Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Phase 1 RANZCR cards NG > ANATOMY > Flashcards

ANATOMY Flashcards

1
Q

When does the brachiocephalic vein become the subclavian?

A

In the root of the neck, the internal jugular (IJV) and subclavian veins unite to form the brachiocephalic veins posterior to the medial ends of the clavicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What defines the inferior border of the superior mediastinum?

Some critical shit that happens there

A

Plane of Ludwig/Transthoracic plane/sternal plane

Plane from angle of Louis (sternal angle) to inferior border endplate T4.

Bifurcation of pulmonary trunk
Bifurcation of trachea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Compare pulmonary arteries to veins

What do the main pulmonary veins drain?

A

Pulmonary arteries follow bronchial tree to alveoli.
Pulmonary veins follow intersegmental septa and exit hilum inferior to arteries.

Right:
Superior drains upper and middle lobe
Inferior drains LL

Left:
Superior drains UL + LIngular
Inferior drains LL

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the breast should always been with:

Inferior border of breast? and ribs cover

After the apical nodes what happens?

How much of the lymphatic drainage of the breast is through the axillary nodes

With obstruction of usual lymphatics what can happen?

A

“Deep and superficial (Sappey’s) plexi merge”

Inframammary fold, breast covers ribs 2-6

Subclavian trunk -> right or left thoracic ducts

Axillary nodes drain 75%

Lymphatics may cross to contralateral side through superficial (dermal channel), deep (internal mammmary interconnections) or to the retro-pectoral nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Roots of:
Sacral plexus
Sciatic nerve
Pudendal nerve

A

Sacral plexus
L4-S4

Sciatic nerve
L4-S3

Pudendal nerve
S2-S4

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Roots of the sacral plexus:

Divided into what rami?

A

L4-S4.

Anterior Rami (s1-s4): Pelvic splanchnic, pudendal, perineal (S4)
Anterior division of anterior rami (L4, S3) - gives off tibial sciatic branch.
Posterior rami (L4, s2) - Given of common peroneal sciatic branch
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is the lymphatic drainage of:

1) Body of pancreas
2) Tail of pancreas

A

Pancreosplenic nodes - follow splenic to coeliac nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What does the pudendal artery and nerve pass through to ext the ol pelv? what other thing goes through there?

A

The lesser sciatic foramen, also the tendon of internal obturator

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Describe illiopsoas at the level of the symphysis:

A

Lateral and most bulky part is illiacus.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where do these nodes drain:
Apical axillary
Sacral/pre sacral

A

Apical -> subclavian trunk - >thoracic duct

Pre sacral:
Drain to any of
1) Common iliac
2) Lumbar trunks
3) Inferior mesenteric
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

How long is the male urethra?

Name the parts

A

18-22cm

Prostatic, membranous, bolbous, spongy, and navicular fossa, external urethral orifice.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

How many segments of the liver are there? Give the 1 st 4 with land marks

A

There are 8.
The 1st is the caudate lobe
2 and 3 are left lobe (2 sup, 3 inf)
4 is high and runs the right side of falciform, laterally bounded by Cantillie’s line.
The rest circle clock wise from inferior so that 5 is superior to 8 and 6 (inferior) and 7(superior) form the borders.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Hepatic lobule components

A

6 portal triads (portal venue, arteriole, bile duct) at the points of a hexagram surrounding a central vein (to hepatic vein) connected by sinusoids and surrounded by hepatocytes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contents of middle mediastinum:

A 
pericardium
heart
great vessels joining the heart
ascending aorta
pulmonary trunk
right pulmonary artery
left pulmonary artery
  the lower half of the superior vena cava
tracheal bifurcation and both main bronchi
phrenic nerves
cardiac plexus
tracheobronchial lymph nodes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

sub sites of the oropharynx:

A

1) base of tongue,
2) tonsil and pillars, and
3) uvula, soft palate, and (4 is often included in 3)
4) posterior pharyngeal wall.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Lymphatic drainage of the subsides of oropharynx:

A

Tonsils:
Channels drain unilaterally (WELL LATERALISED TONSILS) through the reteropharynx/peripharyngeal space to jugulodiagstric/deep cervical nodes.

