Anatomy Flashcards
(131 cards)
1
Q
When evaluating the carotid siphon from the submandibular window, the sample depth should be set to value between
A
60-80mm (70mm)
2
Q
The posterior communicating artery connects the
A
anterior and posterior cerebral vessels
3
Q
Which artery supplies the brainstem with arterial blood
A
basilar artery
4
Q
Blood within the pulmonary veins
A
contains high oxygen content and flows into the left atrium
5
Q
The left and right innominate veins merge to form the
A
SVC
6
Q
What structures are supplied by branches of the internal carotid artery
A
eyes, lateral nose and parietal lobe
7
Q
A normal penile brachial index is
A
> 0.75
8
Q
The primary mechanisms that control arterial flow volume changes during the cardiac cycle are
A
cardiac output, peripheral resistance
9
Q
Respiration and _______ are responsible for venous blood flow
A
the calf muscle pump
10
Q
An effective calf pump causes ______ in the pressure in the deep veins of the calf
A
a decrease
11
Q
The achilles tendon is a landmark for which deep calf vein
A
PTV
12
Q
Poiseuille’s law states that the ________ has the most significant effect on the blood flow in a vessel
A
vessel radius
13
Q
The GSV originates
A
at the dorsum of the foot and courses anterior to the medial malleolus
14
Q
__________ receives the blood from the posterior tibial perforators and plays a major role in venous stasis of the lower extremity
A
the posterior venous arch
15
Q
What branch comes off the ICA
A
ophthalmic
16
Q
What is the proper caliper placement for assessing the portal vein diameter
A
inner to inner wall at the point the portal vein crosses the IVC
17
Q
As pressure increases, resistance must _______ to maintain constant flow volume
A
increase
18
Q
What is the probe placement for a doppler evaluation of the frontal artery
A
near the inner canthus of the eye
19
Q
What intracranial artery courses within the sylvian fissure
A
MCA
20
Q
The posterior communicating arteries connect the
A
PCA and MCA
21
Q
What is the first branch of the ascending aorta
A
coronary arteries
22
Q
Paired veins that accompany an artery of the same name are called
A
venae comitantes
23
Q
How can you differentiate the anterior accessory saphenous vein from the great saphenous vein
A
look for the alignment sign that is only associated with the AASV
24
Q
Using the suboccipital window, the normal basilar and vertebral arteries will demonstrate
A
flow away from the probe
25
A mesenteric to aortic ratio is considered normal when it is
1.0 or less
26
where is the marginal artery of drummond located
connects the SMA and IMA through the mesentery
27
What vein does not normally contain any functioning valves
innominate vein
28
Which branch of the circle of willis supplies the corpus callosum and the CSP with arterial blood
ACA
29
The small saphenous vein originates
posterior to the lateral malleolus and ascends along the midline aspect of posterior calf
30
What describes a cardiovascular application of the bernoulli principle
explains the turbulence and layers of flow separation within the carotid bulb
31
An ineffective calf muscle pump causes
the pressure in the deep calf veins to increase
32
The supraorbital artery is a branch of the ___________. Branches of the supraorbital artery connect with branches of the ___________, which is a branch of the ECA. This is a common collateral pathway from the ECA to the ICA
ophthalmic artery, superficial temporal artery
33
What vessel does not drain into the IVC
splenic vein
34
Once the pressure in the deep venous system consistently exceeds the pressure in the superficial system, perforators will
dilate leading to bi-directional flow
35
__________ drains the blood from the GSV in the proximal thigh into the proximal and mid femoral vein
thigh perforators
36
What describes the best technique used to visualize and locate the inferior mesenteric artery
tranverse approach, locate renal arteries and slide inferiorly
37
The angular artery is the terminal branch of the
facial artery
38
What terms can be used to describe the normal doppler waveform in the proximal renal vein
respiratory phasicity and mild pulsatility
39
The _________ is described as the segment of the vessel located between the distal ICA and the origin of the anterior communicating artery
A1 segment of the ACA
40
The carotid siphon supplies blood to
the ophthalmic artery
41
The ICA terminates into which two branches of the circle of willis
MCA and ACA
42
Where is the arc of riolan found
within the mesentery
43
The hepatic artery carries ______ of the blood entering the liver
20-30%
44
________ carries the blood from the GSV in the distal thigh into the distal femoral vein
thigh perforators
45
Which calf vessel's anatomic vourse has been referred to as a stocking seam
small saphenous vein
46
Normal flow in the splenic artery
demonstrates reynold's number >2000
47
