Anatomy

Question 1

Innervation external urethral sphincter

Answer 1

Pudendal nerve - S2,S3,S4

Question 2

4 parts of male urethra

Answer 2

Pre-prostatic, prostatic, membranous, penile

Question 3

Superficial relations of submandibular gland

Answer 3

Platysma, submandibular nodes, facial vein, facial artery inferior to mandible, marginal mandibular nerve, cervical branch of facial nerve

Question 4

Deep relations of submandibular gland

Answer 4

Facial artery, mylohyoid muscle, hypoglossus muscle, hypoglossal nerve, submandibular duct, lingual nerve

Question 5

Wharton’s duct

Answer 5

Opens lateral to lingual frenulum anterior floor of mouth. Lingual nerve wraps around it.

Question 6

Innervation of submandibular gland

Answer 6

Sympathetic - superior cervical ganglion

Parasympathetic - submandibular ganglion via lingual nerve

Question 7

Blood supply of submandibular gland

Answer 7

Facial artery and anterior facial vein

Question 8

What makes up the femoral triangle?

Answer 8

Adductor longus medially, inguinal ligament superiorly, sartorius muscle laterally

Question 9

Relations of adductor longus?

Answer 9

Long saphenous overlies it and profunda branch of femoral artery, femoral nerve inferiorly.

Question 10

Origin, insertion and innervation of adductor longus

Answer 10

Origin - anterior body of pubis
Insertion - middle third of linea aspera
Innervation - anterior division of obturator (L2,3,4)

Question 11

Borders of the quadrangular space

Answer 11

Humerus laterally, subscapularis and teres minor superiorly, teres major inferiorly and long head of triceps medially

Question 12

What is transmitted through the quadrangular space?

Answer 12

Axillary nerve and posterior circumflex humeral artery

Question 13

5 branches of the facial nerve

Answer 13

Temporal, Zygomatic, Marginal mandibular, Buccal, Cervical

Question 14

What does the facial nerve supply?

Answer 14

Face, ear, taste, tear. 
Muscles of facial express
Nerve to stapedius
Anterior two thirds of tongue
Lacrimal and salivary glands

Question 15

Geniculate ganglion

Answer 15

Sensory branch of the facial nerve, divides into greater petrosal nerve, chorda tympani and nerve to stapedius

Question 16

Nerve supply of the knee

Answer 16

Femoral, tibial and common peroneal branch of sciatic and by a branch of obturator

Question 17

Bloody supply of the knee

Answer 17

Genicular branches of femoral artery, popliteal and anterior tibial arteries

Question 18

Lymphatic drainage anterior 2/3 of tongue

Answer 18

Only to ipsilateral nodes as little communication past midline

Question 19

Lymphatic drainage posterior 1/3 tongue

Answer 19

Has communicating networks so early bilateral nodal metastases are common

Question 20

Lymphatic spread from tip of tongue

Answer 20

Submental lymph nodes and then deep cervical nodes

Question 21

Lymphatic spread from mid-portion of tongue

Answer 21

Submandibular nodes and then to deep cervical nodes.

Question 22

Lymphatic spread from mid tongue tumour located laterally

Answer 22

Usually drain to ipsilateral deep cervical nodes.

Question 23

Lymphatic spread from mid tongue tumour located centrally

Answer 23

Bilateral deep cervical node involvement

Question 24

Which muscle is being tested by trendelenberg test?

Answer 24

Gluteus medius

Question 25

Injury to which nerve results in a motor deficit that causes weakened abduction of the thigh?

Answer 25

Superior gluteal nerve

Question 26

Blood supply of appendix

Answer 26

Appendicular artery which is a branch of ileocolic

Question 27

Which part(s) of the colon are retroperitoneal?

Answer 27

Posterior aspect of ascending colon, posterior aspect of descending colon (until sigmoid, approx L4)

Question 28

Arterial supply of the colon (ascending, transverse, descending + sigmoid)

Answer 28

SMA and IMA (linked my marginal artery) Ascending colon - ileocolic (inferior branch of SMA) + R colic Transverse - middle colic Descending + sigmoid - IMA

Question 29

Venous drainage of the colon

Answer 29

Regional veins to superior and inferior mesenteric vein

Question 30

Lymphatic drainage of the colon

Answer 30

Para-aortic nodes

Question 31

Embryology of the colon

Answer 31

Second part of duodenum to 2/3 transverse colon = midgut | Distal 1/3 transverse to anus = hindgut

Question 32

Boundaries of the posterior triangle of the neck (apex, superior, posterior, base)

Answer 32

Apex - sternocleidomastoid and trapezius at occipital bone Superior - posterior border of sternocleidomastoid Posterior - anterior border of trapezius Base - middle third of clavicle

Question 33

Nerve contents of the posterior triangle

Answer 33

Accessory nerve, phrenic nerve, three trunks of brachial plexus, branches of cervical plexus

Question 34

Vessel contents of posterior triangle

Answer 34

External jugular vein, subclavian artery

Question 35

Muscle contents of posterior triangle

Answer 35

Inferior border of omohyoid | Scalene

Question 36

Lymph node contents of posterior triangle

Answer 36

Supraclavicular and occipital

Question 37

Constrictions of the oesophagus (distance from incisiors)

Answer 37

Cricoid cartilage (15 cm), arch of aorta (22.5 cm), left principal bronchus (27 cm), diaphragmatic hiatus (40 cm)

Question 38

Anterior relations of oesophagus?

Answer 38

``` Trachea to T4 Recurrent laryngeal nerve Left bronchus Left atrium Diaphragm ```

Question 39

Posterior relations to oesophagus?

Answer 39

Thoracic duct to L at T5 Hemiazygos to L T8 Descending aorta first 2 intercostal branches of aorta

Question 40

Left relations of oesophagus?

Answer 40

Thoracic duct | L subclavian artery

Question 41

Right relations to oesphagus?

Answer 41

Azygos vein

Question 42

Arterial supply to oesophagus

Answer 42

Upper third - inferior thyroid Mid third - aortic branches Lower third - L gastric

Question 43

Venous drainage from oesophagus?

Answer 43

Upper third - inferior thyroid Mid third - azygos branches Lower third - L gastric

Question 44

Lymphatic drainage of oesphagus?

Answer 44

Upper third - deep cervical Mid third - mediastinal Lower third - gastric

Question 45

Muscularis externa of oesophagus?

Answer 45

Upper third - striated Mid third - striated + smooth Lower third - smooth

Question 46

Nerve supply of oesophagus?

Answer 46

Upper half - recurrent laryngeal nerve | Lower half - oesophageal plexus (vagus)

Question 47

Histology of oesophagus?

Answer 47

Muscosa - non keratinized stratified squamous epithelium Submucosa - glandular tissue Muscularis externa (muscularis) Adventitia

Question 48

Origin of triceps (long head, lateral head, medial head)

Answer 48

Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of scapula Lateral head - dorsal surface of humerus Medial head - posterior surface of humerus

Question 49

Insertion of triceps

Answer 49

Olecranon process of the ulna

Question 50

Innervation of triceps

Answer 50

Radial nerve

Question 51

Blood supply of triceps

Answer 51

Profunda brachii artery

Question 52

Action of the triceps

Answer 52

Elbow extension