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Yoga > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Scapula

A

Shoulder blade

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2
Q

Humerus

A

Upper arm bone

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3
Q

Joints

A

Connect 2 or more bones

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4
Q

Bones

A

Structurally support the body
Blood cell manufacturing
Highly vascular -> heal quickly

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5
Q

Organ

A

Structure composed of different tissues that perform specialized tasks

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6
Q

Tissue

A

Groups of similar cells that unite to perform a specific function

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7
Q

Cells

A

10 trillion
200 different types
The parts of the cells are called organelles

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8
Q

Superior

A

Situated closer to the crown of the head

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9
Q

Inferior

A

Situated further away from the crown of the head

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10
Q

Lateral

A

Further from the midline

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11
Q

Medial

A

Closer to the midline

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12
Q

Supine

A

On your back

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13
Q

Prone

A

Body face down

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14
Q

Proximal

A

Origin or top of limb

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15
Q

Distal

A

End of the limb or further from the origin of the limb

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16
Q

Posterior

A

Situated after or behind

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17
Q

Anterior

A

Situated in front

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18
Q

2 sections of the skeleton

A

Axial and appendicular

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19
Q

4 main tissues

A

Connective, nerve, muscle, epithelial

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20
Q

Pectoralis major & minor

A

“Breast muscle”, right at the front of the chest

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21
Q

Biceps

A

Front side of the upper arm
Bends the elbow
Pairs with the tricep

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22
Q

Forearm flexors

A

On front side of lower arm
Helps you go into wrist flexion (when your hand points down)

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23
Q

Forearm extensor

A

On your posterior forearm
Helps your wrist go into extension (when your wrist is pointing up)

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24
Q

Latisimis Dorsi

A

Flat muscle on the back that stretches to the sides, behind the arm
Right below your scapula
Moves the arm back in space

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25
Q

Triceps

A

Three-headed muscle on the back of the arm
Pairs with the bicep

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26
Q

Deltoids

A

Seashell shaped muscle that forms the rounded counter on the human shoulder
Split up into anterior, posterior, and middle

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27
Q

Levator Scapulae

A

From top of spine to the medial edge of the shoulder blade
Elevates the scapula

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28
Q

Trapezius

A

Triangle shaped muscle that goes all the way from C1 to T12
Split into upper, middle, lower
Use them when you shrug or pull your shoulders back

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29
Q

Cartilage

A

Flexible connective tissue
Absorbs shock
Distributes force
Non-vascular
Wraps the end of bones

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30
Q

Ligaments

A

Connects bone to bone
Extremely tough collagen fibres
Mostly non-vascular
Most irreparable connective tissue
Duct tape of the body

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31
Q

Tendons

A

Connects muscle to bone or muscle to muscle
Tough elastin & collagen fibres
Reluctant to stretch
Vascular but heals slowly

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32
Q

3 types of muscle

A

Cardiac
Smooth
Skeletal

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33
Q

Sprain

A

Torn ligament

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34
Q

Strain

A

Torn tendon

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35
Q

Muscles

A

~ 800 in the body
Work to produce movement by contracting

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36
Q

Cardiac muscle

A

Found in the heart
Squeezes blood from your heart
Run in many directions
Involuntary

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37
Q

Smooth muscle

A

Found in organs
Controlled by autonomic nervous system

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38
Q

Skeletal muscles

A

Under the skin, attached to bones, help with motion of body
Run in a single direction (contracts)
Voluntary
Mobility and stability
Work in agonist/antagonist relationship

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39
Q

Concentric contraction

A

Muscle shortens continuously while moving through a range of motion

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40
Q

Isometric contraction

A

Muscles generate force & tension but doesn’t change in length, bones not moving

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41
Q

Eccentric contraction

A

Muscle contracts while lengthening

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42
Q

Fascia

A

Biological web that holds us together
Gooey, wet, fibrous
Ability to lengthen
High % of composition is elastin fibres
HIGHLY vascular

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43
Q

Passive static stretching

A

Body weight & gravity are major forces to lengthen the target muscle

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44
Q

Active static stretching

A

Agonist muscles strongly contract to lengthen the antagonist

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45
Q

Proprioception

A

The body’s sense of itself
How we can gauge the location of our body as we move through space

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46
Q

Humerus

A

Long upper arm bone

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47
Q

Diaphragm

A

Dome shaped muscle at the bottom of the lungs
Contraction: goes down, breathe in
Relaxation: comes back up, breathe out

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48
Q

Glenoid cavity

A

Cavity on the scapula where it meets the humerus bone

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49
Q

Clavicle

A

Collar bone

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50
Q

Acromion

A

Pointy part of the scapula that meets the clavicle
At the top of the shoulder

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51
Q

GH joint

A

Glenoid-humeral joint
Where the humerus and glenoid cavity (if the scapula) meet
Ball & socket joint

