anatomy Flashcards
(142 cards)
1
Q
A
amelia
2
Q
A
Meromelia
3
Q
A
Polydactyly
4
Q
A
Syndactyly
5
Q
A
Syndactyly
6
Q
A
Brachydactyly
7
Q
A
Cleft hand or foot
8
Q
A
Placenta previa
marginalis
9
Q
A
Placenta previa
parietalis
10
Q
A
Placenta previa
centralis
11
Q
A
Accessory placenta
12
Q
A
Velamentous placenta
13
Q
A
Battledore placenta
14
Q
A
Placenta increta
15
Q
A
Craniopagus
16
Q
A
Pygopagus
17
Q
A
Thoracopagus
18
Q
A
Down syndrome
19
Q
A
Down syndrome
20
Q
A
Turner syndrome
21
Q
A
Too long umbilical cord
22
Q
A
True knot of
umbilical cord
23
Q
A
True knot of
umbilical cord
24
Q
A
False knot of
umbilical cord
25
Fetal surface
26
Ectopia Cordis
27
Dextrocardia
28
Complete failure of
formation of the interatrial
septum
29
Persistent truncus
| arteriosus
30
Coarctation of the
| aorta (preductal)
31
Coarctation of the
| aorta (postductal)
32
Double aortic arch
33
```
1- Clavicle.
2- Acromioclavicular joint.
3- Acromial process.
4- Coracoid process.
5- Head of the humerus.
6- Glenoid cavity.
7- Lesser tubercle.
8- Greater tubercle.
9- Intertubercular groove.
10- Spinous process of the scapula.
11- Lateral border of the scapula.
```
34
```
1- Head of the humerus.
2- Greater tubercle of the humerus.
3- Surgical neck of the humerus.
4- Glenoid cavity of the scapula. '
5- Coracoid process of the scapula
6- Lateral border of the scapula.
7- Lateral end of the clavicle.
8- Acromial process.
```
35
```
1- Head of the humerus.
2- Anatomical neck of the humerus.
3- Surgical neck of the humerus.
4- Greater tubercle of the humerus.
5- Glenoid cavity.
6- Supraglenoidtubercle .
7- Infraglenoid tubercle.
8- Lateral end of the clavicle.
9- Acromial process.
1u-Deltoid muscle.
11-Subscapularis muscle.
12-Lateral border of the scapula.
```
36
```
1-Olecranon process.
2- Lateral epicondyle of the humerus.
3- Medial epicondyle of the humerus.
4- Head of radius.
5- Neck of radius.
6- Shaft of the humerus.
7- Olecranon fossa.
```
37
```
1-Head of radius.
2- Neck of radius.
3- Radial tuberosity of radius.
4- Olecranon process of ulna.
5-Trochlea and capitulum
6- Ulna.
```
38
```
1- Radius.
2- Head of ulna.
3- Styloid process of ulna.
4- Scaphoid bone.
5- Lunate bone.
6~ Triquetrum bone.
7- Pasiform bone.
8- Trabezium bone.
9- Trabezoid bone.
10-Capitate bone.
11-Hamate bone.
```
39
```
1- Lower end of radius.
2- Lower end of ulna.
3- Styloid process of ulna.
4- Styloid process of
radius.
5- Scaphoid .
6- Lunate .
7- Triquetrum.
8- Trapezium.
9- Trapezoid.
10- Capitate.
11- Hamate.
12- 1st metatarsal.
13- Proximal phalanx of
thumb.
14- Proximal phalanx of
indix.
15- Middle phalanx of
middle finger.
16- Terminal phalanx of
middle finger.
```
40
```
1- Subclavian artery.
2- Axillary artery.
3- Brachial artery.
4- Posterior circumflex humeral artery.
5- Anterior circumflex humeral artery.
```
41
1- Brachial artery.
2- Ulnar artery.
3- Radial artery.
4- Anterior interosseus artery
42
```
1- ulnar artery.
2- Radial artery.
3- Deep palmar arch.
4- Princeps polices.
5- Radialisindicis.
```
43
```
1- Clavicle.
2- Aortic knucle.
3- Right atrium.
4- Left ventricle.
5- Apex of the heart.
6- Right cupola of the diaphragm.
7- Left cupola of the diaphragm.
8- Trachea.
9- Costodiaphragmatic recess.
10-Cardiophrenic recess.
11-Gastric air bubbles.
12-Pulmonary artery.
13- Left auricle.
14- Apex of left lung
```
44
```
1- Trachea.
2- Clavicle.
3- Coracoid process.
4- Acromioclavicular joint.
5- Head of the humeros.
