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Anatomy Flashcards

(88 cards)

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1
Q

What are the regions of the spine?

A

Cervical
Thoracic
Lumbar
Sacral
Coccyx

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2
Q

How many vertebra in each spinal region?

A

C - 7
T - 12
L - 5
S - 1 (5 fused)
C - 1 (4 fused)

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3
Q

What is the key feature of a cervical vertebra?

A

Foramina transversaria

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4
Q

What is the key feature of a thoracic vertebra?

A

Costal facets

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5
Q

Which vertebra has an odontoid process?

A

C2 (axis)

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6
Q

Which vertebra is the vertebra prominens?

A

C7

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7
Q

Which muscles are in the superficial layer of muscles of the back?

A

Trapezius
Levator scapulae
Rhomboid major and minor
Laticcimus dorsi
Muscles of the pectoral girdle

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8
Q

What are the roots of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

C5-C7

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9
Q

What is the motor function of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Elbow flexion (biceps brachii) and supination

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10
Q

What is the sensory region of the musculocutaneous nerve?

A

Lateral part of forearm

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11
Q

When is the musculocutaneous nerve usually injured?

A

As part of a brachial plexus injury (rarely injured in isolation)

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12
Q

What is the axillary nerve root?

A

C5, C6

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13
Q

What is the motor function of the axillary nerve?

A

Shoulder abduction (deltoid muscle)

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14
Q

What is the sensory region on the axillary nerve?

A

Inferior region of deltoid muscle/regimental badge area

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15
Q

When is the axillary nerve usually injured?

A

Neck of humerus fracture
Humeral dislocation

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16
Q

What is the radial nerve root?

A

C5-C8

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17
Q

What is the motor function of the radial nerve?

A

Extension of forearm, wrist, fingers, thumb

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18
Q

What is the sensory region of the radial nerve?

A

Small area between the dorsal aspect of the 1st and 2nd metacarpals

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19
Q

When is the radial nerve usually injured?

A

Humeral shaft fracture

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20
Q

What is the result of a radial nerve injury?

A

Wrist drop

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21
Q

What is the root of the median nerve?

A

C6, C8, T1

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22
Q

What is the motor function of the median nerve?

A

LOAF muscles
Pronation of forearm
Wrist flexion

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23
Q

What are the LOAF muscles?

A

Lateral lumricals
Opponens pollis
Abductor pollis brevis
Flexor pollis brevis

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24
Q

What is the sensory region of the median nerve?