BOT:
Midline drains bilaterally to jugulodigastrics. and more laterally, drains unilaterally to those.

Soft palate, uvula (sometimes posterior wall included):

(1) medially to the middle third of the jugular chain,
(2) laterally to the retropharyngeal (RP) lymphatics, and
(3) anteriorly to the hard palate and subsequently into the submental and submandibular nodal group

Posterior pharyngeal wall (the epiglottis, the borders of the tonsillar complexes, and the lateral aspects of the piriform sinuses inferiorly): Drains bilaterally Predominately to IIA, also to middle deep Cx nodes (occasionally to posterior triangle).

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

things in the nasopharynx:

A 
Torus Tubaris
Tubal tonsils
Opening of eustachian tubes
Salpingopharygeal recess
Pharyngeal recess
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Drainage of the nasopharynx

A

Laterally (predominant pathway) through superior constrictors to drain into uppermost deep cervical drains (can also drain to level Va).
Posterior (roof and posterior wall): drain to upper retropharygeal nodes.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Formula for EQD2:

A

EQD= D((d+α/β)/(2+α/β))

20
Q

Describe the sublingual gland

A

Paired almond shaped and sized salivary gland (the smallest of the 3 paired man salivary glands) in the anterior floor of mouth. Lobes either side of midline/frenulum of tongue. Covered superiorly by floor of mouth mucosa.
Produces mucinous saliva.
Excreted though 5-8 lateral ducts (of Rivinus) and large/main anterior duct (Bartholen’s) which empties via the caruncles on each side of the frenulum.

21
Q

Describe the submandibular gland

A

1 of three paired salivary glands
Ovoid in shape and roughly thumb sized.
Produces a mix of serous and mucous saliva.
Lies along the body of the mandible, both partly deep and partly superficial to the mylohyoid
muscle.

22
Q

Describe the parotid

A

Paired/bilateral structure. Largest of the 3 paired salivary glands. The superficial surface is approximately triangular, 5cm high, 4cm deep, 3cm wide.
Lobulated irregular shaped, it can be divided into deep and superficial lobes, separated by the facial nerve.
Along with the masseter lies within a depression known as the parotid region (this region has SCM as posterior border, zygomatic arch superior, masseter anteriorly, inferior border of mandible inferiorly)
Produces serous saliva.

23
Q

The hypogastric nerve arises from

And supplies?

Injury results in?

A

The hypogastric nerve arises from the ventral nerve roots of T12 to L3 and supplies sympathetic nerve innervation. The hypogastric nerve may be associated with the visceral fascia of the mesorectum.
Injury to the hypogastric plexus results in increased bladder tone, impaired ejaculation, and dyspareunia.

24
Q

What do you always forget to draw when drawing the stomach?

A

Angular incisure, also point out the cardia

25
Q

Which adductor muscle makes up the posterior wall of the adductor canal?

What forms the roof and lateral?

Contents?

A

Adductor longus

Sartorial forms roof

Initially rectus femurs forms wall, then more inferiorly it rectus medius.

femoral artery and vein, branches of femoral nerve, sub sartorial nerve.

26
Q

The mandibular division of the trigeminal V3 nerve exits through which BOS foramen?

A

Foramen oval

27
Q

Outline the relations of 2nd part of duodenum

A

Ant: Liver, transverse colon and jejunum
Post: R kidney, R ureter, rR renal vessels, R adrenal glands, IVC and R psoas major
Lateral: Ascending colon, R colic flexure, R kidney
Medial: Head of pancreas, ampulla, bile duct and accessory pancreatic duct

28
Q

Low rectal tumour extending past dentate line
- Lymph node groups drains to
- If above dentate line which nodal groups could be excluded?

