Anatomy Flashcards
(55 cards)
0
Q
Inferior
A
Below, underneath
1
Q
Superior
A
Above, on top of
2
Q
Cranial
A
Towards the head
3
Q
Caudal
A
Towards the tail
4
Q
Medial
A
Towards the midline of the body
5
Q
Lateral
A
Away from the midline of the body
6
Q
Anterior, ventral
A
Towards the front of the body
7
Q
Posterior, dorsal
A
Towards the back of the body
8
Q
Proximal
A
Situated nearest to point of attachment
9
Q
Distal
A
Situated furthest from the point of attachment
10
Q
Superficial
A
Shallow proximity I relation to the surface
11
Q
Deep
A
Extending inward from the surface
12
Q
Supine
A
Laying face up - on back
13
Q
Prone
A
Laying face down - on stomach
14
Q
Contralateral
A
Opposite side
15
Q
Ipsilateral
A
Same side
16
Q
Bilateral
A
Both sides
17
Q
Unilateral
A
One side
18
Q
Anatomical position
A
The body is erect, feet together, arms at sides with head, eyes, and palms of Han facing forward.
19
Q
Frontal plane
A
Divides the body into front and back - anterior and posterior
20
Q
Sagittal
A
Divides the body into left and right - equal halves
21
Q
Transverse
A
Divides the body into upper and lower.
22
Q
Movements are defined by…..
A
The plane they move within/ along and the axis they move about.
23
Q
Extension
A
Increasing the joint angle - straightening
Sagittal plane
24
Flexion
Decreasing the joint angel - bending
Sagittal plane
25
Movements of the Sagittal plane
Flexion
Extension
26
Movements of the frontal plane
Abduction - movement of the part of the body AWAY from the midline of the body.
Adduction - movement of the part of the body TOWARD the vertical midline of the body.
Lateral Flexion - side bending - a movement in which the angle is decreased laterally. Occurs at the trunk and the neck.
27
Abduction
Movement of the part of the body away from the midline of the body.
28
Adduction
Movement of the part of the body towards the vertical midline of the body.
29
Lateral flexion
Side bending
A movement in which the angel is decreased lately
Occurs at the trunk and neck
30
Movements in the transverse plane
External rotation - movement of the anterior side of a segment away from the midline of the body.
Internal rotation - movement of the anterior side of a segment inward toward the midline of the body.
- elbow extended of flexed
Horizontal Adduction - bringing the humerus from the side horizontal position of the body to the front of the body.
Horizontal Abduction - return from horizontal adduction.
31
The human skeleton consists of more then _____ bones.
200
32
The site where two or more ones are attached to each other so called a______?
Joint or articulation
33
Ligaments
Fibrous bands of connective tissue that connect one bone to another
Bone to bone
34
Tendons
Bands of fibrous connective tissue that attach muscle to bone.
Muscle to bone
35
Horizontal adduction
Bringing the humerus ( femur ) for a side horizontal position of the body to the front of the body.
Transverse plane
36
Horizontal abduction
Returning from adduction
Transverse
37
Joints
Bones are connected at joints
All bone movement occurred at joints
38
Muscles
When a muscle contracts it pulls on the tendon which in turn pulls on the bone, resulting in movement at the joint
39
Three types of joints
Fibrous
Cartilaginous
Synovial
40
Fibrous joints
Immovable or very lightly movable
The joints in the skull
41
Cartilaginous joints
Slightly movable joints
Sacroiliac joint in the pelvis
42
Synovial joint
Freely movable
Knee joint
Posess synovial fluid
43
6 types of synovial joints
Ball and socket - GH/shoulder and hip
Hinge - elbow & knee, only move in Sagittal - flexion and extension
Saddle - in the hand
Ellipsoid / condyloid - jaw
Pivot - in c1 & c2, lets to shake your head NO
Gliding / plane - st joint - glides btw shoulder blade and ribcage.
44
Ball and socket joint
Joint informed where rounded head of one bone, fits into hollow cup socket of another bone
Shoulder
Hip
Allow freedom to move in all directions
45
Saddle joint - synovial
Two concave surfaces articulating with one another
Joint where wrist meets hand - carpometacarpal
46
Ellipsoid Joint - synovial
A reduced ball and socket, much less rotation
Ex: TMJ in jaw - temporomandibular joint
47
Pivot joint - synovial
A bony ring rotates around the axle of another bone.
Ex: C1 on C2 in the neck of spine
the proximal radioulnar joint
48
Lower limbs and upper limbs have the same organization.
1. First is a ball and socket (hip/shoulder)
2. Then the Hinge joint ( knee and elbow)
3. Then a moveable joint made of several joints (ankle and wrist)
Creates a range of motion and stability.
It is the combination of these elements that give each joint it's range of motion and stability.
The elbow and knee are both hinge joints and have a great deal of movement, in the Sagittal plane. Flexion and extension.
The last segment of each limb I.e. the ankle and the wrist is highly mobile.
49
The three bones that make up the shoulder Girdle
Scapula
Clavicle
Sternum
50
Stereo clavicular ( SC) joint
Where the clavicle meets the sternum
51
Acromioclavicularc(AC) joint
We're the Acromion process of the scapula meets the clavicle.
Where clavicle ends and begins to curve toward GH joint
52
What movements are possible at the shoulder girdle / scapula ?
What planes of movement do these belong to?
```
Elevation
Depression
Protraction
Retraction
Upward rotation
Downward rotation
```
Frontal and transverse
53
The shoulder joint is an articulation between the _____ and the _______?
Head of the humerus and the glenoid fossa
54
What movements are possible at the shoulder joint?
What planes of movement do these belong too?
```
Flexion
Extension
Abduction
Adduction
Internal rotation
External rotation
Horizontal abduction
Horizontal adduction
```
All three planes