A

Palmar aspect of lateral 3 1/2 fingers

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25
What is the result of an injury to the median nerve at the wrist?
Paralysis of the thenar muscles and opponens pollicis Carpal tunnel syndrome
26
What is the result of injury to the median nerve at the elbow?
Loss of pronation of the forearm and weak wrist flexion
27
What is the root of the ulnar nerve?
C8, T1
28
What is the motor function of the ulnar nerve?
Intrinsic hand muscles except LOAF Wrist flexion
29
What is the sensory region of the ulnar nerve?
Medial 1 1/2 fingers
30
How is the ulnar nerve usually injured?
Medial epicondyle fracture
31
What is the result of an injury to the ulnar nerve?
Claw hand Hyperextended wrist
32
What is the root of the long thoracic nerve?
C5-C7
33
What is the motor function of the long thoracic nerve?
Serratus anterior
34
How is the long thoracic nerve usually injured?
Blow to the ribs in a sport injury Masectomy
35
What is the result of an injured long thoracic nerve?
Winged scapula
36
What is the motor function of the femoral nerve?
Knee extension Thigh flexion
37
What is the sensory region of the femoral nerve?
Anterior and medial aspect of thigh and lower leg
38
How is the femoral nerve usually injured?
Hip/pelvic fracture Stab/gunshot wounds
39
What is the motor function of the obturator nerve
Thigh adduction
40
What is the sensory region of the obturator nerve?
Medial thigh
41
How is the obturator nerve usually injured?
Anterior hip dislocation
42
What is the sensory function of the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?
Lateral and posterior surfaces of the thigh
43
How is the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh usually injured?
Compression near ASIS (anterior superior iliac spine)
44
What is the result of injury to the lateral cutaneous nerve of the thigh?
Meralgia paraesthesia Pain, tingling and numbness in lateral and posterior aspects of thigh
45
What is the motor function of the tibial nerve?
Foot plantarflexion and inversion
46
What is the sensory region of the tibial nerve?
Sole of foot
47
What is the motor function of the common peroneal nerve?
Footdorsiflexion and eversion Extensor hallucis longus
48
What is the sensory region of the common peroneal nerve?
Dorsum of the foot and the lower lateral part of the leg
49
What is the result of injury to the common peroneal nerve?
Foot drop
50
How is the common peroneal nerve typically injured?
At the neck of the fibula Because of a tightly applied lower limb plaster cast
51
What is the motor function of the superior gluteal nerve?
Hip abduction
52
How is the superior gluteal nerve usually injured?
Misplaced IM injection Hip surgery Pelvic fracture Posterior hip dislocation
53
What is the result of a superior gluteal nerve injury?
Positive Trendelenburg sign
54
What is the motor function of the inferior gluteal nerve?
Hip extension and lateral roatation
55
How is the inferior gluteal nerve usually injured?
In association with sciatic nerve injury
56
What is the result of injury to the inferior gluteal nerve?
Difficulty rising from the seated position Can't jump Can't climb stairs
57
Which muscles are responsible for flexion of the shoulder?
Anterior part of deltoid Pectoralis major Biceps Coracobrachialis
58
Which muscles are responsible for extension of the shoulder?
Posterior deltoid Teres major Latissimus dorsi
59
Which muscles are responsible for adduction of the shoulder?
Pectoralis major Latissimus dorsi Teres major Coracobrachialis
60
Which muscles are responsible for abduction of the shoulder?
Mid deltoid Supraspinatus
61
Which muscles are responsible for medial rotation of the shoulder?
Subscapularis Anterior deltoid teres major Latissimus dorsi
62
Which muscles are responsible for lateral rotation of the shoulder?
Posterior deltoid Infraspinatus Teres minor
63
What are the muscles in the rotator cuff?
Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres minor Sunscapularis (SItS)
64
What are the hip flexor muscles?
Iliacus Psoas major
65
What are the lateral rotators of the hip?
Piriformis Gemelli Obturator internus Obturator externus Quadratus femoris
66
Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the thigh?
Vastus lateralis Vastus medialis Vastus intermedius Rectus femoris Sartotius
67
Which muscles are in the posterior compartment of the thigh?
Biceps femoris Semitendinosus Semimembranosus
68
Which muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Adductor magnus Adductor longus Adductor brevis Gracilis Pectineus
69
Which muscles are in the posterior superficial compartment of the leg?
Gastrocnemius Soleus Plantaris
70
Which muscles are in the psterior deep compartment of the leg?
Popliteus Tibialis posterior Flexor digitorum longus Flexor hallucis longus
71
Which muscles are in the lateral compartment of the leg?
Fibularis longus Fibularis brevis
72
Which muscles are in the anterior compartment of the leg?
Tibialis anterior Extensor digitorum longus Extensor hallucis longus
73
Which muscles connect the scapula to the trunk?
Pectoralis minor Rhomboid major Rhomboid minor Trapezius Serratus anterior
74
Which muscles connct the humerus to the trunk?
Latissimus dorsi Pectoralis major
75
Which muscles are the deep extensors of the forearm?
Supinator Extensor indicis Extensor pollicis longus Extensor pollicis brevis Abductor pollicis brevis
76
Which muscles are the superficial extensors of the forearm?
Anconeus Extensor carpi ulnaris Extensor carpi radialis longus Extensor carpi radialis brevis Extensor digitorum Extensor digiti minimi
77
Which muscles are the deep flexors of the forearm?
Brachioradialis Pronator quadratus Flexor digitorum profundus Flexor pollicis longus
78
Which muscles are the superficial flexors of the forearm?
Pronator teres Flexor carpi radialis Flexor carpi ulnaris Flexor digitorum superficialis Palmaris longus
79
Which muscles are the flexors of the neck?
Sternocleidomastoid Scalenes
80
Which muscles are the extensors of the neck?
Splenius capitis Splenius cervicis Semispinalis capitis
81
Which nerves pass through the greater sciatic foramen?
Sciatic Superior and inferior gluteal Pudendal Posterior femoral cutaneous Nerve to quadratus femoris Nerve to obturator internus
82
Which blood vessels pass through the sciatic foramen?
Superior gluteal artery and vein Inferior gluteal artery and vein Internal pudendal artery and vein
83
Which rotator cuff muscle is responsible for internal rotation?
Subscapularis
84
What are the contents of the tarsal tunnel from anterior to posterior?
Tibialis posterior tendon Flexor digitorum tendon Posterior tibial artery Posterior tibial vein Tibial nerve Flexor hallucis longus tendon
85
Which muscle is responsible for flexion of the DIPs?
Flexor digitorum profundus
86
Which muscles are in the medial compartment of the thigh?
Gracilis Obturator externus Adductor magnus Adductor brevis Adductor longus
87
What is the result of damage to the obturator nerve?
Impaired hip abduction
88
What do the medial thigh muscles do?
Knee flexion Thigh extension at the hip

MSK (10 decks)

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