A
  • Bilateral inguinal (could be excluded if tumour above dentate line)
  • Bilateral external iliac nodes (could be excluded if tumour above dentate line)
    Bilateral internal iliac
    Bilateral obturator
    Mesorectal
    Presacral lymph node groups
29
Q

Outline the origin and supply of the superior, middle and inferior rectal arteries

A

SRA
- Origin: Branch of the IMA
- Supply: Upper 2/3 of the rectum
MRA
- Origin: Branch of the internal iliac artery
- Supply: Lower 1/3 of the rectum
IRA
-Origin: Branch of the internal pudendal artery
- Supply: Anorectal junction, anal canal, internal and external anal sphincters and perianal skin

30
Q

Microscopic structure of skin

A
  1. Epidermis: Stratum corner, stratum lucidum, stratum granulosum, stratum spinous, stratum basale
  2. Basal lamina
  3. Dermis containing small vessels, nerve endings, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, connective tissue, hair follicle
  4. Hypodermis/subcutaneous fat
31
Q

Lymphatic drainage of lungs

A
32
Q

Brachial Plexus

A

Roots - C5,C6,C7,C8,T1
Trunks - Superior, Middle, Inferior
Divisions -
Cords - Lateral, midial, posterior
Branches/nerves: Musculocutaneous, Axillary, Median, Ulnar, Radial (MAMUR)

33
Q

Things that could be in a certain region when asked to list:

A
  1. Nerves
  2. Nodes
  3. Arteries
  4. Veins
  5. Fat / space
  6. Fascia
  7. Bones
  8. Muscle
34
Q

5 axillary lymph node groups and their location

A
  1. Anterior (pectoral) group
    - Located on medial wall of axilla
  2. Posterior group (Subscapular)
    - Along posterior axillary fold and sub scapular vessels
  3. Lateral group (Humeral)
    - Along lateral wall of axilla
  4. Central group
    - Situated deep to pec minor (i.e. level II axilla)
  5. Apical group
    - Situated at apex of axilla, medial to axillary vein (i.e. level III axilla)
35
Q

Recurrent laryngeal nerve anatomy

A
36
Q

Course of thoracic duct

A
37
Q

Superior Mediastinum borders

A

The superior mediastinum is bordered by the following thoracic structures:

Superior – Thoracic inlet.
Inferior – Continuous with the inferior mediastinum at the level of the sternal angle.
Anterior – Manubrium of the sternum.
Posterior – Vertebral bodies of T1-4.
Lateral – Pleurae of the lungs.

38
Q

o Describe the course and relations of the right ureter in the abdomen

A
  1. Begins at the right renal pelvis/hilum at level of L2 vertebra. Approx 25cm long
  2. Abdominal part: Descends vertically in retroperitoneum along the medial edge of psoas, then enters the pelvis in front of SI joint (crossing anteriorly over bifurcation of common iliac artery)
  3. Pelvic Part: travels down lateral pelvic wall. At the level of the ischial spines, they turn anteromedially moving in a transvers plane towards the bladder. Pierces the bladder at its lateral aspect in an oblique manner. This creates a one way valve.
  4. Runs under the uterine artery (vas deferens in Men)“water under the bridge”
  5. Relations:
    * Anteriorly – parietal peritoneum, duodenum, teminal ileum, R gonadal artery, vas deferens
    * Posteriorly: Right Psoas, TVPs of L2-L5, bifurication of R common iliac artery.
39
Q

Dermatomes and Myotomes

A
40
Q

Course of thoracic duct

A
41
Q

Prostate anatomy

A

4 zones:
- Transitional zone (surrounding urethra.
-Fibromuscular stroma (anterior zone)
- Central zone (surrounding ejaculatory ducts)
- Peripheral zone (posterior/lateral)

42
Q

Nerves exiting via Jugular Foramen

A
43
Q

Contents of superior orbital fissure

A
44
Q

Trigeminal nerve

A
45
Q

Pancreas - parts

A
46
Q

Cartilages of the larynx

A

9 total, 3 unpaired and 6 paired.
Unpaired: Thyroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage, epiglottis
Paired: Arytenoid cartilages, Corniculate cartilages, Cuneiform cartilages,

47
Q

H+N nodes and possible sites of malignancy

A

Phase 1 RANZCR cards NG (7 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions