ANATOMY

Question 1

What are the 9 abdominal regions?

Answer 1

Right hypochondriac, epigastric region, left hypogastric region
Right flank region, umbilical region, left flank region
Right inguinal region, pubic region, left inguinal region

Question 2

At what level is the transpyloric plane?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

At what level is the subcostal plane?

Answer 3

L3

Question 4

At what level is the supracristal plane?

Answer 4

L4

Question 5

What level is the transtubercular plane?

Answer 5

L5

Question 6

What’s included in the upper gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 6

The oesophagus, stomach, duodenum, liver, gall bladder and pancreas

Question 7

What’s included in the lower gastrointestinal tract?

Answer 7

The ileum, jejune my, large intestine

Question 8

What is the vestibule?

Answer 8

The space between he soft tissue and the teeth and gums

Question 9

What are the 3 salivary glands?

Answer 9

The parotid, submandibular and sublingual glands

Question 10

What is the secretion of saliva controlled by?

Answer 10

The parasympathetic system

Question 11

Where does the sublingual gland open into?

Answer 11

Multiple ducts on a ridge either side of the sublingual papilla and frenulum

Question 12

Where does the submandibular gland open into?

Answer 12

The sublingual papilla

Question 13

Describe the structure of the human teeth?

Answer 13

We have 2 incisors, 1 canine, 2 premolars and up to 3 molars in each quadrant

Question 14

Why do teeth need their own nerve supply?

Answer 14

As they need to be able to detect pressure

Question 15

What’s the nerve supply of teeth?

Answer 15

The tribe I also nerve branches; the mandibular and maxillary nerves. The maxillary nerve gives off superior alveolar nerves and the mandibular nerve gives off inferior alveolar nerves

Question 16

What’s the blood supply of the teeth?

Answer 16

The maxillary artery supplies the upper teeth via the superior alveolar branch and the lower teeth by the inferior alveolar branches

Question 17

What are the muscles of mastication?

Answer 17

The masseter, temporal is, medial and lateral pterygoids and the Gucci at or (an accessory muscle of mastication)

Question 18

What is the temporalis muscle innervatee by?

Answer 18

The mandibular branch of the tribute I also nerve

Question 19

What’s the blood supply of the temporalis muscle?

Answer 19

The maxillary and superficial temporal artery

Question 20

What’s the function of the temporalis muscle

Answer 20

To adduct the jaw

Question 21

What innervates the masseter muscle?

Answer 21

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve

Question 22

What’s the blood supply of the masseter muscle?

Answer 22

The maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery

Question 23

What’s the function of the masseter muscle?

Answer 23

To contract to shut the jaw

Question 24

What’s are the medial and lateral pterygoid muscles attached to?

Answer 24

The lateral pterygoid plate

Question 25

What’s the function of the medial pterygoid muscle?

Answer 25

It contracts to close the jaw

Question 26

What’s the function of the lateral pterygoid muscle?

Answer 26

It contracts to pull the mandible foward and open the jaw

Question 27

What innervates the buccinato?

Answer 27

The facial nerve

Question 28

What’s the function of the buccinator muscle?

Answer 28

The stop food spilling over into the vestibule

Question 29

What are the 2 types of tongue muscles?

Answer 29

Extrinsic and intrinsic

Question 30

What’s the function of the extrinsic muscles?

Answer 30

Hi Mike e the tongue itself

Question 31

What’s the function of the intrinsic tongue muscles?

Answer 31

To form the shale and to help with vocalising

Question 32

What are the 4 extrinsic muscles of the tongue?

Answer 32

The genioglossus, hyoglossus, styloglossus and palatoglossus

Question 33

Where is the genioglossus muscle and what does it do?

Answer 33

It attaches to genial spines on the mandible and helps with protrusion of the tongue

Question 34

Where is the hyoglossus muscle and what does it do?

Answer 34

It attaches to the hyoid bone and the tongue and acts to depress the tongue

Question 35

Where is the styloglossus muscle and what does it do?

Answer 35

It attaches to the styloidprocess and the tongue and acts to form a trough in the middle of the tongue

Question 36

Where is the palatoglossus muscle and what does it do?

Answer 36

It lies from the palate to the tongue and forms the palatoglossus fold at the back of the oral cavity. It’s key for swallowing as it lifts up the tongue

Question 37

What is the general sensation in the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue supplied by?

Answer 37

The trigeminal nerve - specifically the lingual nerve

Question 38

What’s the blood supply to the tongue?

Answer 38

The lingual artery and vein

Question 39

Which 2 muscles can shut off the nasopharynx?

Answer 39

The levator veli palatini and the musculus uvulae

Question 40

What innervates the pharynx?

Answer 40

The pharyngeal branches of the glossopharyngeal and vagus nerves

Question 41

What level does the oesophagus run from and to?

Answer 41

C6 to C10

Question 42

What’s the histology of the mouth, oropharyngeal, laryngopharynx and oesophagus?

Answer 42

Stratified non-keratin in squamous epithelium

Question 43

What’s the histology of the stomach?

Answer 43

Simple columnar epithelium with parietal and goblet cells

Question 44

What is Barrett’s oesophagus?

Answer 44

When there’s a change in colour action in the oesophagus as the simple columnar epithelium move up into the oesophageal region as the gastric juices move up. This can be a precursor sign of oesophageal cancer

Question 45

What are the 4 regions of the stomach?

Answer 45

The cardia, fungus, body and pyloric antrum

Question 46

What’s the blood supply of the stomach?

Answer 46

The coeliac trunk

Question 47

What nerve causes peristaltic and secretory action in the stomach?

Answer 47

The vagus nerve

Question 48

Which regions of the duodenum are peritoneal?

Answer 48

Superior region

Question 49

Which regions of the duodenum are retroperitoneal?

Answer 49

The descending and horizontal region

Question 50

What is the duodenal cap?

Answer 50

The first part of the duodenum that | Is dilated because air is trapped

Question 51

What is the ligament of treitz?

Answer 51

The ligament which curves around the crus and hold the ascending region of the duodenum in place

Question 52

What supplies taste to the anterior 2/3rds of the tongue?

Answer 52

The facial nerve

Question 53

What is the posterior 1/3rd of the tongue ( touch and taste) innervated by

Answer 53

The glossopharyngeal nerve