Anatomy Flashcards
(42 cards)
What are Sharpey’s Fibers and what is their function?
Sharpey’s Fibers are collagenous fibers that bind cranial bones in a firm but movable manner.
From Avadhan: Sharpey’s fibers anchor intersutural material to cranial bone.
They are specialized ligaments that connect periosteum to bone.
Sharpey’s fibers are a matrix of connective tissue consisting of bundles of strong collagenous fibers that connect bone to periosteum. Also found in teeth and vertebral segments.
What are denticulate or dentate ligaments and what is their function?
The denticulate ligaments, or dentate ligaments, are triangular shaped ligaments that anchor the spinal cord to the dura mater. The bases of the ligaments arise in the pia mater and they are firmly attached to the arachnoid mater and dura mater at the apex.
Are all active lesions Energy Cysts?
No.
If the source of the trauma injury is from inside the body, such as an organ dysfunction, emotional issue, etc, the body tends to recognize the pattern as one of its own making, and may not encapsulate it.
Where are the Dural membrane attachment sites?
see image in CST folder
The Dural membrane: Lines and attaches to entire Cranial Vault Attaches around entire Foramen Magnum Posterior bodies of C2, C3 Anterior portion of Canal of S2 Blends with Periosteum of Coccyx
What other names is the Dural Tube known as?
The Core Link and the Thecal Sac
What are the movements of the paired bones of the skull with the CSR (extension and flexion)?
During flexion, the paired bones externally rotate and widen externally.
During extension, the paired bones of the skull internally rotate and narrow medially.
What are the movements of the single bones of the skull and the sacrum with the CSR (extension and flexion)?
Extension – Single bones: Superior poles rock anterior.
The Sphenoid moves opposite to the other single structures.
During flexion, the single bones (midline structures) of the skull and the sacrum rotate around a transverse axis. Inferior poles rock anteriorly.
How did Dr. Upledger at Michigan State University confirm that adult cranial sutures are not fixed/ossified, and instead are able to move?
(Name 5 structures found)
In the mid-1970’s the College of Osteopathic Medicine at Michigan State University with Dr. Upledger studied:
fresh cranial bone specimens (not preserved) and found with optical and electron microscopy:
blood vessels nerve fibers collagen elastic fibers within cranial structures AKA Sharpey's fibers
How do you find the locations of the carotid arteries at base of jaw?
Carotid arteries are landmarked at the cornua of the hyoid, and inferior to the angle of the jaw.
What attaches to the clinoid processes?
The 4 clinoid processes project around the sella turcica of the sphenoid body.
The 2 anterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid bone attach to the superior leaves of the anterior tentorium cerebelli.
The 2 posterior clinoid processes of the sphenoid are attached to the inferior leaves of the anterior tentorium cerebelli.
Where is the Jugular Foramen located and what 2 bones form it?
The Jugular Foramen is situated between the basilar portion of the occiput and the mastoid portion of the temporal bone.
These are 2 foramina (left and right) anterior-lateral to the foramen magnum.
Where are the
a) the coronal suture
b) the metopic suture
a) The coronal suture is the junction between frontal and both parietal bones
b) The metopic suture is a frontal bone suture that divides the 2 halves of frontal bones in infants. It fuses in first 3-9 months after birth
Name the sutures and the bones where the Parietal bones articulate.
- frontal bone anteriorly (at coronal suture)
- occiput posteriorly (lambdoid suture)
- with 2 temporal bones inferiorly (squamosal suture)
- small articulations with tips of great wings of sphenoid (pterion)
What type of joint is the TMJ?
How many planes does the joint move in?
Ellipsoid joint
The TMJ has 3 planes of articulation
Which direction do maxilla bones go in flexion?
They are paired bones, so they rotate externally/laterally and widen/spread bilaterally
Does CSF fill the central canal of the spinal cord?
Yes
Where are the lateral ventricles of the cranium situated?
What is their numerical designation?
The lateral ventricles are the first and second ventricles.
These C-shaped structures are located on each side of your cerebral cortex, the wrinkly outer layer of your brain.
They have “horns” which project into the frontal, occipital and temporal lobes. Their volume increases with age.
What is the function of the ventricles?
The 4 ventricles are structures that produce CSF (in their lining), store it and transport it around the cranial cavity.
They are lined with ependymal cells which form a structure called the choroid plexus. It is within the choroid plexus that CSF is produced.
Name 6 functions of the Cerebral Spinal Fluid (CSF)?
Shock absorption: When you fall, get into a car accident, or otherwise knock your head, the CFS encasing your brain absorbs the shock so that your brain does not smack against your skull.
Nutrition: CSF supplies your central nervous system with essential nutrients, such as glucose, proteins, lipids, and electrolytes.
Intracranial pressure: A steady flow of CSF keeps the pressure around your brain stable. Too much CSF, possibly due to a traumatic brain injury or brain tumor, raises intracranial pressure.
Waste removal: CSF washes through your subarachnoid space, cleaning up toxins and waste products, which are then carried to your lymphatic ducts for filtration.
Temperature: CSF circulation keeps the temperature of your brain and spine stable.
Immune function: CSF contains numerous immune cells that monitor your central nervous system for foreign agents that could damage your vital organs.
Generally describe the ventricle system of the cranium?
Your brain’s ventricular system is comprised of four ventricles as well as small structures that connect each ventricle called foramina.
Name the foramina that join the lateral ventricles to the third ventricle.
CSF passes from the lateral ventricles, through two holes called the interventricular foramina, or the foramina of Monro, and into the third ventricle.
The foramina of Monro, or the interventricular foramina joins the lateral ventricles to the 3rd ventricle.
Where is the third ventricle situated?
The third ventricle is a narrow, funnel-shaped structure situated between your right and left thalamus, just above your brain stem.
Where is the fourth ventricle situated?
The fourth ventricle is a diamond-shaped structure that runs alongside your brain stem. It has four openings through which cerebrospinal fluid drains into an area surrounding your brain (subarachnoid space) and the central canal of your spinal cord.
Name the channel that joins the 3rd and 4th ventricle
The cerebral aqueduct, or the aqueduct of Sylvius is the foramen that joins the 3rd and 4th ventricle