6- Costodiaphragmatic recess.
7- Right cupola of diaphragm.
8- Left cupola of diaphragm.
9- Gas in the stomach fundus.
10- Aortic knucle.
11-Pulmonary trunk.
12-Left auricle.
13- Left ventricle.
14- Apex of the heart.
```
45
```
1- Arch of aorta.
2- Right ventricle.
3- Left atrium.
4- Manubrium sterni.
5- Body of the sternum.
6- Liver.
7- Left ventricle.
8- Oesophagus.
9- Trachea.
```
46
```
1- Right ventricle.
2- Ascending aorta.
3- Arch of aorta.
4- Left atrium.
5- Liver.
6- Manubrium sterni.
7- Body of the sternum.
```
47
```
1- Right lung.
2- Left lung.
3- Right atrium.
4- Left ventricle.
5- Ascending aorta.
6- Liver.
7- Superior vena cava.
8- Left atrium.
```
48
```
1- Ascending aorta.
2- Arch of aorta.
3- Innominate artery.
4- Left common carotid artery.
5- Left subclavian artery.
6- Right subclavian artery.
7- Right common carotid artery.
```
49
```
1- Ascending aorta.
2- Arch of aorta.
3- Innominate artery.
4- Left Common carotid artery.
5- Left subclavian artery.
6- Descending aorta.
```
50
```
1- Head of femur.
2- Neck of femur.
3- Obturator foramen.
4- Symphysis pubis.
5- Body of the pubis.
6- Ischial tuberosity.
7- Ilium.
8- Sacroiliac joint.
9- Acetabulum.
10- lliac cres
```
51
```
1- Popleteal surface of the femur. •
2- Shaft of tibia.
3- Shaft of fibula.
4- Patella.
5- Lateral femoral condyle.
6- Lateral tibial condyle.
7- Medial tibial condyle.
8- Medial femoral condyle.
9- Head of fibula.
```
52
```
1- Medial tibial condyle.
2- Lateral tibial condyle.
3- Head of fibula.
4- Shaft of tibia.
5- Shaft of fibula.
6- Medial malleolus.
7- Lateral malleolus.
8- Talus bone.
```
53
```
1- Calcaneus.
2- Talus.
3- Navicular.
4- Cuboid.
5- Seaamoid bone.
6- Sustentaculumtali.
7- Cuniform bones.
8- Metatarsal bones.
```
54
```
1- External iliac artery.
2- Femoral artery.
3- Profundafemoris artery.
4- Femoral artery.
5- Medial and lateral circumflex femoral artery
```
55
1- Femoral artery.
2- Profundafemoris artery.
3- Femoral artery.
4- Obturator artery.
56
```
1- Femoral artery.
2- Popliteal artery.
3- Posterior tibial artery.
4- Anterior tibial artery.
5- Superior medial genicular artery.
6- Superior lateral genicular artery.
7- Inferior medial genicular artery
```
57
```
1- Anterior tibial artery.
2- Dorsalispedis artery.
3- Posterior tibial artery.
4- Peroneal artery.
5- Lateral plantar artery.
6- Medial plantar artery.
```
58
```
The muscle marked by 21 is?
Its origin is?
Its insertion is?
The action is?
Nerve supply is?
```
Pectoralis major
Medial 2/3 of clavicle, Sternum, and abdominal
Greater tubercle of humerus
Adduction and internal rotation of arm. Shoulder flexion
Lateral pectoral nerve
59
```
Muscle marked by 21 is?
Its origin is?
Its insertion is?
The action is?
Nerve supply is?
```
Pectoralis minor
3rd to 5th rib
Coracoid process
Internal rotation and downward rotation of scapula.
Medial pectoral nerve
60
```
Muscle marked by 1 is?
Its origin is?
Its insertion is?
The action is?
Nerve supply is?
```
Trapezius
Medial one-third of superior nuchal line, spinous processes of vertebrae C7-T12
posterior border of the lateral one-third of the clavicle, acromion process, and spine of scapula
The upper fibers can elevate and upwardly rotate the scapula and extend the neck. The middle fibers adduct (retract) the scapula. The lower fibers depress
Accessory nerve
61
```
Muscle marked by 10 is?
Its origin is?
Its insertion is?
The action is?
Nerve supply is?
```
Latissimus dorsi
Spinous processes of vertebrae T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 3 or 4 ribs and inferior angle of scapula
floor of the intertubercular groove of the humerus
adduct, medially rotate, and extend the arm at the glenohumeral joint
thoracodorsal nerve
62
```
Muscle marked by 16 is?
Its origin is?
Its insertion is?
The action is?
Nerve supply is?