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52
Q

Rotator cuff

A

Muscle group that stabilizes the GH joint

53
Q

Scapula-thoracic joint

A

Where your shoulder blade meets your thoracic ribcage

54
Q

AC joint

A

Acromion-clavicular joint
Where the top of your shoulder blade (acromion) meets your clavicle
Not much movement

55
Q

Serratus anterior

A

Splays out from the lateral side of the scapula
Contracts when you throw a punch or push into the ground

56
Q

Rhomboids

A

Between your scapula and spine
Contracts when you push your shoulder blades together

57
Q

Sections of the spine

A

Cervical (7)
Thoracic (12)
Lumbar(5)
Sacrum (5 but all crunched together)

58
Q

Vertebra

A

The individual bone components of the spine that all connect together at vertebral joints

59
Q

Spinous process

A

The pointy part of the vertebra that you feel along your back

60
Q

Inferior articulate process

A

Part of the vertebra that forms the joint of where the vertebra connect with the one below it

61
Q

Superior articular process

A

Part of the vertebra that forms the joint with the inferior articular process of the vertebra above it

62
Q

Vertebral canal

A

The hole in the center of the vertebra where the spinal cord goes

63
Q

Intervertebral disk

A

Aka spinal disk
The cartilage that is between the body of the vertebra
There is jelly in the middle of the disk

64
Q

Erector spinae group

A

Muscles that run up and down the spine
Keep you erect and uptight
Fully contract when back bending

65
Q

Quadratus lumborum

A

Muscle that “lifts the hip”
Aids in breathing
Extends, stabilizes, and laterally flexes the lumbar spine
Goes from the lumbar vertebrae to the top of the ilium

66
Q

Rotares

A

Many little muscles in the center of the back
Help with twisting

67
Q

Lower trapezius

A

Aid with mid back movement

68
Q

Transverse abdominus

A

Big, deep corset that is all the way from the bottom of your ribs to your low belly

69
Q

Rectus abdominis

A

Your 6/8 pack muscles
More superficial

70
Q

Internal obliques

A

Wrap from the hip bone to around the last few ribs
Wrap “up”
Below the external obliques

71
Q

External obliques

A

Wrap from around your side breast to towards your belly button
Wrap “down”
Above the internal obliques

72
Q

Pelvic floor

A

All the muscles that wrap the inside of your pelvis

73
Q

Ilium

A

Large, ear shaped bone of the pelvis that connects to the sacrum and the pubic bone

74
Q

ASIS

A

Anterior superior iliac spine
The front sticky outty bit of your pelvis (on your ilium)
Your “hip bone”

75
Q

PSIS

A

Posterior superior iliac spine
The dimples near the bottom of your spine
The sticky outty bit at the top/back of your ilium

76
Q

Iliac crest

A

The side of your ilium that rounds

77
Q

Ischial tuberosity

A

Your sit bones
Big bones of the pelvis that have a hole above them for bundles of nerves

78
Q

Femur

A

Big thigh bone that goes all the way to your pelvis (under the acetabular rim)

79
Q

Femural head

A

Head of the femur attaches to the bottom lateral side of the pelvis

80
Q

Greater Trochanter

A

GT
Part of the femur that sticks out to the side
Makes the widest part of the body
Femural head juts out from this and in towards the body

81
Q

Femoral Acetabulum Joint

A

Where the head of the femur meets the acetabular rim (of the pelvis)
This is the hip joint!!!

82
Q

SI Joint

A

Sacroiliac joint
Where the ilium meets the sacrum
Basically no movement in this joint

83
Q

Pubis bone

A

Little bone at the bottom of the pelvis

84
Q

Psoas

A

Muscle that goes from T12 to the top of the femur
Wraps around the body
Picks up the femur
This is your hip flexor!!!

85
Q

Gluteus Maximus

A

Main hip extensor
Big muscle of the butt
The most superficial muscle of the butt

86
Q

Glute medius & minimus

A

Minimus is underneath medius
They both help with stabilizing the outer pelvis and hip abduction
Up higher than the gluteus Maximus and more lateral

87
Q

Deep six hip rotators

A

All do external hip rotation
On the back and side of the butt

88
Q

Tensor Fascia Latte

A

Devoted to internal rotation of the hip
On the front lateral side of the hip

89
Q

Illiotibal Band

A

IT band of fascia
Goes from the top of the hip all the way down to cross the knee
Gives some lateral stabilization to the knee
Connects hip to knee

