abdo cavity and passes posterior and medial to bladder then joins ejaculatory duct and seminal vesicle, comes togehter to form prostatic urethra
47
true/false - vas deferens passes anterior to ureter
true
48
what are the prostatic ducts
ducts with glandular secretions which drain to prostatic urethra
49
what is the inferior section of the prostate in contact with
levator ani
50
sections of the penis
root body glans external urethral orifice
51
layers of the penis
skin superifical fascia deep fascia erectile tissue cylinders
52
what are the 3 erectile tissue cylinders
corpus spongiosum | 2 corpus cavernosum
53
arterial supply to penis?
branches of pudendal from internal iliac
54
arterial supply to scrotum
from external iliac and internal pudendal from internal iliac
55
lymph drainage of penis and scrotum
to superficial ingiunal lymph nodes
56
lymph drainage of the testes
lumbar lymph nodes
57
modalities of sensory pain to kidney
visceral afferent
58
modalities of sensory pain to testes
visceral afferent
59
modalities of sensory pain to bladder
visceral afferent
60
modalities of sensory pain to ureter
visceral afferent
61
modalities of sensory pain to urethra
visceral afferent except in perineum
62
modalities of renal motor to ureters
ANS
63
modalities of renal motor to bladder
ANS
64
modalities of renal motor to urethral sphincters
ANS/somatic sensory
65
modalities associated with urinary continence?
somatic motor visceral afferent sympathetic parasympathetic
66
modalities and supply of the lumbar and sacral plexus
somatic moror and sensory | supplies lower limbs ansd perineum
67
summarise basic sympathetic nervous system outflow
leaves T1-L2 pass into the symapthetic chain so all spinal nerves have sympathetic supply travel to body organs by splanchnic nerves
68
how does the SNS get to the kidneys, bladder and ureter
leaves T10-L2 leaves by abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves synapse at abdominal sympathetic ganglia and then passes to organs by periarterial plexus
69
summarise PNS outflow
leaves by III, VII, IX, X and by sacral nerves | cannot innervate smooth muscle or glands of body wall
70
describe PNS outflow to the kidneys and ureter
carried by vagus nerve | enters diaphragm by periarterial plexis to enter kidneys and ureter
71
describe PNS outflow to the bladder
passes through pelvic splanchnic nerves leaving S2-4
72
where is kidney pain felt
felt in loin/flank
73
where is ureter pain felt
loin to groin
74
where is bladder pain felt
suprapubic
75
where is perineal urethral pain felt
localised to perineum
76
describe passage of pain perception in kidneys
travels along SNS by T11-L1
77
describe passage of pain perception in ureter
run SNS by T12-L2
78
describe passage of pain perception in bladder
affernts touching the perineum on sup bladder enter SNS T11-T2 midline part below peritoneum run PNS on S2-S4
79
describe passage of pain perception in urethra
run PNS to S2-S4 if prox urethra above pelvis | rest is somatic sensory from S2-4 so can be easily localised in perineum
80
DDx pain kidney
``` skin MSK verebral spinal nerve root compression LL pneumonia ```
81
DDx pain bladder
hindgut organs | uterine
82
DDx pain ureter
femoral hernia lymphadenopathy testicular
83
DDx pain urethra
vaginal tear anal canal fissure perineal genital ulcers
84
describe passage of pain perception in testis
SNS from T10-L1 | pain can also be felt localised L1 in scrotum
85
DDx pain testes
skin lesions | strangulated inguinal hernia
86
function of visceral afferents in micturition
S2-4 | sense stretch
87
function of PNS In micturition
pelvic splanchnic nerves contraction of detrusor S2-4
88
function of pudendal nerve in micturition
somatic sensory and motor S2-4 allows voluntary relaxation of external urethral sphincter
89
describe the process of urinary continence
bladder fills to send stretch relay by visceral afferent to CNS (S2-4) reflex stimulation detrusor and relaxation of internal urethral sphincter in en brain override if those who are 'trained' once appropriate this is lifted to cause detrusor contraction, relaxation of IUS, levator ani, EUS and abdo wall contraction

MB2: Renal (11 decks)

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