```
Deltoid
the anterior border and upper surface of the lateral third of the clavicle, acromion, spine of the scapula
Deltoid tuberosity
Abduction of arm, arm flexion
Axillary nerve
63
```
Supraspinatus
Its origin is?
Its insertion is?
The action is?
Nerve supply is?
```
Supraspinatus fossa
superior facet of greater tubercle of humerus
Abduction of arm
Suprascapular Nerve
64
```
Infraspinatus
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Infraspinous fossa
Greater tubercle of humerus
Abduction of arm
Suprascapular nerve (C5-C6)
65
```
This muscle is?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
```
Rhomboid major
Spinous Processes T2-T5
Medial Border of Scapula
retract, elevate and rotate the scapula
dorsal scapular nerve
66
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Rhomboids minor
spinous processes of C7-T1
Medial border of scapula
Retracts and rotates scapula, fixes scapula to thoracic wall
Dorsal scapular nerve
67
```
What is this muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Coracobrachialis
Coracoid process of scapula
Anteromedial surface of humerus
Flexion and adduction of arm
Musculocutaneous nerve
68
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Biceps brachii
Short head - Apex of the Coracoid process of the scapula
Long head - Supraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Radial tuberosity of the radius
Deep fascia of forearm (insertion of the bicipital aponeurosis)
Flexion of elbow and supination of wrist
Musculocutaneous nerve (C5- C6)
69
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Triceps brachii
Long head - infraglenoid tubercle of the scapula
Medial head - posterior surface of the humerus
Lateral head - posterior surface of the humerus
Olecranon of ulna
elbow extension
Radial nerve (C6-C8)
70
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Brachialis
anterior surface of humerus
Coronoid process of the ulna; Tuberosity of ulna
flexion of forearm
Musculocutaneous nerve; Radial nerve
71
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Flexor digitorum superficialis
humeroulnar head originates off the medial epicondyle of the humerus and the coronoid process of the ulna
The radial head originates on the upper half of the volar aspect of the radial shaft.
flexes the middle phalanges of the medial four digits at the proximal interphalangeal joints
Median nerve
72
```
36 muscle ?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Flexor digitorum profundus
Common flexor origin
four tendons (one to each of the second to fifth fingers) to the palmar base of the distal phalanx.
flex hand and both interphalangeal joints
anterior interosseous nerve and ulnar nerves
73
```
What is the muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Brachioradialis
Lateral supracondylar ridge of humerus
styloid process of radius
Forearm flexion (when semi pronated)
Radial nerve
74
```
Muscle?
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Pronator quadratus
anterior surface of ulna
anterior surface of radius
Forearm pronation
Median nerve
75
```
This muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Flexor carpi ulnaris
Common flexor origin
base of the fifth metacarpal bone
ulnar nerve
76
```
What is this muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Extensor digitorum
common extensor origin
Extensor expansions of digits 2-5
Interphalangeal joints 2-5: Finger extension
Posterior interosseous nerve
77
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Supinator muscle
Lateral epicondyle of humerus
Lateral, posterior, and anterior surfaces of proximal third of radius
Forearm supination
Posterior interosseous nerve
78
Structure marked by 7 is
Origin
End
main branches
Median nerve
lateral and medial cords of the brachial plexus
terminates in carpal tunnel
anterior interosseus nerve, common palmar digital nerves, cutaneous nerve of palm
79
Structure 7 when injured causes
Ape hand
| Hand muscle atrophy
80
This is a
Origin
End
Main branches
Radial Nerve
terminal branch of the posterior cord of the brachial plexus
posterior compartment of the forearm
posterior interosseous branch and superficial radial nerve.
