Anatomy Flashcards
(28 cards)
Apex of the heart
- Lowest part of the heart
- Formed by the inferolateral part of the left ventricle
- Projects anteriorly and to the left
- At the level of the 5th intercostal space and the left midclavicular line
Base of the heart
- Upper border of the heart
- Involves the left atrium, part of the right atrium, and proximal portions of the great vessels
- At the level of the 2nd intercostal space just below the 2nd rib
Endocardium
The endothelial tissue that lines the interior of the heart chambers and valves.
Epicardium
- The serous layer of the pericardium
- Contains the epicardial coronary arteries and veins, autonomic nerves, and lymphatics
Myocardium
The thick contractile middle layer of muscle cells that forms the bulk of the heart wall.
Pericardium
A double-walled connective tissue sace that surround the outside of the heart and the great vessels.
Aorta
- Body’s largest artery
- Carries blood from the left ventricle, up/over/back through the aortic arch, then descends into the thoracic aorta, then the abdominal aorta.
Inferior vena cava
Vein that returns deoxygenated venous blood from the lower body and viscera to the right atrium
Superior vena cava
Vein that returns deoxygenated veonous blood from the head, neck, and arms to the right atrium
Pulmonary arteries
Arteries that carry deoxygenated blood from the right ventricle to the left and right lungs
Pulmonary veins
Veins that carry oxygenated blood from the right and left lungs to the left atrium
Coronary arteries
- Network of small vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the myocardium
- Branch off of the aorta just past where it leaves the left ventricle
Coronary veins
- The small, middle, and great cardiac veins drain into the coronary sinus, which empties into the right atrium
- The thesbian veins arise in the myocardium and drain into all chambers of the heart, mostly the right atrium and right ventricle.
Tricuspid valve
- Right AV valve
- 3 leaflets
- Controls blood flow from right atrium to right ventricle
Pulmonary valve
- Right semilunar valve
- Controls blood flow from right ventricle to pulmonary arteries
Mitral (Bicuspid) valve
- Left AV valve
- 2 leaflets
- Controls blood flow from the left atrium to the left ventricle
Aortic valve
- Left semilunar valve
- Controls blood flow from the left ventricle to the aorta
Order of blood circulation
1) Superior and inferior vena cava
2) Right atrium
3) Tricuspid valve
4) Right ventricle
5) Pulmonary (semilunar) valve
6) Pulmonary arteries
7) Lungs
8) Pulmonary veins
9) Left atrium
10) Mitral valve
11) Left ventricle
12) Aortic (semilunar) valve
13) Aorta
14) Arteries to rest of body
17) Veins back to superior/inferior vena cava
Plasma
- Liquid component of blood made of water, electrolytes, and proteins
- Accounts for >50% the total blood volume
Red blood cells (erythrocytes)
- 40% of total blood volume
- Contain hemoglobin that makes blood red and helps them bind to O2
Platelets (thrombocytes)
- Assist with blood clotting
- Clump together at bleeding site and form a plug to seal the blood vessel
White blood cells (leukocytes)
- Immune response
- Protect against infection
Name the 5 types of WBCs
1) Neutrophils
2) Lymphocytes
3) Monocytes
4) Eosinophils
5) Basophils
Neutrophils
Protect against infection by ingesting bacteria and debris
