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MRCS-A Dr. SK > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(47 cards)

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1
Q

contents of cubital fossa medial to lateral

A

MBBR ✌️
MEDIAN NERVE
BRACHIAL ARTERY
BICEPS TENDON
RADIAL NERVE

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2
Q

ulnar paradox
closer to the paw worse is the claw

A

supplies the ulnar half of FDP and intrinsic muscles of the hand except LOAF
Division at wrist - claw hand (ring and little finger hyperextended at mcpj and flexed at ip joint

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3
Q

mesonephric duct derivatives

A

male and female
ureter
renal pelvis
calyces
collecting tubules

male only
epididimis
vas deferans
seminal vesicles
ejaculatory duct

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4
Q

paramesonephric ducts or mullerian ducts

A

lateral to mesonephric
fallopian tubes
uterus
cervix
upper part of vagina
vaginal wall

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5
Q

illioinguinal nerve

A

T12 L1
sensory supply
pubic symphisis
superior and medial femoral triangle
mons pubis
labia majora

commences at lateral border of psoas major
pierces the TA and IO

INJURY
Lower abdominal surgery
orchidectomy
appendicectomy
hyseterectomy

CF- worsening of symptoms on palpation medial to ASIS
numbness and paraesthesia over inguinal ligament
inner thigh labua majora and perinium

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6
Q

dynamic stabilisers of patella

A

quadriceps anteriorly
hamstrings posteriorly
gastrocnemeus medially and laterally

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7
Q

narrowest part of male urethra also least dilatable

A

membranous

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8
Q

muscles attaching to greater trochanter of femur

A

POGO
piriformis
obturator internus
gluteus medius minimus and both gemeli
obturator externus

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9
Q

alcock canal syndrome

A

pudendal nerve s2s3s4

pain
urinary or fecal incontinence
sensory disturbances of perinium and genitalia

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10
Q

piriformis syndrome

A

sciatic nerve entrapment
radicular pain into the buttocks

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11
Q

sternal angle important events

A

2nd rib
aorta- ascending aorta ends, arch of aorta begins and ends, descending aorta begins
trachea bifurcation
pulmonary trunk bifurcation
left recurrent laryngeal nerve wraps around ligamentum arteriosum
azygous vein drains into svc
thiracic duct crosses from left to right
cardiac plexus

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12
Q

embryology of diaphragm

A

septum transversum — tendinous part of diaphragm
pleuroperitoneal membrane and peripheral body wall muscles — muscular part
mysentry of oesophagus— crura of diaphragm

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13
Q

diaphragm openings

A

T8 — IVC, rigth phrenic nerve, lymph nodes
T10 — esophagus and rt(post) and left(ant) vagus/trunks
T12 — azygous vein, esophagus, thoracic duct

I 8 10 Eggs At 12

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14
Q

embryology of heart

A
  1. right sinus venosus— sinus venerum( smooth wall of rt atrium)
  2. left sinus venosus— coronary sinus
  3. primitive atrium— adult trabeculated atria(pectinate muscles)
  4. primitive left venricle — left ventricle
  5. bulbus cordis— rt ventricle + outflow regions
  6. conus cordis— outflow of ventricles
  7. truncus arteriosus— ascending aorta and pulmonary trunk
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15
Q

surfaces of heart

A

anterior/sternocostal — right ventricle
posterior/ base — left atrium
inferior/diaphragmatic— left and right ventricle
rt pulmonary— rt atrium
lt pulmonary — lt ventricle

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16
Q

coronary sulcus

A

atrioventricular groove
right coronary artery runs here

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17
Q

tranveesepericardial sinus

A

posterior to aorta and pulmonary trunk
anterior to svc
superior to left atrium

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18
Q

fetal shunt adult remnant

A

foramen ovale — fossa ovalis (rt atrium)
ductus arteriosus— ligamentum arteriosum
ductus venosus— lgamentum venosum
umbilical vein— ligamentum teres

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19
Q

crista terminalis

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A

inferior surface of right atrium
devided into sinus venerum and atrium proper

20
Q

trabeculae carnae

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A

inflow portion of both ventricles

21
Q

conus arteriosus

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A

aka infundibulum
located in superior aspect of rt ventricle

22
Q

coronary arteries fill during which phase of cardiac cycle

23
Q

layers of pericardium

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A

FPSV
Fibrous
parietal layer of serous pericaridum
serous fluid
visceral layer of serous pericardium (epicardium)

