anatomy Flashcards by Molly Kat

The mandibular branch of the trigeminal nerve provides innervation to muscles from which pharyngeal arch?

1st pharyngeal arch derivatives which are the tensor veli palatini, tensor tympani, anterior belly of digastric, and mylohyoid

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The trigeminal nerve gives rise to three main divisions. Which branch is the only one to contain motor fibres, and which muscles does it innervate??

mandibular. It innervates the muscles of mastication: medial pterygoid, lateral pterygoid, masseter and temporalis.

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The maxillary nerve exits the cranium through which structure?

foramen rotundum; The maxillary nerve arises from the trigeminal ganglion, travels along the lateral wall of the cavernous sinus and then exits the cranium via the foramen rotundum (sphenoid bone).

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what does the floor consist of in oral cavity?

muscular diaphragm(mylohyoid m., geniohyoid m., and the tongue)

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what does the posterior aperture in the oral cavity consist of?

oropharyngeal isthmus

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what is the oropharyngeal isthmus bound to anteriorly and posteriorly?

anteriorly to palatoglossal arch and posteriorly to palatopharyngeal arch

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what are the borders of the oral vestibule??

anteriorly and laterally is the labia oris (lips) and Bucca (cheeks).
posteriorly and medially are the teeth and gums.

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what’re the two muscles that act on the palate?

levator veli palatini m. CN X
tensor veli palatini CN V3(mandibular n.)

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what’re the functions and innervations of levator veli palatini and tensor veli palatini muscles?

-levator veli palatini m. CN X: elevates palate
-tensor veli palatini CN V3(mandibular n.): tenses up the palate

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Peristalsis

These muscular contractions occur in wavelike patterns in the esophagus and small intestine as they move food through the organs.

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***what are the lymphatics of the cheeks?

submandibular and parotid nodes

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what are the arteries of the cheeks?

transverse facial a.(branch of superficial temporal artery)
buccal artery
infraorbital a. (branch of the maxilary a.)

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what are the sublingual gland and submandibular gland innervations?

via the chorda tympani, which carries fibers that originate from the facial nerve (CN VII)

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what’s the difference b/w endocrine and exocrine glands?

-endocrine gland: has no ducts, it secretes directly to blood
-exocrine gland: has ducts, it secretes to digestive system

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what is the structure formed by the 3rd molar teeth when the jaw is closed?

retromolar triangle

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Arteries of lips:

Superior labial artery, inferior labial artery
(branches of facial artery)

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***what is the Lymphatic drainage of lips:

central part of
lower lip drains into submental
nodes, while the rest of the lips drain into the submandibular nodes

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what’s the arterial supply of the muscles of mastication?

maxillary arterial branch of the external carotid artery

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what’s the nerve supply for the muscles of mastication?

mandibular nerve branch of the trigeminal nerve

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what is the sensory innervation of the lower teeth on the mandible?

Inferior alveolar nerve
The mandibular teeth are primarily supplied by the inferior alveolar nerve which is a branch of the mandibular nerve (third division of the trigeminal nerve).

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which artery supplies the lower teeth on the mandible?

The inferior alveolar artery is the main blood supply to the mandible bone. The perfusion territory of the inferior alveolar artery includes the lower jaw gingivae and teeth.

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*Innervation of lips:

-sensory innervation of upper lip by maxillary nerve,
-sensory innervation of lower lip by mandibular nerve

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what are the borders of the cheek(BUCCA)?

-Extends nasolabial sulcus medially,
-zygomatic arc superiorly,
-base of mandible inferiorly

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name the structures present in the buccal region?

cheeks
gingivae (gums)
inner lip

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name the structures present in the sublingual region?

ventral(lower) side of the tongue floor of the mouth

Arteries of the cheeks:

-Transverse facial artery -Buccal artery -Infraorbital artery(branch of maxillary a.)

-the lingual side of the gingiva/gums is supplied by branches from the ....... of the tongue. -the buccal (region of the oral vestibule)gingiva on the lower teeth is supplied by .........artery? -the buccal (region of the oral vestibule)gingiva on the upper teeth is supplied by .........artery? -Palatal gingiva(upper gums on palate) is supplied by branches from the ........arteries?

-lingual artery. -inferior alveolar artery. -anterior superior alveolar a. &posterior superior alveolar a. -greater palatine and nasopalatine arteries

where do the VEINS of the gingiva drain into?

PTERYGOID(belonging to the skull) PLEXUS

what are the structures located on the hard palate?

1)transverse palatine folds(palatine rugae) 2)palatine raphe(line that moves across the hard palate) 3)incisive papilla 4)incisive foramen

what're the muscles of the soft palate and their innervations?