81
Radial nerve deformity
wrist drop
82
Structured marked by 13 is
origin
end
branches
Ulnar nerve
medial cord of the brachial plexus
It terminates by supplying the adductor pollicis
Muscular branches, articular branches, palmar cutaneous branch, dorsal cutaneous branch, superficial branch, deep branch
83
Ulnar nerve deformity
Claw hand, loss of adduction
84
What is this
origin
End
Branches
Axillary nerve
Posterior cord of brachial plexus
Suppling deltoid muscle
Anterior, posterior, articular branches
85
Axillary nerve deformity
wasting of deltoid
86
```
This muscle 10 is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Gluteus maximus
Lateroposterior surface of sacrum and coccyx, Gluteal surface of ilium
Iliotibial tract, Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Thigh extension, Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction, Thigh adduction
Inferior gluteal nerve
87
```
Muscle 12
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Gluteus medius
Gluteal surface of ilium
greater trochanter of femur
Thigh abduction, Thigh internal rotation
Superior gluteal nerve
88
```
What is this muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Gluteus minor
Gluteal surface of ilium
greater trochanter of femur
Thigh abduction, Thigh internal rotation
Superior gluteal nerve
89
```
muscle 18 is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Tensor fascia latae
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS), Outer lip of iliac crest
Iliotibial tract
Thigh internal rotation Leg external rotation,
Superior gluteal nerve
90
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Iliacus
Iliac fossa
Lesser trochanter of femur
Thigh/trunk flexion, Thigh external rotation;
Femoral nerve
91
```
Muscle 5 is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Obturator internus
Ischiopubic ramus, Posterior surface of obturator membrane
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction
Nerve to obturator internus
92
```
This muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Obturator externus
Anterior surface of obturator membrane
Trochanteric fossa of femur
Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction
Obturator nerve
93
```
4 muscle is
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Superior gemellus
Ischial spine
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction
Nerve to obturator internus
94
```
muscle number 5
Origin
Insertion
Action
nerve supply
```
Inferior gemellus muscle
Ischial tuberosity
Medial surface of greater trochanter of femur
Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction
Nerve to quadratus femoris
95
```
Muscle 3
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Piriformis
Anterior surface of the sacrum Gluteal surface of ilium
Apex of greater trochanter of femur
Thigh external rotation, Thigh abduction
Nerve to piriformis
96
```
Muscle 8
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Quadratus femoris
Ischial tuberosity
Intertrochanteric crest of femur
Thigh external rotation
Nerve to quadratus femoris
97
```
muscle 6
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Sartorius
Anterior superior iliac spine (ASIS)
Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle
Thigh flexion, Thigh abduction, Thigh external rotation
Femoral nerve
98
```
muscle 7
origin
insertion
action
nerve
```
Anterior inferior iliac spine
Tibial tuberosity, Patella
Thigh flexion, leg extension
femoral nerve
99
```
muscle 22
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Vastus intermedius
Anterior surface of femoral shaft
Tibial tuberosity, Patella
Leg extension
Femoral nerve
100
```
Muscle 9
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
```
Vastus lateralis
Linea aspera of femur, Greater trochanter of
femur
Tibial tuberosity, Patella
Leg extension
Femoral nerve
101
```
Muscle 18
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Vastus medialis
linea aspera, medial supracondylar line of femur
Tibial tuberosity, Patella
Leg extension
Femoral nerve
102
```
muscle 22
origin
insertion
action
nerve
```
Semimembranosus
Ischial tuberosity
Medial condyle of tibia
Leg flexion, Leg internal rotation;
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
103
```
muscle 6
Origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
semitendinosus
Ischial tuberosity
Proximal end of tibia below medial condyle
Leg flexion, Leg internal rotation
Tibial division of sciatic nerve
104
```
muscle 17
origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
Biceps femoris
Long head: Ischial tuberosity
Short head: Linea aspera of femur Lateral supracondylar line of femur
Head of fibula
Leg flexion, Leg external rotation
Long head: Tibial division of sciatic nerve
Short head: Common fibular division of sciatic nerve
105
```
muscle
Origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
pectineus
Superior pubic ramus
Linea aspera of femur
Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh
external rotation, Thigh internal rotation
Femoral nerve
106
```
Muscle
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Adductor magnus
Inferior pubic ramus, Ischial tuberosity
Gluteal tuberosity, adductor tubercle
Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh
external rotation, Thigh extension, Thigh internal rotation
Obturator nerve, tibial division of sciatic nerve
107
```
muscle
origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
adductor minimus
Inferior public ramus
Gluteal tuberosity of femur
Thigh adduction, Thigh external rotation
Obturator nerve
108
```
muscle
origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
