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Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Inferior Orbital floor

A

Zygoma,Palatine,Maxillary

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2
Q

Optic canal contents

A

ON, meningeal coverings, ophthalmic artery

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3
Q

Anterior,posterior ethmoidal foramen location

A

Along frontoethmoidal suture

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4
Q

NLD lining

A

Stratified columnar ciliated epithelium

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5
Q

Blood supply of eyelid

A

Medial and lateral palpebral arteries-branch of ICA

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6
Q

Layers of basal lamina of corneal epithelium

A

Lamina lucida(superficial)
Lamina densa(deeper)

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7
Q

Von Willebrand’s knee

A

Inferonasal retinal fibres

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8
Q

Junctional scotoma

A

Unilateral lesion of anterior portion of ipsilateral ON/chiasm-gives I/L central scotoma,C/L superotemporal field defect-due to von willebrands knee

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9
Q

Strongest and weakest orbital wall

A

Lateral and anterior portion of medial

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10
Q

Areas of firm vitreous attachments

A

Vitreous base (strongest), ON,retinal vessels, edges of scars

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11
Q

Average AC depth

A

3.1 mm

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12
Q

Number of cell layers/laminae of Lateral Geniculate Nucleus

A

6

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13
Q

Maximum adherence of vitreous

A

Vitreous Base

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14
Q

Collagen present in vitreous

A

Collagen II, IX

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15
Q

Epithelial type of RPE

A

Monolayer of cuboidal/columnar cells

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16
Q

Main collagen of Sclera

A

Type 1 collagen

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17
Q

Higher concentration of which constituents in aqueous as compared to plasma

A

Lactate,ascorbate,chloride

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18
Q

Suspensory ligament of Lockwood formed by?

A

Sheath of inferior rectus,medial check ligament,lateral check ligament, sheath of inferior oblique

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19
Q

Number of laminae of LGB and crossed and uncrossed fibres end in which laminae?

A

6 laminae: crossed ending in 1,4,6 and uncrossed ending in 2,3,5

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20
Q

Ophthalmic artery relation to optic nerve

A

Infero-lateral

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21
Q

Main pathway for glucose utilisation by corneal epithelium

A

For ATP production anaerobically by conversion to lactate

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22
Q

Which ions are higher in CSF as compared to blood

A

Chloride,Magnesium,Hydrogen

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23
Q

Thickness of tear film

A

3-5 micrometre

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24
Q

Posterior communicating artery aneurysm causes which CN palsy?

A

CN 3- in basilar part runs between posterior cerebral and superior cerebellar artery, lateral to posterior communicating artery

