Anatomy

Question 1

Supine

Answer 1

Lying on back

Question 2

Prone

Answer 2

Lying on front

Question 3

Sagittal plane

Answer 3

symmetric, cuts the body into left and right

Question 4

Coronal plane

Answer 4

cuts the body into posterior and anterior (front and back)

Question 5

Axial (transfers) plane

Answer 5

cuts the body into superior and inferior (top and bottom)

Question 6

Flexion

Answer 6

decreasing the angle between parts

Question 7

Extensions

Answer 7

increasing angle

Question 8

Dorsiflexion

Answer 8

the decrease of the ankle angle

Question 9

Plantarflexion

Answer 9

the increase of the ankle angle

Question 10

Abduction

Answer 10

away from the midline

Question 11

Adduction

Answer 11

towards the midline

Question 12

Rotation

Answer 12

moving around a long axis

Question 13

Circumduction

Answer 13

circular movement

Question 14

Pronation/supination

Answer 14

palm facing superior for supination
inferior for pronation
(semi-prone = halfway)

Question 15

Eversion/inversion

Answer 15

at the ankle joint

Question 16

Retrusion/protrusion

Answer 16

moving the jaw in and out

Question 17

Elevation/depression

Answer 17

shrug of shoulders

Question 18

Opposition/reposition

Answer 18

thumb and any other digit of the hand connection

Question 19

Unilateral

Answer 19

structural on only one side of the body

Question 20

Bilateral

Answer 20

structural on both sides of the body

Question 21

Midline

Answer 21

single structure located in the middle i.e. umbilicus

Question 22

Ipsilateral

Answer 22

lies of the same side as to what it is compared to

Question 23

Contralateral

Answer 23

lies on the opposite side as to what is it compared to

Question 24

Condyle

Answer 24

smooth rounded elevation

Question 25

Crest

Answer 25

sharp ridge

Question 26

facet

Answer 26

smooth area

Question 27

process

Answer 27

localized projection

Question 28

trochanter

Answer 28

large rounded elevation

Question 29

tubercle

Answer 29

small rounded elevation

Question 30

tuberosity

Answer 30

large rounded eleavtion

Question 31

foramen

Answer 31

hole

Question 32

sulcus

Answer 32

groove or furrow

Question 33

periosteum

Answer 33

outer membrane of the bone

Question 34

trabecular bone

Answer 34

web like bone at the distal ends of long bone

Question 35

cortical bone

Answer 35

hard bone surrounding the outer surface

Question 36

metaphysis

Answer 36

growth plate located at either end of long bone

Question 37

diaphysis

Answer 37

main section of the bone usually hollow

Question 38

what are the different types of joints?

Answer 38

Synovial - MCPJ, IPJ, facet joints Cartilaginous - IV discs, sternal angle Fibrous - sutures

Question 39

features of joints

Answer 39

Good nerve supply - arthritic/dislocation pain Periarticular circulation - periarticular anastomosis dislocations

Question 40

components of appendicular skeleton

Answer 40

shoulder girdle arm hand pelvic girdle leg foot

Question 41

components of axial skeleton

Answer 41

skull chest vertebral column

Question 42

skeletal muscles are ...

Answer 42

Covered in deep fascia Originate + insert onto: -Bone via tendons -Soft tissue via aponeurosis Move origin + insertion closer together

Question 43

Paralysis

Answer 43

Motor nerve problem No contraction > reduced tone

Question 44

Spasticity

Answer 44

Problem with descending brain control Increased tone

Question 45

Atrophy

Answer 45

Smaller myocytes + wasting (inactivity)

Question 46

Hypertrophy

Answer 46

Myocyte enlargement

Question 47

which part of the heart is most anterior?

Answer 47

Right ventricle

Question 48

which arteries supply the arms?

Answer 48

subclavian – axillary – brachial – radial/ulnar

Question 49

which arteries supply the legs?

Answer 49

external iliac – femoral – popliteal – ant/post tibial (> fibular)

Question 50

which arteries supply the abdomen?

Answer 50

coeliac axis, superior mesenteric, inferior mesenteric, renal

Question 51

what are the two venous systems?

Answer 51

systemic hepatic portal

Question 52

what is the systemic venous system?

Answer 52

the same as arterial system

Question 53

what is the hepatic portal?

Answer 53

Absorptive organs > hepatic portal vein

Question 54

what is the route of the testis?

Answer 54

posterior wall of abdomen layers of abdominal wall inguinal canal scrotum

Question 55

what is the route of the sperm?

Answer 55

seminiferous tubules rete testis epididymis vas deferens

Question 56

what are the components of the spermatic cord?

Answer 56

Vas deferens Pampiniform plexus Testicular artery

Question 57

what are the female reproductive organs?

Answer 57

ovaries

Question 58

what are the female accessory reproductive organs?

Answer 58

uterine tubes, uterus and vagina

Question 59

what are the 3 layers of the uterus?

Answer 59

perimetrium myometrium endometrium

Question 60

where does fertilisation occur?

Answer 60

ampulla

Question 61

where does implantation occur?

Answer 61

body of the uterus

Question 62

sympathetics

Answer 62

fight or flight sympathetics only enter spinal nerves T1-L2: sympathetics can exit and enter spinal cord/nerves Run up and down via sympathetic chain

Question 63

parasympatheitcs

Answer 63

rest and digest motor and sensory Cranial outflow: CN 3, 7, 9, 10 Sacral outflow: S2-4

Question 64

Rootlets > roots > spinal nerve > rami

Answer 64

Dorsal root: sensory Ventral root: motor Spinal nerve onwards: mixed Dorsal rami go to back Ventral rami supply rest of body

Question 65

what is the Filum terminale?

Answer 65

connective tissue below conus medullaris

Question 66

what is the Conus medullaris?

Answer 66

end of spinal cord

Question 67

what is the Cauda equina?

Answer 67

L2-S5 spinal nerves