Anatomy Flashcards
(113 cards)
1
Q
Major skull sutures
A
Coronal, Sagittal, Lambdoid
2
Q
Junctions
A
Bregma, Lambda, Pterion, Asterion
3
Q
Fontanelles are
A
membranous gaps that exist between skull bondes in the newborn
4
Q
Metopic suture
A
between the 2 frontal bones
5
Q
Le fort fracture
A
fracture of the maxilla
6
Q
Anterior fossa is occupied by
A
frontal lobe
7
Q
Middle fossa is occupied by
A
temporal lobe
8
Q
Posterior fossa is occupied by
A
cerebellum and brainstem
9
Q
Basilar skull fracture
A
fracture most commonly of the temporal bones from blunt force trauma
10
Q
Symptoms of basilar skull fracture
A
bruising behind ears or around eyes, blood behind ear drum, CSF leak from nose or ear
11
Q
bones of the anterior cranial fossa
A
frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
12
Q
key features of the anterior cranial fossa
A
cribriform plate and foramina, crista galli, frontal crest
13
Q
bones of the middle cranial fossa
A
sphenoid, temporal
14
Q
key features of the middle cranial fossa
A
optic canal, hypophyseal fossa, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, foramen spinosum, carotid canal
15
Q
posterior cranial fossa bones
A
temporal and occipital
16
Q
key features of the posterior cranial fossa
A
foramen magnum, grooves for sigmoid and transverse dural sinuses, internal acoustic meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, internal occipital protuberance
17
Q
CN 1
A
olfactory
18
Q
CN 1 foramen
A
cribriform plate
19
Q
CN 2
A
optic
20
Q
CN 2 foramen
A
optic canal
21
Q
CN 3
A
oculomotor
22
Q
CN 3 foramen
A
superior orbital fissure
23
Q
CN 4
A
trochlear
24
Q
CN 4 foramen
A
superior orbital fissure
25
CN 5
trigeminal
26
CN 5 foramen
V1-superior orbital fissure
V2- foramen rotundum
V3- foramen ovale
27
CN 6
abducent
28
CN 6 foramen
superior orbital fissure
29
CN 7
facial
30
CN 7 forman
stylomastoid foramen
31
CN 8
vestibulocochlear
32
CN 8 foramen
internal acoustic meatus
33
CN 9
glossopharyngeal
34
CN 9 foramen
jugular foramen
35
CN 10
vagus
36
CN 10 foramen
jugular foramen
37
CN 11
spinal accessory
38
CN 11 foramen
jugular foramen
39
CN 12
hypoglossal
40
CN 12 foramen
hypoglossal canal
41
Carotid canal contains
internal carotid artery
42
foramen spinosum contains
middle meningeal artery
43
Optic canal contains
optic nerve and ophthalmic artery
44
Superior orbital fissure contains
CN 3, 4, 5, 6 and superior ophthalmic vein
45
2 layers of the dura
periosteal (outer) and meningeal (inner)
46
dural partitions
falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli, falx cerebelli, diaphragma sellae
47
blood supply of dura
ethmoidal arteries, maxillary (middle meningeal) artery, ascending pharyngeal artery, occipital artery, vertebral artery
48
Meningeal arteries course between
the bone and the periosteal dura
49
pterion fracture may cause bleeding from
middle meningeal artery leading to extradural hemorrhage
50
surgical approach to middle cranial fossa
pterion craniotomy
51
meningeal spaces
extradural, subdural, subarachnoid
52
Dural venous sinuses lead to
internal jugular veins
53
dural venous sinuses
superior sagittal sinus, inferior sagittal sinus, straight sinus, transverse sinus, sigmoid sinus, occipital sinus, confluence of sinuses, cavernous sinuses, superior petrosal sinus, inferior petrosal sinus
54
important structures pass through the cavernous sinus
internal carotid artery, CN 3, 4, 5, 6
55
cavernous sinus
paired dural sinuses located on either side of the sella turcica (sphenoid)
56
platysma acts to
tense the skin of the neck and depress the mandible
57
platysma nerve
CN7
58
SCM acts to
laterally flex the head and rotate the face to opposite side , extend head and draws head forward, accessory muscle of respirations
59
SCM nerve
CN 11
60
Trapezius acts to
rotate, elevate, retract, depress the scapula
61
Trapezius nerve
CN 11
62
suprahyoid muscles
stylohyoid, digastric, mylohyoid, geniohyoid
63
stylohyoid nerve
facial nerve
64
digastric nerves