Where are the venous sinusoids in the lower extremity
between the soleal and gastrocnemius muscle
48
When performing a lower extremity venous exam for insufficiency, you locate an incompetent vein connected to the GSV in the mid to upper calf by an incompetent perforator. Identify the vein
posterior arch vein
49
Which arteries will be compressed when evaluating frontal artery flow for a periorbital doppler exam
superficial temporal artery and infraorbital artery
50
What is considered an abnormality that causes turbulence in a vessel
myointimal hyperplasia
51
The innominate vein is formed by the junction of
subclavian vein and IJV
52
The weight of the column of blood within the veins when standing is called
hydrostatic pressure
53
What vessel is most commonly assessed for the presence of a bruit
CCA
54
What flow characteristics are seen in a normal hepatic vein doppler tracing
cardiac pulsatility and respiratory phasicity
55
Normal hepatic venous flow will demonstrate
two large antegrade diastolic and systolic waves followed by a small retrograde component that corresponds with the atrial contraction
56
Ohm's Law of electrical current is also used to describe
arterial blood flow volumes
57
What vessels supply the majority of blood to the cerebellum
vertebral and basilar
58
What transcranial window is most commonly used to evaluate the carotid siphon and the ophthalmic artery
orbital
59
A normal peak velocity in the cavernosa arteries after a papaverine injection would be
>30 cm/s
60
What two veins converge to form the SVC
right and left innominate
61
The _______ is described as the segment of the vessel located between the distal basilar artery and the origin of the posterior communicator artery
P1 segment of the PCA
62
The vessel wall layer that is composed of fibrous connective tissue is called
tunica externa
63
The ACA and its branches feed which lobes of the brain
parietal and frontal
64
Describe the proper technique for evaluating the ACA through the temporal window
anterior angulation with 65mm depth
65
When evaluating the GSV for use as a bypass graft, what is the preferred diameter for the vein
>3mm
66
In cases of interrupted IVC, how does the blood from the distal IVC and lower extremities reach the right atrium
azygous vein serves as a collateral pathway and empties into the SVC
67
Which vessel courses posterior to the anterior scalene muscle
subclavian artery
68
The hypo gastric artery is another name for what vessel
internal iliac artery
69
What is a potential collateral pathway for extracranial to intracranial blood flow
facial and maxillary artery branches connect to small branches of the orbital artery
70
The distal femoral artery becomes the popliteal artery at the
level of the adductor canal
71
Which veins receive blood from the superficial and deep venous systems
subclavian and popliteal vein
72
What two vessels are palpated to assess the pulse when peripheral arterial disease is suspected
posterior tibial and dorsalis pedis arteries
73
A pulsatility index of >5.0 in the extremities indicates
normal resistance
74
What vein does not normally contain any functioning valves
inferior vena cava
75
During inspiration the flow in the veins of the lower extremities
decreases
76
What explains the increased incidence of DVT in the left leg when compared to the right leg
the anatomic course of the left iliac vein leads to increased risk of extrinsic compression
77
Transcranial doppler most commonly uses which doppler measurement to evaluate flow in the cerebral vessels
time average maximum velocity
78
Normal brachial pressures should not differ more than _______ between arms
20mmHg
79
What is the preferred patient position for performing an upper extremity arterial duplex exam
arm abducted 45 degrees and externally rotated
80
Flow through venous perforators is normally
unidirectional from the superficial to the deep venous system
81
While performing a lower extremity venous exam, you identify a small pair of veins with an accompanying artery deep in the calf muscle, that connect to the popliteal vein. What veins are these
sural veins
82
The lateral plantar arch artery originates at the
posterior tibial artery
83
What occurs during calf muscle relaxation
blood flows through the perforators from the superficial to the deep veins
84
_______ reflux will be normally seen in the lower extremity superficial system
less than 0.5s
85
The most common congenital anomaly of the circle of willis is
the absence of one or more communicating arteries
86
You receive an order for a pre-op arterial mapping to evaluate the internal mammary artery. What vessel should you evaluate to locate the origin of the internal mammary artery
subclavian artery
87
Branches of the ________ connect to branches of the vertebral arteries to allow collateral flow from the anterior circulation to the posterior circulation
occipital artery
88
