Anatomy

Question 1

What are 2 reasons the stomach is inaccessible during physical exam in equine patients?

Answer 1

the stomach does not touch the abdominal floor
the stomach is located in the intrathoracic part of the abdominal cavity

Question 2

Which side of the horse is the stomach located on?

Answer 2

left

Question 3

This is the name of the demarcation between glandular stomach and non-glandular stomach in equine?

Answer 3

margo plicatus

Question 4

the greater omentum in equine is attached to the _____________.

Answer 4

transverse colon

Question 5

Which side of the horse is the spleen located on?

Answer 5

left

Question 6

The renosplenic/nephrosplenic ligament connects the spleen and left kidney in equine. What is the clinical significance of this structure?

Answer 6

renosplenic/nephrosplenic entrapment – left colon lodges where ligament connects the two organs

Question 7

does the horse have a papillary process of their liver?

Answer 7

no

Question 8

why is it difficult to obtain a liver biopsy in equine patients?

Answer 8

the liver is completely overlapped by the lungs and within the thoracic cage

Question 9

The right liver lobe progressively becomes smaller due to repeated episodes of impaction by the right dorsal colon. What is this called?

Answer 9

pressure atrophy

Question 10

Which side of the horse is the pancreas located on?

Answer 10

right

Question 11

in the horse, the major and minor duodenal papillae arrangement is unique in that…

Answer 11

they are opposite of each other

Question 12

What is the hepatopancreatic ampulla in horses?

Answer 12

a small cavity into which the bile duct and pancreatic duct empty side by side into the major duodenal papilla

Question 13

the equine duodenum has small or large diameter?

Answer 13

small

Question 14

Where is the jejunum located in equine?

Answer 14

left dorsal abdomen

Question 15

what are 3 clinical significance’s of the jejunum and ileum in horses?

Answer 15

volvulus
intussusception
entrapment and incarceration into epiploic foramen or tunica vaginalis

Question 16

Which incarceration is more common in equine?

Answer 16

antegrade (right –> left; jejunum enters omental bursa via epiploic foramen)

Question 17

what is an equine structure that is comprised of annular folds of mucous membrane and engorged veins that create a vascular sphincter? This is also a site for intussusception

Answer 17

ileal papilla

Question 18

where is the location of a equine cecum?

Answer 18

right paralumbar fossa (base)
floor of abdomen between ventral ascending colons (body)
caudal to xiphoid process (apex, pointing cranially)

Question 19

how many tinea does the equine cecum have?

Answer 19

4
dorsal – ileocecal fold
ventral –
medial –
lateral – cecocolic fold

Question 20

what is the clinical significance of cecal orifices such as the ileocecal and cecocolic in equine?

Answer 20

site of intussusception and cecal impaction

Question 21

how many sacculations and tinea does the right ventral colon, sternal flexure, and left ventral colon have in equine?

Answer 21

4 of each

Question 22

which vessel supplies the right ventral colon, sternal flexure, and left ventral colon in equine?

Answer 22

colic artery

Question 23

how many tinea does the pelvic flexure have in equine?

Answer 23

1

Question 24

how many tinea and sacculations does the left dorsal colon have in equine?

Answer 24

tinea = 1
sacculations = 0

Question 25

what vessel supplies the left and right dorsal colons as well as the diaphragmatic flexure in equine?

Answer 25

right colic artery

Question 26

how many tinea does the right dorsal colon have and what is the diameter like in equine?

Answer 26

3 largest diameter

Question 27

the equine transverse colon is ______ to the cranial mesenteric artery

Answer 27

cranial

Question 28

describe the descending colon of horses

Answer 28

sacculated long 2 tinea

Question 29

which vessel supplies the transverse colon of equine?

Answer 29

middle colic artery

Question 30

in horses with strongylus vulgaris, the larvae can migrate from the intestines to the _________ and cause aneurysms, thrombosis, and necrosis of the SI and cecum. This is called equine verminous arteritis

Answer 30

cranial mesenteric artery

Question 31

describe the equine kidneys

Answer 31

smooth, heart-shaped (R) and bean-shaped (L) unipapillary renal crest and pelvis present R kidney contacts caudate lobe of liver L kidney is more caudal

Question 32

this structure of the swine stomach is characterized as being a blind extension separate from the stomach by the spiral groove

Answer 32

conical diverticulum ventriculi

Question 33

what is the name of the structure that completes the incomplete pyloric sphincter?

Answer 33

torus pyloricus

Question 34

the liver in pigs does or does not touch the kidneys?

Answer 34

does not therefore there is no renal impression and no hepatorenal ligament

Question 35

is there a papillary process of the liver in swine?

Answer 35

no

Question 36

what is unique about the quadrate lobe in pigs?

Answer 36

it is small and triangular shaped it does NOT touch the ventral border of the liver

Question 37

wheere is the cecum located in pigs?

Answer 37

on the left apex points caudoventrally

Question 38

how many tinea and sacculations does the cecum in pigs have?

Answer 38

3 -- right left ventral

Question 39

where is the colon located in pigs?

Answer 39

LEFT

Question 40

what is unique about the colon in pigs?

Answer 40

the ascending colon is cone-shaped and has ansa spiralis, 3 sacculations, but no tinea

Question 41

describe the kidney of pigs

Answer 41

flattened and elongated smooth R and L are symmetrically placed Right does NOT contact liver cortex is fused medulla is NOT fused = multipyramidal individual renal papilla and a calyx for each papilla renal pelvis present

Question 42

describe the stomach of camels

Answer 42

C1 (rumen), C2 (reticulum), and C3 (omasoabomasal complex) all have glandular saccules

Question 43

describe C1 of camelids

Answer 43

rumen divided into 2 sacs (Cranioventral, caudodorsal) nonpapillated

Question 44

describe C2 of camelids

Answer 44

reticulum bean shaped on right side no contact with abdominal floor

Question 45

describe C3 of camelids

Answer 45

omasoabomasal complex omasum = right intrathoracic parrt of abdomen abomasum= right; does not reach floor of abdomen; has 2 regions -- fundic and pyloric with torus pyloricus

Question 46

which 2 species do not have a gallbladder?

Answer 46

horse camelids

Question 47

do camelids have papillary processes of their liver?

Answer 47

yes

Question 48

does the liver in camelids have renal impressions?

Answer 48

yes

Question 49

what is the ampulla duodeni?

Answer 49

a widened area at the cranial part of the duodenum

Question 50

describe the cecum in camelids

Answer 50

smooth no tinea cone-shaped apex points caudally

Question 51

describe the colon in camelids

Answer 51

large diameter ascending = spiral loop descending = sigmoid colon

Question 52

describe camelid kidneys

Answer 52

not lobated, smooth unipyramidal L more caudal than R renal crest present