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25
What are zonula adherens
Belt desmosomes-specialized adherens junctions between cells. Their main role is in mechanical adhesion.
26
Axial length of eye at birth
16-17mm Increases rapidly upto 4 years of age then slowly upto 10-12 years of age
27
Largest extraocular rectus muscle
Medial Rectus
28
Least common cones type, most common colour defect?
Least common-Blue cones Most common-Deuteranomaly
29
Anterior and posterior ethmoidal nerve are branches of ?
Nasociliary nerve
30
Length of rods and cones?
Rods-100-120 Cones-60-75 microm
31
Ratio of rods:cones
20:1
32
Retinal crystals associated with which drugs ?
Meth CrysTals Methoxyflurane Canthaxanthine Talc Tamoxifen
33
Blood aqueous barrier
Tight junctions(zonulae occludes) between inner non pigmented ciliary epithelium
34
Great cerebral vein of Galen drains into?
Straight sinus
35
Tight junction prevents passage of?
Water,ions,peptides,proteins between the cells
36
Sensory innervation of entire face given by trigeminal nerve True/Flase
False Sensory innervation of face given by trigeminal nerve except angle of mandible-given by C2,C3 in form of great auricular nerve
37
Contents of petrous part of temporal bone
Internal acoustic meatus (Facial nerve,vestibulocochlear nerve, vestibular ganglion, labyrinthine artery)
38
Volume of globe
6.5ml
39
Core proteins of gap junctions
Connexins
40
Constituent proteins of tight junctions?
Occludin, claudins and junctional adhesion molecules (JAM) are constituent proteins of tight junctions.
41
Ig not found in human tears?
IgD
42
Ratio of cones: bipolar cells: ganglion cells at fovea
1:1:1 but in periphery 1 bipolar cell receives input from 50-100 rods
43
Collagen in vitreous?
2 and 9
44
In order to truly isolate cone function, it is necessary to present a light stimulus as a flicker-flash at what minimum frequency?
>25Hz Rods can respond to flickering stimuli with rates up to 20 Hz. Only cones can respond at higher frequencies, with a maximum of approximately 70 Hz.
45
Where does corneal epithelium receive its glucose and oxygen from?
Oxygen-pre corneal tear film Glucose-from stroma via aqueous and limbal vessels
46
Lacrimal sac fossa formed by?
Lacrimal bone and frontal process of maxilla
47
Thickest wall of globe
Lateral wall -also most exposed and prone to trauma
48
Newborn lacrimation starts at?
Birth But NLD maturation continues in the first year
49
Largest cranial nerve
Trigeminal
50
Accommodation mediated by which nerve?
Short ciliary nerve of CN3
51
Which orbital walls in the globe closer to?
Globe is closer to roof>floor and lateral>medial wall
52
Is the globe longer vertically or anteroposteriorly?
Anteroposteriorly -24mm (vs Vertically-23mm)
53
Uvea is firmly attached to the sclera at which parts ?
Scleral spur, vortex veins, optic disc
54
Number of meibomian glands in upper lid?
30,slightly lower in lower lid
55
RPE is continuous anteriorly with which part of ciliary body?
Pigmented epithelium
56
Which EOM are supplied by ipsilateral nuclei?
SR and SO-supplied by contralateral nuclei Rest all-Ipsilateral nuclei Bilateral LPS supplied by single unpaired nucleus
57
Main GAG of corneal stroma?
Keratan sulphate and dermatan sulphate. The corneal stroma is unusual in that it contains no hyaluronate.
58
Uveal tissue most strongly attached to sclera at which point ?
Optic disc
59
Field defect in posterior chiasma lesions?
Bi temporal hemianopic central scotoma due to involvement of nasal macular fibres
60
Which quadrant of the globe does superior oblique and IO insert into?
SO-Posterosuperior quadrant of globe IO-Postero-lateral
61
Synergists and antagonists of medial rectus muscle?
Synergists-SR and IR Antagonists-LR,SO and IO
62
Volume of aqueous humour in AC?
250 microL (2.5ml)
63
Which human tissue has the highest oxygen consumption per weight?
Retina-highly active metabolic tissue in human body
64
Primary muscle of lip closure?
Orbicularis oculi
65
Origin of inferior oblique muscle
Maxillary bone, posterior to inferiomedial orbital rim, lateral to NLD canal Inserts 17mm behind limbus in posterolateral quadrant
66
First cell in the eye to produce melanin?
RPE
67
Fibrillins are an important part of which structures of the eye?
Zonules, lens capsule, vitreous
68
Zonules produced by?
Non pigmented ciliary epithelium
69
Midget ganglion and midget bipolar cells found in which part of retina?
Fovea Synapse with cones in 1:1:1 ratio-explains high resolution of foveal region
70
Afferent pupillary fibres exit optic tract at ?
Exit from optic tract prior to LGB at pretectal olivary nuclei.
71
Composition of aqueous vs plasma?
Aqueous is hypertonic and acidic Marked excess of ascorbate and deficit of protein
72
Only structure of cartilage in the orbit found on which bone?
Trochlea for passage of tendon of superior oblique-found on frontal bone
73
Anterior and posterior scleral coverings?
Anterior-conjunctiva Posterior-Fascia bulbi (Tenon's fascia)
74
Ocular lymphatic drainage?
Laterally into pre auricular and intraparotid lymph nodes, medially into submandibular and submental lymph nodes All ultimately drain into cervial chain no LN in deep orbit
75
Lacrimal fossa made of ?
Frontal process of maxilla and lacrimal bone
76
Sub retinal space ?
Between RPE and neurosensory retina
77
Cranial nerve with longest intracranial ,longest intradural course?
Intracranial-Trochlear Intradural-Abducens
78
Maximum axons in optic nerve attained at which point of life?
14-15 weeks gestation-6 million steadily decreases to 1.3 million by birth
79
Blood aqueous barrier maintained by?
Tight junctions (zonula occludens) between inner non pigmented ciliary epithelium
80
Human tissue having highest oxygen consumption per weight ?
Retina
81
Average anterior chamber volume and depth?
Depth-3.11mm Vol-220 microL
82
Average posterior chamber volume and depth?
Depth-0.52mm Vol-60 microL
83
Average vitreous chamber volume and depth ?
Depth-16.5mm Vol-5.5ml
84
Longest to shortest recti muscles?
Superior>Medial>Lateral>Inferior (SMLI)
85
Primary interstitial space of retina?
Outer plexiform layer and Henle's layer- In oedema, cystoid spaces accumulate here Retinal haemorrhages and exudates deposited here radially
86
Tear film thickness?
Lipid layer 0.1 μm Aqueous layer 8 μm Mucin Layer 0.02-0.05 μm
87
Anterior most structure of middle cranial fossa?
Sulcus Chiasmatis
88
What does dorsal(posterior) root of spinal column transmit?
Sensory nerves whose cell bodies reside in dorsal root ganglion Motor neurones transmitted via ventral (anterior) roots, including somatic (skeletal motor) and visceral (sympathetic and parasympathetic) components-cell bodies in ventral root ganglia
89
Endothelial pumps at aqueous and stratal interface?
Aqueous-Na/HCO3 co-transporter and HCO3/Cl exchanger Stromal-Na/K ATPase and Na/H antiporter

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