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Anatomy Flashcards

(68 cards)

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1
Q

Homeostasis

A

It allows the organism to maintain a state of constancy or equilibrium, in spite of vast changes in the external environment.

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2
Q

Appendix

A

Located near the junction of the small and large intestines, and is made up of lymphatic tissue.

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3
Q

Spleen

A

Acts as a blood filtration system, filtering out old blood cells.

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4
Q

Pancreas

A

Produces insulin which helps regulate sugar in the blood stream.

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5
Q

Gall bladder

A

Serves as storage system for bile from the liver.

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6
Q

Liver

A

Produces bile, which is excreted into the small intestines to assist in the breakdown of fat.

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7
Q

Anus

A

The opening of the anal canal to the exterior.

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8
Q

Rectum

A

The last 8in. Of the GI tract.

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9
Q

Large intestines (Colon)

A

Terminal portion of the GI tract and is about 5ft. Long

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10
Q

Small intestine

A

Most digestion and absorption of nutrients occur here

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11
Q

What are the three parts of the small intestine?

A

The duodenum, jejunum, and ileum

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12
Q

Stomach

A

J-shaped ouch that connects the esophagus to the small intestine and serves as a mixing chamber and holding reservoir.

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13
Q

Esophagus

A

A muscular tube that passes from the pharynx down the neck between the trachea and the spinal column.

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14
Q

Pharynx

A

Structure that good passes through from the mouth to the esophagus.

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15
Q

Mouth

A

The entrance to the GI tract where food starts to get broken down.

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16
Q

Digestive system

A

Provides the mechanisms by which food travels through the body and is digested.

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17
Q

F reproductive tract

A

Includes the ovaries, Fallopian tubes, uterus, cervix, vagina, external, genitalia, and mammary glands.

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18
Q

M reproductive tract

A

Include the epididymis, vas deferents, seminal vesicles, ejaculatory duct, urethra and penis.

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19
Q

Ovaries

A

Produce ova(eggs) and are connected to the uterus by Fallopian tubes.

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20
Q

Testes

A

Produce sperm and are connected to the penis by the epididymis.

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21
Q

Urethra

A

A tube that carries the urine from the bladder to the outside of the body

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22
Q

Bladder

A

A pouch into which urine passes from the kidneys and is temporarily stored until discharged from the body.

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23
Q

Ureters

A

Paired ducts that carry away urine from a kidney to the bladder

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24
Q

Kidneys

A

Lie between the peritoneum on either side of the upper lumbar vertebrae and are the principal organ of the renal system used to filter waste materials from the body.

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25
Genitourinary
This section covers two body systems, the urinate and the reproductive system.
26
Pineal
Secretes melatonin, which contributes to the setting of the body’s biological clock.
27
Adrenal
Secretes norepinephrine, epinephrine, and small amounts of dopamine.
28
Gonads
Secrete sex hormones
29
Thyroid
Secretes thyroxin and is responsible for the regulation of metabolism
30
Pituitary
Known as the “master” gland because it releases several hormones that control other glands
31
Parathyroid
Responsible for producing parathormone which regulates the levels of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus in the blood
32
Endocrine
A collection of glands whose function is to regulate multiple organs within the body to meet the growth and reproductive needs of the organism
33
Somatic nervous system
Conveys information from receptors in the head, body wall and limbs and from receptors for the special senses of vision, hearing, taste and smell.
34
Automatic nervous system
Is the division of the peripheral nervous system that controls involuntary motor functions and affects such things as digestion and heart rate
35
Peripheral nervous system
Consists of nerves and ganglia that inner are all parts of the body and provide an interface between the environment and the CNS.
36
Brain stem
Consists of the medulla, pons, and midbrain
37
What does the spinal roots consist of?
8 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, and 1 coccygeal
38
Spinal nerve roots
Connect the CNS to sensory receptors, muscles, and glands.
39
Spinal cord
The spinal cord rests within the spinal column and stretches from the brain to the lumbar vertebrae
40
CNS
Consciousness
41
Neurons
Nerve cell which serve as the structure and funcional unit of the nervous system
42
Nervous system
Transmits impulses that govern sensation, movement, and thought
43
Appendicular skeleton
Consists of the bones of the upper and lower extremities
44
Axial skeleton
Consists of the skull, the vertebrae column, and the thorax
45
Periosteum
The thin outer membrane surrounding the bone
46
Articular cartilage
Smooth, glossy tissue that forms the joint surfaces
47
What are the four types of bones
Long, short, flat, and irregular bones
48
Irregular bones
Vertebrae, mandible and pelvic bones
49
Flat bones
Skull, sternum, and scapula
50
Short bones
Wrist and ankle bones
51
Long bones
Femur and humerus
52
What are the two types of bones
Compact and cancellous
53
Cancellous tissue
Inner spongy, pour out portion
54
Compact bone
Hard outer shell
55
Skeleton
Composed of 206 bones
56
Cartilage
Tough flexible tissue that makes up most of the skeleton of vertebrates
57
Joints
The point of contact between elements of a skeleton whether movable or rigidly fixed together with the surrounding and supporting parts
58
Ligaments
Tissues that connects bone to bone
59
Tendons
Tissue that connects muscle to bone
60
Muscles
Tissue consisting of long cells that contract when stimulated And produce motion
61
Musculoskeletal system
Is a bony structure that provides stability to the soft tissues of the body
62
Appendages
Nails, hair, sebaceous glands, sweat glands, and ceruminous glands
63
Subcutaneous
Lies between the dermis and is made up of fat and soft tissue
64
Dermis
Lies below the epidermis and gradually glands into the deeper tissue
65
Epidermis
The outer layer of the skin
66
Integumentary system
Tissues grouped together to form organs
67
Hard palate
Anterior portion of the roof of the mouth
68
Soft palate
Posterior portion of the roof of the mouth

HCB (5 decks)

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