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MSKD week 2 > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

function of piriformis, gemellus superior, obturator internus, and gemellus inferior?

A

lateral rotation of thigh and and abduction of the femur

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2
Q

function of quadratus femoris?

A

lateral rotator of the thigh ONLY

*not an abductor like the rest

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3
Q

gemmelus superior innervation:

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

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4
Q

obturator internus innervation:

A

nerve to obturator internus (L5, S1)

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5
Q

piriformis innervation:

A

nerve to piriformis (S1 and S2)

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6
Q

gemmellus inferior innervation:

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

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7
Q

quadratus femoris innervation:

A

nerve to quadratus femoris (L5, S1)

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8
Q

tensor fasciae lata function:

A

abducts femur
stabilizes the knee in extension

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9
Q

tensor fasciae lata innervation:

A

superior gluteal nerve

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10
Q

gluteus maximus function:

A

hip/thigh extension, abduction and lateral rotator of the thigh, lateral stabilizer of hip/knee

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11
Q

gluteus maximus innervation:

A

inferior gluteal nerve

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12
Q

gluteus medius/minimus function:

A

hip abductors, medially rotate thigh

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13
Q

gluteus medius/minimus innervation:

A

superior gluteal nerve

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14
Q

what is piriformis syndrome?

A

sciatic nerve protrudes through the piriformis muscle.

sx:
cramp in buttock region
tingling to posterior thigh
pain radiating down post. leg
muscle weakness of lower limb

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15
Q

what causes trochanteric bursitis?

A

bursal sacs (membrane bound fluid sacs) surrounding the greater trochanter of the femur. bursITIS is inflammation of the sacs

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16
Q

what helps support the pelvis during the swing phase of a normal gait?

A

gluteus medius and minimus contract and abduct the pelvis on the fixed femur on the OPPOSITE side of the unsupported pelvis

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17
Q

what is a positive Trendelenburg sign?

A

indicative of superior gluteal artery damage - issues with gluteus medius and minimus

the pelvis on the unsupported side drops when the patient stands on the SIDE OF THE AFFECTED LIMB/PLANTED FOOT

signs: waddling gait

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18
Q

where is the safe injection site of the posterior hip?

A

upper right (lateral) quadrant, near the highest point of the iliac crest

reason: avoids any major nerves

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19
Q

what are the branches of cutaneous innervation of the gluteal region (innervation to skin)?

A

superior cluneal
inferior cluneal
medial cluneal
iliohyphogastric

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20
Q

what nerve innervates the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

femoral nerve

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21
Q

what nerve innervates the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

obturator nerve

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22
Q

what nerve innervates the posterior compartment of the thigh, leg, and sole of foot?

A

sciatic nerve

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23
Q

overall function of posterior compartment of thigh?

A

extensors of thigh
flexors of the knee

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24
Q

overall function of the anterior compartment of the thigh?

A

flexors of the thigh
extensors of the knee

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25
Q

overall function of the medial compartment of the thigh?

A

adductors of the thigh
(exception=adductor magnus)

26
Q

functions of semintendinosus and semimembranosus:

A

extend thigh at the hip, flex the leg at the knee

27
Q

semimembranosus and semitendinosus innervation:

A

sciatic nerve - tibial branch (post comp)

28
Q

biceps femoris function:

A

long head: flex leg at the knee, extend thigh at the hip

short head: flex leg at the knee (origin not near hip joint)

29
Q

sciatic nerve branches:

A

tibial (L4-S3)
common fibular (L4-S2)

30
Q

where does the sciatic nerve exit the pelvis:

A

typically below the piriformis
separates into branches proximal to popliteal fossa

31
Q

muscles that border the popliteal fossa:

A

superior med: semitendinosus, semimembranosus

super lat: biceps femoris

inferior lat: plantaris, lateral head gastrocnemius

inferior med: medial head gastrocnemius

32
Q

superficial to deep arrangement of popliteal fossa:

A

tibial nerve (and common fibular)
popliteal vein
popliteal artery

33
Q

what x2 tendons form the greater and lesser sciatic foramen?

A

sacrospinous and sacrotuberous

34
Q

what action does the iliofemoral ligament prevent:

A

anterior on the femur
prevents hyperextension

35
Q

what action does the pubofemoral ligament prevent:

A

attaches to medial femur
prevents hyperabduction

36
Q

articular surface of the acetabulum

A

lunate surface

37
Q

“cup” of the acetabulum

A

acetabular labrum
external to the articulation
deepens/supports the cup?

38
Q

name of the ligament inside the acetabular fossa:

A

ligamentum teres

39
Q

ligament that is the floor of the acetabulum:

A

transverse acetabular ligament

40
Q

3 ligaments that form the acetabulum joint capsule:

A

ischiofemoral
pubiofemoral
iliofemoral

41
Q

what arteries form the retinacular branches?

A

medial and lateral circumflex arteries
supply femoral neck?

42
Q

which branch supplies the blood to the femoral head?

A

obturator artery (from internal iliac)

43
Q

what branches form the cruciate anastomosis?

A

medial circumflex
lateral circumflex
1st perforating branch of profunda femoris
inferior gluteal artery

44
Q

what does the medial circumflex artery supply?

A

mainly the intracapsular region of the femoral neck
underneath the joint ligaments?

45
Q

damage to what artery can cause avascular necrosis (AVM) of the femoral neck?

A

ascending branch medial circumflex

46
Q

intracapsular tronchanteric fractures

A

inside the capsule ligaments
damages retinacular arteries
compromises blood supply to head
risk of avascular necrosis

47
Q

extracapsular trochanteric fractures

A

does not affect the blood supply to the joint
outside of the capsule

48
Q

result of both extracapsular and intracapsular fractures:

A

external rotation with some shortening of the leg

49
Q

tensor fasciae lata origin/insertion

A

anterior superior iliac spine
iliotibial band

50
Q

gluteus maximus origin/insertion:

A

posterior superior iliac crest
iliotibial band, gluteal tuberosity on posterior femoral surface

51
Q

gluteus medius origin/insertion:

A

posterior ilium
greater trochanter of femur

52
Q

gluteus minimus
origin/insertion:

A

outer surface of ilium (laterally)
greater trochanter

53
Q

piriformis origin/insertion:

A

anterior surface of sacrum
medial side of greater trochanter

54
Q

gemellus superior origin/attachment:

A

posterior ischial spine
medial greater trochanter/along the length of obturator internus

55
Q

obturator internus origin/attachment:

A

anterolateral wall of pelvis (bottom hole)
medial greater trochanter

56
Q

gemmelus inferior origin/insertion:

A

upper aspect of ischial tuberosity
inferior surface of obturator internus/medial greater trochanter

57
Q

quadratus femoris origin/insertion:

A

lateral aspect of ischium (right above tuberosity)
quadrate tubercle of intertrochanteric crest

58
Q

semitendinosus origin/insertion:

A

ischial tuberosity
superior aspect of medial tibial shaft

59
Q

semimembranosus origin/insertion:

A

ischial tuberosity
posterior medial tibial condyle

60
Q

biceps femoris origin/insertion:

A

long head:
ischial tuberosity
fibula

short head:
upper femur
fibula

MSKD week 2 (8 decks)

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