Adductor longus
Anterior body of pubis
Linea aspera of femur
Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh external rotation
Obturator nerve
109
```
muscle
origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
Adductor brevis
Inferior pubic ramus
Linea aspera of femur
Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction, Thigh
external rotation
Obturator nerve
110
```
Action
origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
gracilis
Anterior body of pubis
Medial surface of proximal tibia
Thigh flexion, Thigh adduction; Leg flexion, Leg internal rotation
Obturator nerve
111
```
muscle 15
origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
Tibialis anterior
Lateral tibial condyle
Medial cuneiform bone,
Foot dorsiflexion, Foot inversion;
112
```
muscle 19
Origin
insertion
action
nerve supply
```
extensor hallucis longus
Medial surface of fibula
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Toe extension; Foot dorsiflexion
deep fibular nerve
113
```
Muscle 16
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Extensor digitorum longus
Medial surface of fibula, Lateral tibial condyle
Distal and middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Toe extension, Foot dorsiflexion, Foot eversion
Deep fibular nerve
114
```
Muscle 8
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve
```
Fibularis tertius
Medial surface of fibula
Dorsal surface of base of metatarsal bone 5
Foot dorsiflexion; Foot eversion
Deep fibular nerve
115
```
Muscle 5
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Fibularis longus
Head of fibula, Proximal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Medial cuneiform bone
plantar flexion, Foot eversion
Superficial fibular nerve
116
```
Muscle 6
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Fibularis brevis
Distal 2/3 of lateral surface of fibula
Tuberosity of metatarsal bone 5
Foot plantar flexion, foot eversion
Superficial fibular nerve
117
```
Muscle 16
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Gastrocnemius
Posterolateral surface of lateral/medial femoral condyle
Posterior surface of calcaneus
Foot planter flexion, kneed flexion
Tibial nerve
118
```
Muscle 17
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Soleus
Soleal line, Medial border of tibia, Head of fibula, Posterior border of fibula
Posterior surface of calcaneus
foot plantar flexion
Tibial nerve
119
```
Muscle 12
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Plantaris
Lateral supracondylar line of femur
Posterior surface of calcaneus
Foot plantar flexion; Knee flexion
Tibial nerve
120
```
Muscle 20
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Popliteus muscle
Lateral femoral condyle
Posterior surface of proximal tibia
unlocks knee joint
Tibial nerve
121
```
Muscle 10
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
tibialis posterior
Posterior surface of tibia, Posterior surface of fibula
Tuberosity of navicular bone, All cuneiform bones
Foot plantar flexion; Foot inversion
Tibial nerve
122
```
muscle 3
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Flexor digitorum longus
posterior surface of tibia
Bases of distal phalanges of digits 2-5
Toe flexion; Foot plantar flexion; Foot inversion
Tibial nerve
123
```
Muscle 11
Origin
Insertion
Action
Nerve supply
```
Flexor hallucis longus
Posterior surface of fibula, Interosseous membrane
Base of distal phalanx of great toe
Toe flexion, Foot plantar flexion; Foot inversion
Tibial nerve
124
Nerve 23
Origin
End
Branches
Femoral nerve
dorsal divisions of the L2-L4 ventral rami
terminates as the saphenous nerve
Nerve to pectineus, nerve to sartorius, Medial femoral cutaneous nerve of thigh, intermediate femoral cutaneous nerve of thigh, saphenous nerve
125
nerve 22
Origin
End
Branches
Sciatic nerve
anterior rami of the lower lumbar and upper sacral spinal nerves
terminates by dividing into two terminal branches:
The tibial nerve, The common fibular (peroneal) nerve
Muscular branches of sciatic nerve, tibial nerve, common fibular (peroneal) nerve
126
Deformities of Sciatic nerve
Drop foot
127
Femoral nerve deformities
Wasting of quadriceps muscle
128
```
Nerve 43
origin
end
Branches
deformities
```
Common fibular nerve
terminal branch of the sciatic nerve
dividing into the superficial and deep fibular (peroneal) nerves
deep and superficial peroneal nerve
equinovarus foot deformity
129
equinovarus foot deformity
130
```
40 is
origin
End
Branches
deformities
```
Tibial nerve
L4-S3 spinal nerve
deep to the flexor retinaculum
medial plantar nerve and the lateral plantar nerve
Dorsiflexion and eversion of foot
131
what is 15
femoral artery
132
14 is
Popliteal artery
133
21 and 22 are
Anterior tibial artery, posterior tibial artery
134
this is
Dorsalis pedis artery
135
The trunk on the very left of the heart is
pulmonary trunk
136
SVC
Origin
End
Branches/ tributaries
Formed by the union of 2 brachiocephalic veins
Ends by opening into right atrium
Azygos vein
137
28 is
left vagus nerve
138
32 is
| Its branches are
Phrenic nerve
Motor: Diaphragm
Sensory: pericardium, mediastinal and diaphragmatic pleura, serous membranes.
139
Trachea
Beg
End
Length
Neck, continuation of larynx
Ends in thorax at sternal angle
10-12 cm long
140
```
Esophagus
Beg
End
Length
Blood supply
```
begins in neck, continuation of pharynx
End in stomach
25 cm
Esophageal branches of the thoracic aorta, azygos, hemiazygos, accessory hemiazygos veins
141
Joints related to maniburum
Maniburo-sternal joint
4 costochondral joint
Sternoclavicular joint
142
Joints related to sternum
Manubriosternal joint
| 12 Sternocostal joints