1)palatoglossus- pharyngeal plexus 2)palatopharyngeus- pharyngeal plexus 3)tensor veli palatini- mandibular nerve 4)levator veli palatini- pharyngeal plexus 5)uvula-pharyngeal plexus

what are the arteries of the palate?

greater palatine artery ascending palatine artery ascending pharyngeal artery

all teeth are are supplied directly or indirectly from the ............... artery? all upper teeth are supplied by .................. arteries? all lower teeth are supplied by ................ arteries?

-maxillary artery -anterior superior alveolar a. and posterior superior alveolar a. (branch of maxillary a.) -inferior alveolar a. (branch of maxillary a.)

general tongue sensation s by .............. nerve special tongue sensation is by ............. nerve

both supply the ant 2/3 of tongue: -lingual n (manibular n.) -chorda tympani(facial n.)

(Direct)The ............... originates directly from the maxillary nerve [V2] ,(Indirect)while the anterior superior alveolar nerve originates from the .............., supplies the canine and incisor teeth

posterior superior alveolar nerve infra-orbital nerve, which is a branch of the maxillary nerve

what're the structures present in the Body/anterior (presulcal) part of the tongue?

fungiform pap. filiform pap. foliate pap. vallate papilla median sulcus (overlying the the lingual septum)

what're the structures present in the Root/posterior (postsulcal) part of the tongue?

palatoglossus m. palatine tonsils *lingual tonsils foramen cecum *Median glossoepiglottic fold *Lateral glossoepiglottic fold *Epiglottic vallecula

which of the papillae have mechanical or taste functions?

taste functions: fungiform, circumVALLATE, conic papilla mech functions: filiform and fungiform pap.

what structure on the tongue separates the anterior/body part from the posterior/root part?

terminal sulcus

what nerve innervates the *3rd molar teeth* ;It is sensory to the anterior two thirds of the tongue, the floor of the mouth, and the lingual gingivae?

lingual nerve

which nerve carries special taste fibers from the anterior two thirds of the tongue, and carries secretomotor fibers for the submandibular and sublingual salivary glands plus other glands?

chorda tympani (from facial n)

which main muscle of the tongue which protrudes and depresses the tongue?

genioglossus m.

lingual septum **

(coronal section)prolly in practical

all of the tongue muscles, intrinsic and extrinsic, are innervated by .................. nerve, except for .............. muscle

hypoglossa nerve 12 except for palatoglossal muscle, which is innervated by vagus nerve (pharyngeal plexus)

For special sensation (taste), this part of the tongue, except for the .............. papillae, is supplied the chorda tympani nerve, a branch of CN VII.

vallate

function of the genioglossus m.?

protrudes tongue and depresses center of the tongue

Salivary glands secrete into the oral cavity; so they are known as..........?

exocrine glands(has ducts)

The parotid gland penetrates the .................. muscle of the cheek and open into the oral cavity adjacent to the crown of the ............ upper molar tooth.

buccinator second

what're the patorid gland's parasympathetic innervations?

parasympathetic->inc. GIS motility and secretion: 1)glossopharyngeal nerve- 2-otic ganglion (preganglionic) 3)Auriculotemporal nerve(branch of mandibular n.) (postganglionic)

The .................. duct emerges from the medial side of the deep part of the gland in the oral cavity

submandibular

The ............ nerve loops under the submandibular duct, anteromedially through the floor of the oral cavity

lingual

the sublingual and submandibular glands wrap around which muscle?

mylohyoid m.

what are the arteries of the submandibular gland?

facial a. and lingual a.

Where does the small intestine drains into first?

Caecum

……….is the peritoneal-covered accumulations of fat and are associated with the colon?

Omental appendices

..........................a major element of soft palate to which the other muscles of the palate attach to

Palatine aponeurosis

Which artery is present in the anterior surface of the NECK of pancreas?

Gastroduodenal artery and Superior Pancreaticoduodenal artery

What are the artery and veins present posteriorly to the the NECK of pancreas?

Portal vein and Superior mesenteric artery and vein

What are the structures present in the superior border of body of pancreas?

C.O.C.S Celiac trunk Omental eminence Celiac ganglia Splenic artery

The tail of pancreas is referred to as ………. Bcz it’s covered by mesothelium. While the rest of the pancreas is known as …….?

Intraperitoneal Retroperitoneal

Where does the pancreatic duct drains into?

Descending duodenum

What is the pancreas innervation?

Celiac plexus; greater and lesser splanchnic nerve, and vagal nerve(to inc secretion)

What is the region of the spleen?

Left hypochondriac region, left upper quadrant of the abdomen

What is the region of the pancreas?

Epigastric region (body, neck,head, uncinate process) and left hypochondriac region (tail)

What are the 3 ways to approach the pancreas?

1) lesser omentum 2) gastrocolic ligament 3) transverse mesocolon

Bcz the spleen is covered by a visceral peritoneum it is referred to as………..?

