ANATOMY

Question 1

What is the arterial supply to the maxillary teeth?

Answer 1

ASA, MSA and PSA - branches of maxillary artery

Question 2

What nerve supplies the lower eyelid, side of nose and upper lip region?

Answer 2

Infraorbital nerve (terminal branch of the maxillary nerve V/2)

Question 3

What are vital structures that run through the parotid gland?

Answer 3

Nerves:
- Auriculotemporal nerve
- Cutaneous branches of facial nerve

Arteries
- Maxillary artery
- External carotid
- Superficial temporal artery

Veins
- Retromandibular veins

Question 4

List the innervation (sensory, special sensory and motor) to the tongue.

Answer 4

Sensory anterior 2/3 → Lingual nerve
Taste anterior 2/3 → Chorda tympani (CN7)
Sensory and taste posterior 1/3 → Glossopharyngeal (CN9)
Motor → Hypoglossal (CN12)

Question 5

Explain the pathway of the parotid duct

Answer 5

crosses the superficial surface of masseter and pierces through the buccinator to open posterolateral to the 2nd maxillary molar

Question 6

What are the origins and point of attachments of the upper and lower head of the lateral pterygoid muscles

Answer 6

Upper - Infratemporal fossa of sphenoid bone
Lower - Lateral surface of lateral pterygoid plate

Both condyle/joint capsule of TMJ

Question 7

What is the origin and point of attachment of temporalis

Answer 7

Origin = Temporal fossa
Point of attachment = Medial surface of coronoid process

Question 8

What are the borders of maxillary sinus
- Medial
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior

Answer 8

• Med – Nasal wall (ethmoid, lacrimal, and palatine bone)
• Ant – Inferior orbital foramen
• Lat – Zygomatic process of maxilla
• Post – Posterior wall of maxillary sinus (pterygopalatine fossa posterior)
• Sup – Orbital floor
• Inf – Near posterior maxillary teeth

Question 9

What are the borders of the pterygomandibular space
- Medial
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior

Answer 9

• Posterior  parotid
• Anterior  buccinator & superior constrictor
• Superior  lateral pterygoid
• Inferior  medial pterygoid
• Medial  medial pterygoid
• Lateral  medial ascending ramus

Question 10

What 5 key structures are within the pterygomandibular space?

Answer 10

• IAN
• Inferior alveolar artery
• Inferior alveolar vein
• Lingual nerve
• Sphenomandibular ligament

Question 11

What are the borders of the infratemporal fossa
- Medial
- Anterior
- Lateral
- Posterior
- Superior
- Inferior

Answer 11

• Posterior  styloid and condylar processes
• Anterior  maxilla
• Superior  greater wing of sphenoid
• Inferior  medial pterygoid
• Medial  sphenoid and palatine bones
• Lateral  ramus and coronoid process

Question 12

List 5 key structures in the infratemporal fossa

Answer 12

• Medial and lateral pterygoid
• Temporalis
• Maxillary artery
• Pterygoid venous plexus
• Mandibular nerve
• PSA nerve
• Chorda tympani
• Lesser petrosal nerves
• Otic ganglion

Question 13

What are the three subtriangles in the anterior triangle of the neck and what are their borders?

Answer 13

• Anterior triangle
o Digastric triangle – contains submandibular gland
 Anterior belly of digastric
 Posterior belly of digastric
o Carotid triangle – carotid, IJ and vagus bounded in carotid sheath
 Anterior border of SCM
 Posterior belly of digastric
 Superior belly of omohyoid
o Muscular triangle
 Anterior belly of digastric
 Superior belly of omohyoid
 Midline
 Inferior SCM

Question 14

What is contained within the carotid sheath

Answer 14

Carotid artery, internal jugular, vagus nerve - they are within the anterior triangle (carotid triangle)

Question 15

Which triangle contains the subclavian artery and vein?
(A) Muscular triangle
(B) Carotid triangle
(C) Occipital triangle
(D) Supraclavicular triangle

Answer 15

D)

Question 16

What are the four suprahyoid strap muscles? What are their actions?

Answer 16

• Digastric muscle
• Geniohyoid
• Mylohyoid
• Stylohyoid

All lift hyoid (digastric also depresses mandible)

Question 17

What is the function of extrinsic muscles of the tongue? What are the four, their actions and attachments.

Answer 17

Extrinsic muscles involved in movement (intrinsic change shape)
1. Hyoglossus - Hyoid to lateral of tongue –> Depresses tongue
2. Genioglossus - Genial tubercules to hyoid to floor of tongue –> Depresses tongue
3. Styloglossus –> Styloid process to lateral area of tongue –> Elevates tongue
4. Palatoglossus –> Soft palate to lateral area of tongue –> Elevates root of tongue to close oropharynx

Question 18

What type of gland is the parotid? What vessels pass through the gland?

Answer 18

o Serous gland
o Vessels through the gland:
 Facial nerve
 Auriculotemporal nerve
 Retromandibular vein
 External carotid and maxillary artery and superficial temporal artery