Anatomy Flashcards
The Layers of the Scalp?
SCALP
5 Layers
S = Skin
C = Connective tissue
A = Aponeurosis–Flattened tendon that connects the front lobe to the occipital lobe
L = Loose connective tissue
P= Pericranium–Layer that attached to the bone from inside
the scalp arteries form a rich anastomotic network just deep to the skin – scalp lacerations (cut) & incisions can bleed excessively
basically where the connective tissue is
bone-Skull
Bone
Bones of the skull?
Sutures (fibrous joints) help prevent skull fractures from spreading
Fx cannot jump over the suture and the fx stops at the suture
Remember that some are bilateral and some are single (hahaha)
thinnest part of the skull? the related artery?
base of the skull bone and features?
Meninges and Meningitis?
Dura mater?
falx cerebri?
venous drainage of the brain?
Arterial Supply to the Brain?
Circle of Willis?
Subarachnoid Space?
Ventricles of the Brain?
Circulation of CSF?
Hydrocephalus?
Blood Vessels within the Cranial Cavity?
Bleeding Within the Cranial Cavity?
Raised ICP, Herniations & Clinical Signs?
Cranial Numerals, names and fibre types?
Course of a Cranial Nerve?
Foraminae?
Intracranial Part of the Course?
Trigeminal Nerve?
Trigeminal Nerve – Sensory Innervation?
Trigeminal Nerve – Motor Innervation?
Clinical Testing of Trigeminal?
Facial Nerve?
Facial Nerve – Middle Ear Cavity
Muscles of Facial Expression?
Glossopharyngeal Nerves?
Vagus Nerves course?
Vagus Nerves - in the Chest?
Vagus Nerves - in the Neck?
Vagus nerves, in the Abdomen?
Clinical Testing of the Vagus Nerves?
Spinal Accessory Nerves-course?
Spinal Accessory Nerves–Clinical testing?
Hypoglossal Nerves—Course?
Hypoglossal Nerves clinical testing?
Summary of Clinical Testing of Cranial Nerves?
The body wall innervation?
Each pair of spinal nerves supplies everything in one segment of the body wall
- Somatic general sensory e.g. Temperature, pain, tingling
- Motor functions e.g. muscle weakness, loss of balance
Somatic
Sympathetic
Clinical anatomy of testing each spinal nerve segment’s?
sensory function - dermatomes
motor function - myotomes
both of the above simultaneously – spinal cord reflexes
Dermatomes and Examining the Spinal Nerve Dermatomes?
- Most peripheral nerves communicate with the CNS through the spinal cord (except trigeminal)
- Arrangement of paired dorsal and ventral roots giving rise to the spinal nerves is repeated 31 times, forming the spinal segments
- Area of skin innervated by the left and right dorsal roots of a single segment is a dermatome
- When mapped the dermatomes delineate a set of bands on the body surface
- If a single dorsal root is cut the corresponding dermatome does not lose all sensation because of a degree of overlap with the region of adjacent dorsal roots
Note: innervation of the anterior head is by the trigeminal system