Anatomy

Question 1

Horseshoe Kidney
- What is it?
- What is the associated problem?

Answer 1

= fusion of inferior poles of kidney
Can result in urinary obstruction due to altered course of urethra

Question 2

Where would you test for C7 dermatome?

Answer 2

Middle finger - palmar or dorsal surface

Question 3

Hypothenar muscle supply

Answer 3

Deep Ulnar

Question 4

Thenar muscle supply

Answer 4

Recurrent branch of median

Question 5

Control of finger flexion

Answer 5

Median/ulnar nerve

Question 6

Control of thumb movement

Answer 6

Ulnar nerve

Question 7

Erb-Duchenne Palsy

Answer 7

C5-6 damage

Question 8

Klumpke’s Palsy

Answer 8

T1 damage
= claw hand, no ulnar supply to intrinsic hand muscles

Question 9

Radial Nerve
- Cord
- Loss of functions
- Associations

Answer 9

Posterior cord
Functions
= wrist drop, loss of extension, anaesthesia on dorsum of hand
Associated with humeral neck #

Question 10

Median Nerve
- Loss of functions
- Associations

Answer 10

Loss = weak wrist flexion, no prontation
Associated with ALS, carpal tunnel, diabetes, polyarteritis nodosa

Question 11

Why is ulnar nerve palsy less severe in 3rd and 4th digits?

Answer 11

There is dual nerve supply to these digits

Question 11

Ulnar Nerve
- Loss of functions
- Associations

Answer 11

Claw hand, hypothenar wasting
Associated with wrist laceration, carpal tunnel/elbow injury

Question 11

Median Nerve and forearm flexors

Answer 11

Innervate nearly all EXCEPT only half of FDP

Question 12

Parasympathetic outflow

Answer 12

Cranial = CN III, VII, IX, X
Vagus supplies the thorax and abdomen
Sacral = S1-S3

Question 13

Spinal roots
- Dorsal vs ventral
- Difference between roots and rami

Answer 13

Dorsal = sensory fibres
Ventral = motor fibres
Rami - contain both types of fibre, dorsal ramus and ventral ramus

Question 14

Dorsal column
- modality carried
- spilt into…

Answer 14

Modality = conscious proprioception, fine touch, vibration
Split = gracilus (lower limb), cuneatus (upper limb)

Question 15

Spinothalamic tract
- modality carried
- split into…

Answer 15

Pain and temperature - lateral
Crude touch and pressure - anterior

Question 16

What carries vibration, fine touch and conscious proprioception?

Answer 16

Dorsal column

Question 17

What carries pain, temperature sense?

Answer 17

Lateral spinothalamic

Question 18

What carries crude touch and pressure?

Answer 18

Anterior spinothalamic

Question 19

Corticospinal tract
- modality carried
- split into…

Answer 19

Fine precise movement
Anterior and lateral - lateral fibres have decussated (switched sides) higher up

Question 20

Where is responsible for chorea and Hutington’s Disease?

Answer 20

Caudate nucleus

Question 21

Where is responsible for Parkinson’s Disease?

Answer 21

Substantia nigra

Question 22

What is contained in the straiatum

Answer 22

Caudate nucleus
Putamen
Pallidus

Question 23

What supplies the medial surface of the brain

Answer 23

Anterior cerebral artery

Question 23

Posterior superior temporal gyrus?

Answer 23

Wernicke's area

Question 24

What supplies Broca's area?

Answer 24

Middle cerebral artery

Question 24

Where is Broca's area?

Answer 24

Dominant (left) frontal lobe Broadmann 44 and 45 area Inferior frontal gyrus

Question 25

Where is Wernicke's area?

Answer 25

Temporal lobe Posterior superior temporal gyrus

Question 26

Inferior frontal gyrus?

Answer 26

Broca's area

Question 27

Where is the auditory cortex?

Answer 27

Temporal lobe

Question 28

Where is the visual cortex?

Answer 28

Occipital lobe

Question 29

Central gyrus - divides...

Answer 29

Precentral - motor cortex Postcentral - sensory cortex

Question 30

What secretes CSF? How much is produced/day?

Answer 30

Choroid plexus 100-150ml/day

Question 31

What absorbs CSF?

Answer 31

Arachnoid villa

Question 32

Bitemporal hemianopia - where is lesion?

Answer 32

Optic chiasm

Question 33

L Homonymous Hemianopia - where is lesion?

Answer 33

R optic tract

Question 34

L superior homonymous quadrantopia - where is lesion?

Answer 34

Inferior optic radiations - temporal

Question 35

L inferior homonymous quadrantopia - where is lesion?

Answer 35

Superior optic radiations - parietal

Question 36

Homonymous hemianopia with macula sparing - where is lesion?

Answer 36

Occipital lobe

Question 37

Which CN exits at foramen rotundum?

Answer 37

CN V2

Question 38

Which CN exits at foramen ovale?

Answer 38

CN V3

Question 39

Trigeminal exit cranial fossa?

Answer 39

FRO Superior orbital FISSURE - CN V1 ROTUNDUM - CN V2 OVALE - CN V3

Question 40

Where are the baroreceptors located? What is their innervation?

Answer 40

Carotid - CN IX Aortic - CN X

Question 41

Where does the thoracic aorta commence?

Answer 41

T4

Question 42

Where does the subclavian artery become the axillary artery?

Answer 42

The lateral border of the 1st rib

Question 44

What parts of the carotid are NOT in the carotid sheath? What are their branches?

Answer 44

External carotid - splits into the maxillary and superficial temporal

Question 45

Where is the sympathetic trunk relative to the carotid sheath?

Answer 45

Posterior

Question 46

Where does the SVC enter the right atrium?

Answer 46

3rd costal border

Question 47

Gonadal vessels and IVC

Answer 47

Right - enter directly into the IVC Left - enter via the left renal vein

Question 48

Trachea - start - bifurcation

Answer 48

Start C6 Bifurcation T4

Question 49

Causes of recurrent laryngeal nerve palsy (3)

Answer 49

Aortic aneurysm Lung cancer - left side Left atrial enlargement

Question 50

Duodenum - which part is intraperitoneal?

Answer 50

1st part

Question 51

Diaphragmatic openings

Answer 51

IVC - T8 Oesophagus - T10 Aorta - T12 I ate 10 eggs at 12

Question 52

What are Roth spots associated with?

Answer 52

Carbon monoxide poisoning