Anatomy

Question 1

What 2 structures make up the upper urinary tract?

Answer 1

Kidneys
Ureters

Question 2

What 2 structures make up the lower urinary tract?

Answer 2

Bladder
Urethra

Question 3

What is meant by a retroperitoneal structure?

Answer 3

One that lies behind the peritoneal cavity.

An example is the kidneys.

Question 4

Name 3 retroperitoneal structures?

Answer 4

Kidneys
IVC
Abdominal aorta

Question 5

What 3 structures are found at the kidney hilum?

Answer 5

Renal artery
Renal vein
Ureter

Question 6

Which muscle lies posteromedial to the kidney?

Answer 6

Psoas major

Question 7

Which muscles lies most posterior to the kidney?

Answer 7

Quadratus lumborum (a bilateral structure)

Question 8

Why is the right kidney lower than the left?

Answer 8

Due to the presence of the liver on the RHS.

Question 9

Which kidney is found between L1 and L3?

Answer 9

Right kidney

Question 10

Which kidney is found between T12 and L2?

Answer 10

Left kidney

Question 11

What may result from a floating rib fracture?

Answer 11

Kidney injury
Splenic rupture

Question 12

What is the significance of the hepatorenal recess?

Answer 12

It is the deepest part of the abdominal cavity when supine.

Question 13

What 2 causes may result in an internal ureteric obstruction?

Answer 13

Renal calculus
Blood clot

Question 14

Obstruction at which sites will produce unilateral hydronephrosis?

Answer 14

Bladder
Urethra

Question 15

What is the purpose of the internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 15

Contracts during ejaculation to prevent the backflow of semen into the bladder.

Question 16

What are the 2 routes through which a patient may be catheterised?

Answer 16

Urethra
Suprapubic

Question 17

Obstruction at which sites will produce unilateral hydronephrosis?

Answer 17

Calyces
Renal pelvis
Ureter
Bladder

Question 18

Do females have an internal urethral sphincter?

Answer 18

No, only seen in males.

Question 19

Where are sperm stored following production?

Answer 19

Epidydymis

Question 20

Where do the testes originate?

Answer 20

The posterior abdominal wall

Descends to the scrotum via the inguinal canal.

Question 21

Which structures are found in the spermatic cord?

Answer 21

Testicular artery
Testicular vein
Vas deferens

Question 22

A pathological collection of fluid within the 2 layers of the tunica vaginalis may be referred to as what?

Answer 22

Hydrocele

Question 23

What 2 structures comprise the ejaculatory duct?

Answer 23

Seminal vesicle
Vas deferens

Question 24

Where does the right testicular vein drain to?

Answer 24

IVC

Question 25

Where does the left testicular vein drain to?

Answer 25

Left renal vein

Question 26

Which artery supplies the penis?

Answer 26

Internal iliac artery

Question 27

Which arteries supply the scrotum?

Answer 27

Internal iliac artery External iliac artery

Question 28

Where does lymph from the testes drain to?

Answer 28

Lumbar lymph nodes Due to origin of testicles near the abdominal aorta.

Question 29

What are the 4 main components of a nephron?

Answer 29

Bowman's capsule Proximal convoluted tubule Loop of Henle Distal convoluted tubule

Question 30

Where does the vas deferens join the urethra?

Answer 30

At the prostate.

Question 31

What are the 5 nerve fibre modalities?

Answer 31

Sensory Motor Visceral afferent Parasympathetic Sympathetic

Question 32

Which nerves control ureteric peristalsis and the contractile function of the bladder?

Answer 32

Autonomic nerves An involuntary process.

Question 33

Which urethral sphincter is voluntary?

Answer 33

External urethral sphincter

Question 34

Which urethral sphincter is involuntary?

Answer 34

Internal urethral sphincter Only seen in males.

Question 35

How do viscera receive sympathetic innervation?

Answer 35

Splanchnic nerves

Question 36

Is parasympathetic innervation provided to the body wall?

Answer 36

No

Question 37

Which 3 structures are the only ones with somatic motor innervation within the renal tract?

Answer 37

Distal urethra External urethral sphincter Levator ani

Question 38

Which spinal nerves control the flow of urine?

Answer 38

S2, S3, S4