Anatomy

Question 1

What are the 4 types of permanent teeth?

Answer 1

1. Incisors
2. Canines
3. Pre-molars
4. Molars

Question 2

What are the 5 types of deciduous teeth?

Answer 2

1. Central incisors
2. Lateral incisors
3. Canine (cupid)
4. First molar
5. Second molar

Question 3

What are the 5 surfaces of a tooth?

Answer 3

1. Facial (buccal/labial)
   facing out
2. Lingual (palatal)
   facing in
3. Masticatory (incisal/occlusal)
   Chewing surface
4. Mesial
   Towards the middle
5. Distal
   Away from the midline

Question 4

What is BPE code 0

Answer 4

Healthy gingival tissues with no bleeding on gentle probing

Question 5

What is BPE code 1

Answer 5

The BLACK band on the probe remains completely visible in the deepest pocket within the sextant. There are no defective margins or calculus. There is some BLEEDING after gentle probing.

Question 6

What is BPE code 2

Answer 6

The whole of the BLACK part of the probe remains visible in the deepest
pocket in the sextant supra or sub-gingival calculus detected or defective margin(s) of crowns or restorations.

Question 7

What is BPE code 3

Answer 7

Part of the BLACK band on probe remains visible in the deepest part of
the sextant.

Question 8

What is BPE code 4

Answer 8

BLACK part of the probe disappears completely into the deepest pocket
in the sextant.

Question 9

What is code *

Answer 9

Loss of attachment (recession and probing depth > 7mm OR Presence of a furcation lesion

Question 10

What is a perio pocket?

Answer 10

Gum disease (periodontitis) is where the periodontal ligament
has been destroyed so the gum has pulled away from the
tooth causing a pocket. In some cases the gum recedes
leaving the root of the tooth exposed resulting in sensitivity.

Question 11

What is a false pocket?

Answer 11

False pockets are reversible, and
are a localised swelling of the gingival
margin found in gingivitis

Question 12

What is a true pocket?

Answer 12

True pockets are a result of a loss
of attachment/destruction of the
periodontal ligament creating a space
between the tooth root and the gum
found in periodontal disease

Question 13

What is tooth morphology?

Answer 13

TOOTH MORPHOLOGY IS THE SHAPE OF THE TOOTH CUSPS AND FISSURES

Question 14

Lower first permanent morphology

Answer 14

A LOWER FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR (6) HAS 5
CUSP

Question 15

Lower second permanent morphology

Answer 15

A LOWER SECOND PERMANENT MOLAR (7) HAS 4 CUSPS

Question 16

What is a cusp of carabelli?

Answer 16

AN UPPER FIRST PERMANENT MOLAR (6) CAN
HAVE AN EXTRA CUSP CALLED A CUSP OF
CARABELLI ON THE PALATAL SIDE

Question 17

Upper first molar roots?

Answer 17

UPPER FIRST PERMANENT
MOLAR ROOTS
(MESIO-BUCCAL, DISTO-BUCCAL,
PALATAL)

Question 18

Lower first molar roots?

Answer 18

LOWER FIRST PERMANENT
MOLAR ROOTS
(MESIAL AND DISTAL)

Question 19

Upper first pre-molar roots?

Answer 19

UPPER PERMANENT FIRST PREMOLAR (4)
2 ROOTS

Question 20

Lower first pre-molar roots?

Answer 20

LOWER PERMANENT FIRST PREMOLAR (4)
VERY SMALL LINGUAL CUSP

Question 21

What are extra teeth called?

Answer 21

SUPERNUMERARY TEETH —IN THE MIDLINE THEY ARE CALLED A
MESIODENS; THEY CAN STOP THE UPPER INCISOR
FROM ERUPTING.

Question 22

What is attrition?

Answer 22

TEETH GROUND AWAY ON THE OCCLUSAL
SURFACES FROM GRINDING - BRUXISM
NON-CARIOUS TOOTH SURFACE LOSS

Question 23

What are white spot lesions?

Answer 23

FIRST SIGNS OF DECALCIFICATION – CAVITY
FORMATION

Question 24

What is arrested caries?

Answer 24

THEY ARE DARK BECAUSE THEY HAVE
REMINERALISED FROM FOOD AND DRINK BUT
ARE NO LONGER DECAYING

Question 25

What is hyperplasia?

Answer 25

WHERE THE ENAMEL HAS FAILED TO FULLY DEVELOP

Question 26

What is fluorosis?

Answer 26

TOO MUCH FLUORIDE WAS INGESTED BY THE YOUNG CHILD WHEN THE TEETH WERE FORMING – SWALLOWING TOOTHPASTE IN A WATER FLUORIDATED AREA

Question 27

What is Index of Orthodontic Treatment Needs (IOTN)

Answer 27

* The IOTN is used to assess the need and eligibility of children under 18 years of age for NHS orthodontic treatment on dental health grounds. * The first part of the IOTN is the Dental Health Component (DHC) which has 5 Grades. * The second part of the IOTN is the Aesthetic Component (AC). * Within the NHS if a patient in Dental Health category 3 has an Aesthetic Component rating of 6 or more NHS treatment is permissible

Question 28

IOTN gradings

Answer 28

* Grade 1 is almost perfection * Grade 2 is for minor irregularities * Grade 3 is for greater irregularities which normally do not need treatment for health reasons. * Grade 4 is for more severe degrees of irregularity and these do require treatment for health reasons * Grade 5 is for severe dental health problems

Question 29

Class 1

Answer 29

Class I: upper and lower jaws are about the same size Overbite = 2mm Overjet = 2mm The lower incisor edges occlude with the cingulum of the upper incisors

Question 30

Class 2

Answer 30

Class II: upper jaw is too long or lower jaw is too short (SMALL CHIN) Overbite = may be increased from overeruption Overjet = significant increase, incisors are proclined

Question 31

Class 3

Answer 31

Class III: upper jaw is too short or lower jaw is too long (LARGE CHIN) Overbite = usually increased and lower incisors may bite on palate known as a deep overbite Overjet = generally not increased as incisors are retroclined (sloping backwards)

Question 32

What is overbite?

Answer 32

OVERBITE: vertical overlap of the incisors – how far the upper incisors bite over the lower incisors measured from the incisal tips of both teeth.

Question 33

What is overjet?

Answer 33

OVERJET: horizontal measurement of the incisors – how far the upper incisors are in front (or behind) the lower incisors. From the incisal tip of the uppers to the buccal surface of the lowers.

Question 34

What are the 3 ortho appliances?

Answer 34

Fixed appliance- brases Removable appliance Functional appliance