Intraperitoneal organ

What are the surface markings of the Traube’s space?

 left sixth rib superiorly,  left mid axillary line laterally  left costal margin inferiorly

What is the content of the Traube’s space and is it used to for?

Content: fundus of stomach It is used to examine the spleen

What are the spleen innervations?

Celiac plexus Splenic plexus Greater splanchnic nerve Vagus nerve

Between the ………. And ……… peritoneums is the peritoneal cavity?

Parietal and visceral peritoneum

What are the innervations for the parietal peritoneum?

1)T6-T12 intercostal nerves 2)L1 3)Diaphragmatic region:Phrenic nerve 4) pelvic region: Obturatorius nerve and *Pudendal nerve*

The peritoneal cavity is divided into 2 parts? Name the location of those 2 parts?

Greater sac, which extends from the diphragm to pelvic region. And Lesser sac, which is behind the stomach.

How do the greater and lesser sacs communicate?

Through the Epiploic foramen

What is the difference between intraperitoneum and retroperitoneum ?

The intraperitoneum organ is covered by visceral layer from all sides The retroperitoneal organ is covered by the visceral layer from anterior and lateral side

Which organs are intraperitoneal?

SALTD SPRSS; Stomach Appendix Liver Transverse colon Duodenum(1st part only) Small intestine (jejunum&ileum) Pancreas (only the tail) Rectum (upper third) Spleen Sigmoid colon

The intraperitoneal organs attach to the …………..

mesenterium

What’re the structures inside the Gastrolienal(splenic) ligament?

Left gastroepiploic(omental) artery Small gastric arteries

What’re the structures inside the (spleno)Lienorenal ligament?

Splenic artery and vein Cauda of pancreas

Circular folds or plicae circulares or valvulae conniventes are folds of the mucosa and submucosa of the ………..?

Small intestine (jejunum and ileum)

the ........ connects greater sac to lesser sac(omental bursa)

omental foramen (epiploic foramen, foramen of Winslow), is the passage of communication, or foramen, between the greater sac (general cavity (of the abdomen)), and the lesser sac.

left gastric artery supplies?

the upper right portions of the fundus and body of the stomach, as well as the distal (abdominal) esophagus.

right gastric artery supplies?

lesser curvature of stomach

what gives off esophageal artery branches?

left gastric artery

what is located posterior of descending part of duodenum?

helium of right kidney

most duodenal ulcers occur in the ...........?

ampulla or duodenal cap

posterior ulcers perforate the ................... artery and bleeds?

gastroduodenal artery

what is the weakest part of the esophagus?

laimer triangle

what are the branches of the common hepatic artery?

-right gastric artery. -proper hepatic artery. -gastroduodenal artery.

***what are the contents of the hepatoduodenal ligament

portal vein & artery, hepatic artery bile duct.

the hepatoduodenal ligament is part of the .....?

lesser omentum

***what are the neighbors of the horizontal part L3 of the Anterior surface of the inferior duodenum?

-root of mesentery -superior mesenteric artery and vein

the ............ is located at the paraduodenal recess

inferior mesenteric artery

the .............. is held in position by the ligament of Treitz

duoodenujejunal flexure T10

which part of the duodenum are intraperitoneal(has mesentery) or retroperitoneal?

-intraperitoneal: just the superior part; Ampulla(duodenal cap) -retroperitoneal parts are the descending part, horizontal part, and ascending part

what are the arteries of the duodenum?

1-right gastric artery* 2-supraduodenal artery 3-right gastroepiploic(gastroomental) artery* 4-superior pancreaticoduodenal artery 5-inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery

the rectus abdominus muscle is supplied by which artery?

superior epigastric artery

The anterolateral abdominal wall is bounded by all of the following structures except

linea alba

what does the pelvic splanchnic nerve (erigentes) innervate?

1/3 transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum and anal canal

plicae circularis are found in the........?

jejunum

*which nerves innervate the external anal sphincter?

-pudendal nerve -perineal branches of 4th sacral spinal nerve -inferior rectal nerves

*which nerves innervate the internal anal sphincter?

inferior hypogastric plexus

the superior epigastric artery is a branch of which artery?

internal thoracic artery

the inferior epigastric artery is a branch of which artery?

external iliac artery

what does the pudendal vessel supply?

rectum, anal canal, and external sphincter

*Which structures crosses the root of mesentery?

Horizontal part of duodenum Inferior vena cava Abdominal Aorta Right psoas major Right ureter Right gonadal(genital) artery

what are the structures that the mesentery crosses?

The ……… and ……… drains into the and forms the Cisterna chyli

Right lumbar trunk and left lumbar trunk

anatomy Flashcards

(106 cards)