mylohyoid, facial
65
mylohyoid nerve
mylohyoid
66
geniohyoid nerve
C1
67
infrahyoid muscles
omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid, thyrohyoid
68
infrahyoid nerve
ansa cervicalis except thyrohyoid (C1)
69
Ansa cervicalis is formed by _ present in _ and related to _
C1-3, carotid triangle, IJV and ICA
70
muscles that elevate hyoid
stylohyoid, digastric, geniohyoid
71
muscles that depress the mandible
digastric, geniohyoid
72
muscles that depress the hyoid
omohyoid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid
73
sternothyroid acts to
depress the thyroid cartilage and larnx
74
in addition to depressing the hyoid the thyrohyoid acts to
elevate the thyroid cartilage and larynx
75
contents of digastric (submandibular) triangle
submandibular gland, facial artery and vein, stylohyoid muscle, hypoglossal nerve, lymph nodes
76
contents of carotid triangle
CCA, ICA, ECA, IJV, vagus nerve, hypoglossal nerve
77
contents of muscular triangle
infrahyoid muscles, thyroid glands, parathyroid glands
78
contents of the posterior triangle
EJV, subclavian vein, SCA, brachial plexus, cervical plexus, accessory nerve
79
Anterior scalene acts to
flex neck, elevate first rib
80
anterior scalene nerve
anterior rami of C4-6
81
middle scalene acts to
flex neck, elevate first rib
82
middle scalene nerve
anterior rami of C2-6
83
posterior scalene acts to
flex neck laterally, elevate second rib
84
posterior scalene nerve
anterior rami C7-8
85
CCA divides at
C3-4
86
branches of ECA
superior thyroid, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, ascending pharyngeal, superficial temporal, maxillary
87
IJV is a continuation of
the sigmoid sinus
88
IJV begins at
jugular foramen
89
tributaries of IJV
inferior petrosal sinus, pharyngeal, occipital, facial, lingual, superior thyroid, middle thyroid
90
subclavian artery (SCA) parts
vertebral, thyrocervical, internal thoracic, costocervical
91
branches of thyrocervial
inferior thyroid, transverse cervical, suprascapular
92
only tributary of subclavian vein
external jugular
93
brachiocephalic vein tributaries
vertebra, inferior thyroid, internal thoracic, left superior intercostal, thymic
94
which brachiocephalic vein is longer
left
95
What passes through the scalene triangle
SCA and brachial plexus
96
superficial cervical lymph nodes
occipital, mastoid, parotid, submandibular, submental
97
gloosopharyngeal nerve innervates
stylopharyngeus, posterior 1/3 of tongue, oropharynx, middle ear, parasympathetic to parotid gland
98
vagus nerve innervates
muscles of soft palate, pharynx, larynx, external acoustic meatus, laryngopharynx, taste of epiglottis, parasympathetic to heart, trachea, bronchi, GIT
99
branches of vagus nerve
pharyngeal, superior laryngeal, inferior (recurrent) laryngeal, cartoid sinus/body, cardia, thoracic, abdominal
100
hypoglossal nerve innervates
most muscles of the tongue
101
cervical plexus cutaneous branches
lesser occipital, great auricular, transverse cervical, supraclavicular,
102
cervical plexus from
C1-4
103
cervical plexus muscular branches
phrenic, prevertebral, lateral vertebral, ansa cervicalis
104
cervical part of sympathetic trunk
three cervical ganglia located behind the cartoid sheath on the transverse process of C5
105
Horner's syndrome
partial ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis, increased temp and redness
106
Thyroid gland is enclosed by
pretracheal fascia
107
what connects the lobes of the thyroid
isthmus
108
which nerve can get damaged during thyroid surgery
recurrent laryngeal neve
109
layers of deep cervical fascia
investing, prevertebral, pretrachel, carotid sheath
110
investing layer contains
trapezius, SCM, infrahyoid, submandibular gland, parotid gland
111
prevertebral layer contains
prevertebral muscles, 3 scalene muscles, deep muscles of the back
112
Pretracheal layer
thyroid, trachea, pharynx, esophagus
113
carotid sheath contains
CCA, ICA, IJV, vagus nerve, deep cervical lymph nodes
