Anatomy Flashcards
(84 cards)
1
Q
Anatomy is
A
The study of the structure of the human body
2
Q
Physiology
A
The study of the function of the body
3
Q
Homeostasis
A
The existence & maintenance of a constant internal environment
4
Q
Homeostatic variables
A
Stimuli that changes the body’s internal environment; temperature,hormones, diet, body’s pH level
5
Q
Homeostatic mechanisms
A
Sweating & shivering
6
Q
Set point (normal body temp)
A
98.6
7
Q
Regional anatomy
A
Study of the structures of the body
8
Q
Directional terms
A
Description of position of one structure in the body in relation to another structure
9
Q
Superior
A
Above
10
Q
Inferior
A
Below
11
Q
Anterior
A
Front
12
Q
Posterior
A
Back
13
Q
Proximal
A
Closer to midline
14
Q
Distal
A
Further from midline
15
Q
Medial
A
Middle
16
Q
Lateral
A
Side
17
Q
Deep
A
More internal
18
Q
Superficial
A
Towards surface
19
Q
Body planes
A
Viewing structures from different aspects
20
Q
Midsaggital (median)
A
Middle of the body
21
Q
Sagittal
A
Splits body but not equally, anywhere along midsagittal plane
22
Q
Transverse
(Horizontal)
A
Superior and inferior
23
Q
Frontal (coronal)
A
Anterior, posterior
24
Q
Body regions
A
Central, upper limb, lower limb
25
Central body region
Center of body;
Head, neck, trunk
26
Trunk
Thorax, chest, abdomen, pelvis
27
Thorax contains
Heart, lungs, esophagus, thymus, & major blood vessels connecting to heart
28
Abdomen
Majority of digestive organs; stomach,liver, gallbladder, pancreas, small intestine, and large intestine. Also kidneys & ureters
29
Pelvis contains
Urinary bladder, urethra, & reproductive organs
30
Upper limb 4 regions
Arm, forearm, wrist, hand
31
Arm contains
Humerus
32
Forearm contains
Radius ulna
33
Wrist contains
Carpals
34
Hand contains
Metacarpals & phalanges
35
Lower limb 4 regions
Thigh, leg, ankle, foot
36
Thigh contains
Femur
37
Leg contains
Tibia and fíbula
38
Ankle contains
Tarsals
39
Foot contains
Metatarsals & phalanges
40
Abdomen 4 quadrants
Upper right, upper left, lower right, lower left
41
Abdomen 9 regions
Right hypochondriac, epigástric, left hypochondriac, right lumbar, umbilical, left lumbar, right iliac, hypogastric, left iliac
42
Upper right quadrant contains
Liver, gallbladder, pancreas, right kidney, small intestine, large intestine
43
Upper left quadrant contains
Stomach, spleen, pancreas, left kidney, small intestine, large intestine
44
Lower right quadrant contains
Small intestine, large intestine, uterus, ovary, & urinary bladder
45
Lower left quadrant contains
Small intestine, large intestine, uterus, ovary, & urinary bladder
46
Dorsal body cavity is created by
Cranium & vertebral column
47
Dorsal body cavity is responsible to
Protect the brain & spinal cord
48
Central body cavity (2 cavities)
Thoracic & abdominopelvic cavity
49
Thoracic (3 cavities)
Pleural, mediastinum, pericardial cavities
50
Pleural cavity contains
Lungs
51
Mediastinum
Area between lungs, contains major blood vessels; aorta, superior vena cava, pulmonary arteries, trachea, esophagus
52
Pericardial cavity contains
Heart
53
Abdominopelvic cavity (2 cavities)
Abdominal, pelvic
54
Abdominal cavity contains
Major digestive organs; stomach, liver, pancreas, gallbladder, small intestine, large intestine & kidneys
55
Pelvic cavity contains
Internal reproductive organs, urinary bladder
56
Cells
Are functional units of all tissues. They are responsible for performing all essential life functions, from synthesizing nutrients to destroying pathogens and debris
57
Mitosis
Cell division of one single mother cell into 2 separate daughter cells
58
Organelles
Structures inside each cell that help regulate function of the cell
59
Nucleus
Regulates overall function of cell
60
DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid)
Building block for life
61
RNA (ribonucleic acid)
Vital in transmitting signals from DNA to ribosomes for protein synthesis
62
Gogli apparatus
Allows proteins & lipids to be bundled & transported within the cell itself
63
Lysosomes
Break down several different substances inside the cell, including protein and waste products
64
Mitochondria
Responsible for production of adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
65
Adenosine triphosphate (ATP)
Molecule that provides energy to the body by transporting chemical energy to parts of the body that require it
66
Ribosomes
Contain protein & RNA, synthesize cell proteins
67
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Synthesizes carbohydrates & lipids to use when producing new cell membranes
68
Cytoplasm
Gel like substance that allows organelles, nutrients, and waste products to move throughout the cell
69
Organization of body
Cells>tissues>organ>organ system>organism
70
Tissue
A group of cells w/similar function and structure
71
4 types of Tissue
Epithelial, musclular, nervous, connective
72
Epithelial tissue forms
Most glands, digestive tract, respiratory tract, & the epidermis
73
Epithelial tissue (avascular, no direct blood flow
Protection, secretion, & absorption of nutrients
74
Muscular tissue
Creates muscle
75
3 types of muscle
Skeletal, cardiac, smooth muscle
76
Skeletal muscles (striated, voluntary)
Attach to skeleton
77
Body heat
Created by skeletal muscle always being in a state of twitching called shivers
78
Cardiac muscle (branching)
Powerful, shoots blood out of heart w/ each contraction. & Makes the heart (which is involuntary)
79
Smooth muscle (non-striated & involuntary)
Found in walls of hallow organs such as stomach & intestines
80
Peristalsis
Muscle contracting to force food through digestive system
81
Nervous tissue
Forms brain, spinal cord, nerves
82
Neuron
Primary cell of nervous tissue that process nervous impulses which are sent to other tissues; i.e. muscles, other neurons
83
Neurons receive action potentials (electrical impulses) which are brought into the cell by dendrites
84
Dendrites
Branch-like projections coming off of cell body into neurons