24
Q

SA NODE AND AV NODE supplied by

25
AV BUNDLES SUPPLIED BY
LCA
26
valves in the heart
valve of coronary sinus—- thebesian valve valve of ivc —- eustachian valve
27
venous drainage of oesophageal varices
hemiazygous or azygous vein( systemic)
28
sibsons fascia
fascia covering the apex of the lung runs from C7 to 1st rib, overloes apex of both lungs b/w pleura and thoracic cage
29
layers in GIT
Mucosa — a. epithelium b. lamina propria c. muscularis mucosa Submucosa — meissners plexus Muscularis propria — a. circular muscle, b. Auerbachs plexus , c. longitudinal muscle Serosa (intraperitoneal) Adventitia (extraperitoneal)
30
oesophagus constrictions
ABCD A— arch of Aorta B— left main Bronchus C— Cricoid D— Diaphragmatic hiatus
31
Azygous lobe of lung
commonest accesory lobe, site— Right upper lobe, where the azygous vein forms a deep impression seen superior to the hilum of the right lung
32
SVC obstruction collateral venous system
1. azygous venous system 2. internal mammary venous pathway 3. long thoracic venous pathway a. femoral b. vertebral
33
individual with left sided SVC, pathway to enter the heart
coronary sinus
34
Azygous venous system
1. Azygous vein — union of right Lumbar Vein and right Subcostal vein enters via aortic hiatus, drains into SVC 2. Hemiazygous vein — union of Left Lumbar vein and Left Subcostal vein enter through left crus, drains into Azygous vein on the left, moves to the right at the level of T9 3. Acessory Hemiazygous vein — union of 4th to 8th intercostal veins drains into Azygous vein at the level of T8
35
Thoracic Duct
Origin- cisterna chyli in abdomen enters through aoritc hiatus acends to lie directly anterior to t6-t12 vertebrae, deviates to the left at the level of T4 drains into junction between Left IJV and left Subclavian vein
36
course of oesophagus
starts at C6 level (cricoid) crosses anteriorly to the left main bronchus, lies behind left atrium and passes through muscular part of diaphragm(rt crus) innervated by recurrent laryngeal nerve
37
vasculature and lymphatics of oesophagus
part. arterial. venous. lymphatics 1. upper 1/3. inferior thyroid artery inferiothyroid vein. lower deep cervical 2. middle 1/3. oesophageal artery Azygous vein. posterior mediastinal 3. lower 1/3. left gastric artery. left gastric vein. coeliac nodes
38
TOF
Unequal devision of Conus d/t anterior displacement of conotruncal septum 1. pulmonary infundibular stenosis 2. VSD 3. overriding aorta 4. RVH
39
ASD
Failure of Endocardial cushions to fuse massesof mesemchyme in atrioventricular and conotruncal region of bulbus cordis
40
cupola
Cervical pleura extends 2.5 cm above medial 1/3 of clavicle
41
site of SVC cannulation
infraclavicular 1-2 cm inferior and lateral to junction between medial 1/3 and lateral 2/3 of clavicle
42
anterior relations of oesophagus
LT CCA TRACHEA LT MAIN BRONCHUS PERICARDIUM
43
Posterior relations of oesophagus
Thoracic vertebra Thoracic duct Hemiazygous vein Descending aorta
44
Branches of Axillary Artery
Slap the lawyer save patients attendant devided into three parts by pectoralis minor 1st part — 1 branch — superior thoracic artery 2nd part — 2 branch — thoracoacromial , lateral thoracic artery 3rd part — 3 branches — subscapular( thoracdorsal imp branch) , anterior circumflex and posterior circumflex humeral artery
45
safe triangle
5th ICS, MIDAXILLARY LINE(just anterior), Above 6the rib boundaries posteriorly — lateral border of latissimus dorsi anteriorly — lateral border of pectoralis major inferiorly — 5th ICS Superiorly — base of axilla
46
phrenic nerve course
begins at lateral border of anterior scalene muscle, progresses inferiorly medial to ant. scalene muscle parallel to IJV, deep to prevertebral fascia, Anterior to Subclavian artery and posterior to Subclavian Vein THEN RT AND LT DIFF Right—- enters thorax through thoracic inlet, Descends anterior tolung root , in contact with right pericardium of atrium, exits throught T8 vena caval orifice Left— enters through thoracic inlet, crossing the aortic arch, descends anterior to left lung root, in contact with left pericardium.
47
SVC surface landmarks
1. 1st right costal cartilage— formation by union of left and right brachiocephalic veins 2. sternal angle/T4/T5– Azygous vein pierces SVC 3. 3rd Right Costal cartilage— SVC drains into right atrium

MRCS-A Dr. SK (7 decks)

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