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Cardiovascular > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the apex beat located?

A

5th left intercostal space mid-axillary line

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2
Q

How do you tell if a heart is enlarged?

A

Heart is >50% of lateral distance in frontal view at diaphragm

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3
Q

What is the transverse pericardial sinus?

A

Separates the arteries from the veins

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4
Q

What forms the oblique pericardial sinus?

A

Reflection onto the pulmonary veins of the heart

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5
Q

What is the most posterior part of the heart?

A

Left atrium

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6
Q

Where is the aortic heart sound heard?

A

2nd ICS, right sternal border

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7
Q

Where is the pulmonary heart sound heard?

A

2nd ICS, left sternal border

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8
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve sound heard?

A

4th-5th ICS, right sternal border

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9
Q

Where is the mitral sound heard?

A

5th ICS, near apex beat, left side

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10
Q

What is surrounding the heart?

A

Heart is enveloped by the pericardial sac

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11
Q

Name the two layers of the pericardial sac.

A

Visceral (inner)
Parietal (outer)
Between the two layers is a sinus/space

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12
Q

What are the pectinate muscles and where are they found?

A

Aid in moving blood into the ventricles

Found on the inner wall of the left and right atria

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13
Q

What is crista terminalis?

A

Ridge of smooth myocardium in the right atrium of the heart

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14
Q

What is the fossa ovalis?

A

Window in the interatrial wall

Depression in the right atrium of the heart

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15
Q

What is the function of the lips of the valves?

A

Function is to direct bloodflow, rather than prevent backflow.

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16
Q

What is the function of the coronary sinus?

A

Brings venous blood from the heart back into the right atrium

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17
Q

Where is the valve of the coronary sinus located?

A

Next to the valve of the inferior vena cava in the right atrium

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18
Q

Name features of the right atrium.

A

Fossa ovalis
Crista terminalis
IVC valve
Coronary sinus valve

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19
Q

What is the right atrium proper include?

A

Includes the right auricle

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20
Q

What is the right auricle?

A

Small muscular pouch on top of right atrium

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21
Q

Where is the conus arteriosus and what is its function?

A

Right ventricle - directs blood force into channel

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22
Q

Name the different types of papillary muscles.

A

Anterior
Posterior
Septal

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23
Q

What are the divisions of the pericardium?

A

Fibrous and serous pericardium

Serous pericardium is split into the parietal and visceral layers

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24
Q

Where will you find the infundibulum/conus arteriosus?

A

Right ventricle

25
Q

What is the function of the infundibulum/conus arteriosus?

A

RV outflow tract - entrance from the right ventricle into the pulmonary artery/trunk

26
Q

What level are the pulmonary veins situated at?

A

T5

27
Q

Where are the trabeculae carnae found?

A

Right and left ventricles

28
Q

What are the trabeculae carnae?

A

Rounded/irregular muscular columns which project from the inner surface of the left and right ventricles

29
Q

What is the function of the trabeculae carnae?

A

Pull on the AV valves to prevent inversion

30
Q

What is the aortic vestibule and where is it located?

A

Located in the superior region of the LV

LV outflow tract

31
Q

What is the name of the LV outflow tract?

A

Aortic vestibule.

32
Q

What is the name of the RV outflow tract?

A

Infundibulum/conus arteriosus

32
Q

What is the name of the RV outflow tract?

A

Infundibulum/conus arteriosus

33
Q

Where is the mitral/bicuspid valve found and how many leaflets does it have?

A

Left AV valve

2 leaflets: anterior and posterior

34
Q

What surrounds the AV valves?

A

Left/right AV ring

35
Q

Where is the tricuspid valve found and how many leaflets does it have?

A

Right AV valve

3 leaflets - anterior, posterior and septal

36
Q

What surrounds the semilunar valves?

A

Fibrous rings

37
Q

What is the atrioventricular bundle?

A

Collection of specialized heart cells for conduciton

38
Q

How many cusps does the pulmonary valve have?

A

3 - right, left and anterior

39
Q

How many cusps does the aortic valve have?

A

3 - right, left and posterior

40
Q

What is important to note about the aortic valve?

A

Associated with the coronary arteries.

The posterior cusp has no coronary artery.

41
Q

What is the name of the ligament found near the aorta and pulmonary trunk?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

42
Q

What lines the internal surface and valves?

A

Endocardium

43
Q

What is found on the anterior walls of the atria?

A

Pectinate muscles

44
Q

What is found on the anterior walls of the ventricles?

A

Trabeculae carnae

45
Q

Name the branches off the aorta.

A

1 - Brachiocephalic artery - splits into right common carotid and right subclavian artery
2 - left common carotid
3 - left subclavian artery

46
Q

What veins join to form the SVC?

A

Right and left brachiocephalic veins

47
Q

What other vein feeds into the SVC?

A

Azygous vein

48
Q

What must be noted about the pulmonary veins and arteries?

A

Pulmonary veins are red - bring O2 blood from the lungs to the heart
Pulmonary arteries are blue - take deoxygenated blood away from the heart to the lungs

49
Q

Name the two major branches off the aorta.

A

Right and left coronary arteries

50
Q

What are the branches of the left coronary artery?

A

Anterior interventricular artery/LAD

Left circumflex artery

51
Q

What vein is near the anterior interventricular artery?

A

Great cardiac vein

52
Q

What vein is near the left circumflex artery?

A

Posterior vein of the left ventricle

53
Q

What branches come off the right coronary artery?

A

Marginal artery

Posterior interventricular artery

54
Q

What vein is near the marginal artery?

A

Small cardiac vein

55
Q

What vein is near the posterior interventricular artery?

A

Middle cardiac vein

56
Q

Where do the veins join?

A

Coronary sinus which drains into the right atrium

57
Q

Where do anastomoses form?

A

AIA and marginal artery/left circumflex

PIA and marginal artery/circumflex

58
Q

What is the function of anastomoses in the heart?

A

Provide alternative pathways for blood flow should blockages occur.

Cardiovascular (11 decks)

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