Anatomy Flashcards
(47 cards)
what pharyngeal pouch is the thyroid derived from?
Foramen cecum (Endoderm)
Posterior mediastinum organs?
oesophagus, descending thoracic aorta, azygos hemiazygos veins, thoracic duct.
Superior Mediastinum organs?
thymus, trachea, esophagus, thoracic duct, aortic arch, veins (superior vena cava, brachiocephalic, left superior intercostal), nerves (vagus, phrenic, left recurrent laryngeal)
(Try To Eat Toast And Vitamins Now Little Oliver)
what nerve supplies the anterior part of nasal septum?
Anterior ethmoidal nerve (CN V1)
what part of the nasal septum does the medial posterior superior nasal nerve supply ?
inferior/posterior part of the nasal septum
what bacteria and other causes can cause acquired rhabdomyolysis?
Streptococcus and Clostridium difficile.
causes of acquired rhabdomyolysis include: heroin, cocaine, infection (steptococcus and clostridium) , ethanol, malignant hyperthermia.
Mechanism of action of Aspirin?
Inhibits platelets aggregation by COX.
COX is needed for thromboxane A2 synthesis which causes platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction
what part of the genitourinary tract is derived from mesoderm?
Trigone of the bladder
what is MEN 1?
3 Ps. pituitary adenoma, parathyroid hyperplasia, pancreas tumours
what is MEN 2A?
parathyroid hyperplasia, medullary thyroid cancer, pheochromocytoma
what is MEN 2B?
Mucosal Neuromas, marfanoids habitus, pheochromocytoma, medullary thyroid cancer
what are the symptoms of adddison disease?
Abdominal pain, fever, diarrhea. hypotension. drop in cortisol
patient presents with weight loss, microcytic anaemia and palpable left supraclavicular lymph nodes. what is the diagnosis?
Gastric cancer. virchow’s nodes are more likely involved with gastric cancers than other GI cancers
Difference between ACL injury and medial meniscus tear?
ACL causes immediate symptoms (swelling and pain). medial meniscus tear has delayed symptoms and often no history of trauma.
Appropriate fluid maintenance for post operative patients in a normal uncomplicated procedure?
Oral fluids only
what is fluid of choice for pre-operative patient
Plasmalyte 1L over 8 hrs
fluid choice for a post operative hypotensive patient ?
500 ml bolus 0.9% normal saline.
250 mls if elderly or cardiac problems.
Patient coming in for an elective hernia repair was found to have HbA1c of 72 mmol/L. what is the appropriate management?
Reschedule the surgery
In burn injuries in children, at what % of burn do you start fluid resuscitation?
10% of the total body burnt
fluid resus = (3ml x %burn x kg)
Management of 2 day old contaminated wound that was slashed with glass?
High pressure irrigation with syringe and green needle– as the wound is contaminated
closure with secondary intention
X-ray to rule out more glass fragments stuck in skin
Tx of full thickness burns involving the back (10% total burn area?)
Surgical debridement and split thickness graft.
Full thickness skin graft is only useful is small burnt area
Difference between IM nailing and external fixation approaches in children?
IM nailing is done in children with a closed physis.
External fixation is done in children with open physis
what type of pts benefit from PEG/ NG tube
Unsafe swallow pts (after stroke for eg)
Most appropriate nutrition option for pts with short gut syndrome (<60cms)?
TPN. as not enough surface area for absorption of nutrients