What are branches of the distal ICA
MCA, ACA, posterior communicating artery
89
The _______ artery terminates at the external calcaneal artery
peroneal
90
How can the P1 and P2 segments of the posterior cerebral artery differentiated on a transtemporal evaluation during a TCD exam
P1 demonstrates flow moving toward the transducer and P2 demonstrates flow moving away from the transducer
91
The normal brachial artery waveform should resemble the flow in the normal _______ artery
peroneal artery
92
What is the name of the tiny network of vessels that supply/drain blood to /from the vessel wall
vasa vasorum
93
What vessel supplies the majority of the blood to the hand
ulnar artery
94
The supraorbital artery originates from the ophthalmic artery and joins what branch of the ECA
superficial temporal artery
95
What is unaffected by vasoconstriction and vasodilation in the arterioles
hydrostatic pressure
96
What veins normally do not demonstrate spontaneous flow on doppler evaluation
posterior tibial, peroneal and GSV
97
There are normally _______ perforator veins in each leg
about 100
98
The inguinal ligament connects the
superior edge of the iliac crest with the anterior pubic bone
99
What veins contain blood with a very high oxygen content
pulmonary veins
100
What vein is located deep to the muscular fascia in the proximal arm and superficial to the fascia in the forearm
basilic
101
Where is the eustachian valve found
near the junction of the IVC with the right atrium
102
What venous valves are closed in the lower extremity during calf muscle relaxation
proximal thigh veins
103
What is the most common anatomic variation in aortic arch anatomy
two branches originate from the arch: a shared innominate/left CCA trunk and the left subclavian artery
104
A common anatomic variant of the mesenteric arterial anatomy is
the celiac axis and SMA share a common trunk
105
The term for the most common anatomic variant of the aortic arch anatomy is the
bovine arch
106
The paratibial perforators connect the
GSV and PTVs
107
Exercise causes _______ which leads to _________ in the lower extremities
vasodilation, decreased resistance
108
Normally, what changes occur in the waveform of the SMA postprandially
resistance decreases
109
The innominate veins lie ________ to the innominate artery
anterior and lateral
110
The internal iliac artery demonstrates _______ flow than the external iliac artery
lower resistance
111
What calf vessels can be identified between the medial malleolus and the distal portion of the achilles tendon
posterior tibial artery
112
What is the primary drainage system of the upper arm
superficial venous system
113
What venous valves are closed in the lower extremity during calf muscle relaxation
proximal thigh veins
114
Branches of the _________ connect to branches of the vertebral arteries to allow collateral flow from the anterior circulation to the posterior circulation
occipital artery
115
The suboccipital window is used in TCD exams to evaluate what arteries
vertebral and basilar
116
While performing an arterial duplex exam, the patient complains that she is cold. What effect could this have on your exam
increased pulsatility in the vessels evaluated
117
During a TCD exam the depth is set to 100mm while using the suboccipital window. What vessel will be interrogated and what direction will the flow be moving
basilar, away from the transducer
118
The popliteal artery _______ the popliteal vein
courses anterior to
119
The profunda artery courses __________ to the femoral artery
posterior and lateral
120
The pulsatility index in a normal aorta should be ______ the PI in the normal popliteal artery
lower than
121
The innominate veins lie _______ to the innominate artery
anterior and lateral
122
Normally, what changes occur in the waveform of the SMA postprandially
resistance decreases
123
What calf vessel can be identified between the medial malleolus and the distal portion of the chilles tendon
PTA
124
Exercise causes _______ which leads to ________ in the lower extremities
vasodilation, decreased resistance
125
What principle produces an equation that relates pressure gradient to flow and resistance within the circulatory system
poiseuille's law
126
The paratibial perforators connect
the GSV and PTVs
127
The lateral plantar artery originates
at the PTA
128
You are evaluating the subclavian artery and its branches. How can you differentiate the vertebral artery from the thyrocervical and costocervical trunks
the trunk arteries have many branches and lower end diastolic flow velocities
129
The profunda artery courses _________ to the superficial femoral artery
posterior lateral
130
A weak pulse on the PTA will be describes as ________, while a bounding pulse in the ATA will be described as
1+, 4+
131
The superficial venous system of the lower extremities contains vessels that are located
superficial to he deep muscular fascia