90
Q

Quadricep

A

Big muscle on the front of the thigh
Actually made up of 4 muscles: rectus femoris, vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius

91
Q

Adductors

A

Help with internal rotation of the hip
About 5 of them
Attach from pubis & sacrum all the way to the bottom of your femur

92
Q

Hamstrings

A

3 hamstring muscles: semitendinosua, semimembranosus, biceps femoris
Crosses the back of the knee (medial and lateral)
Main job is to flex the knee

93
Q

Knee

A

Joint where the femur and tibia meet
Hinge joint
Doesn’t like to twist

94
Q

Tibia

A

Bone on the front of your shin

95
Q

Fibula

A

Bone on the lateral side of your shin
Makes your “ankle bone” on the lateral side of your ankle

96
Q

Patella

A

Knee cap
Embedded in the tendon that attaches the femur to the tibia

97
Q

Lateral meniscus

A

The cartilage connecting the tibia to the femur
On the lateral side of the leg

98
Q

Medial meniscus

A

The cartilage connecting the tibia to the femur
On the medial side of the leg

99
Q

Lateral collateral ligament

A

Connects the tibia and femur on the lateral side of the knee

100
Q

Medial collateral ligament

A

Connects the tibia and femur on the medial side of the knee

101
Q

Tibial tuberosity

A

The part of the tibia that sticks out (on the front)

102
Q

Quadriceps tendon

A

The tendon that reaches down from the quadricep to the knee (patella is on top)
It turns into the patellar tendon

103
Q

Lateral Maleolos

A

The bottom of the fibula that makes your outer ankle bone

104
Q

Medial maleolos

A

The bottom of the tibia that makes the inner ankle bump

105
Q

Calcaneus

A

Heel bone

106
Q

Metatarsals

A

The long bones of your foot that go along the top of the foot

107
Q

Phalanges

A

The toe bones

108
Q

Talus

A

Connects the tibia and fibula to the calcaneus

109
Q

Tibilias anterior

A

Muscle on the lateral side of the shin that helps flex the foot

110
Q

Gastrocnemius muscle

A

Muscle on the medial side of the shin that helps point the foot
Criss crosses with the bottom of the medial and lateral hamstring muscles

111
Q

Achilles tendon

A

Goes from mid calf (tibilias anterior and gastrocnemius muscle) all the way down to the calcaneus

112
Q

Anterior transverse arch

A

The ball of the foot

113
Q

Lateral longitudinal arch

A

The arch on the lateral side of the bottom of your foot

114
Q

Medial longitudinal arch

A

The arch on the medial side of the bottom of the foot

115
Q

Plantar fascia

A

The fascia that lines the arch of the foot

116
Q

Brain

A

Keeps all other organs in check
Memory; dreams, speaking, imagination
Manages temperature, hunger, thirst, love, fear, etc

117
Q

Heart

A

Pumps oxygenated blood throughout the body

118
Q

Lungs

A

Brings fresh oxygen into your body
Removes carbon dioxide and other gas waste products

119
Q

Stomach

A

Creates a highly acidic environment used to digest everything you eat
Breaks down food for the intestine which then absorbs the actual nutrients

120
Q

Kidneys

A

Clean and process your blood
Picks out the waste and returns fresh blood to your bloodstream
Extra water in the blood becomes urine

121
Q

Spleen

A

Keeps your blood tidy and fresh by battling diseases in the bloodstream
Primary blood filter and largest lymph organ
Attack foreign bodies and cleans worn out red and white blood cells

122
Q

Bladder

A

Stores urine until you’re ready to go

123
Q

Intestines

A

Small intestine absorbs nutrients from food
Large intestine absorbs water and excretes solid waste

124
Q

Liver

A

Makes cholesterol, bile, proteins, and the clotting factors needed to stop bleeding
Stores sugars, proteins, vitamins for later use
Breaks down harmful substances and metabolizes drugs

125
Q

Pancreas

A

Nestled at the bottom of the stomach and the top of the small intestine
Produces digestive enzymes and insulin (which processes glucose from the blood stream)

126
Q

Gallbladder

A

Collects and concentrates bile (which digests fat)

127
Q

Uterus

A

Female reproductive organ
Ovaries release eggs which may or may not be fertilized by an incoming sperm
No sperm. -> egg and uterine lining flush out in the menstrual cycle

128
Q

Central nervous system

A

Processes, interprets, stores information
Issues orders to muscles, glands, organs
Includes the brain and spinal cord

129
Q

Peripheral nervous system

A

Transmits info to and from the CNS
Includes the somatic nervous system (controls skeletal muscles) and the autonomic nervous system (regulates glands, blood vessels, internal organs)

Yoga (3 decks)

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