Anatomy Flashcards
(367 cards)
1
Q
First branch of internal carotid a
A
Ophthalmic a.
2
Q
Numbness over the lower lip after tooth extraction
A
Inferior alveolar n.
3
Q
Loss of general sensation at the side / anterior of the tongue
A
Lingual n.
4
Q
Submandibular gland injury and pt tongue deviation
A
Hypoglossal n.
5
Q
Nerve injury during Submandibular gland surgery near the duct
A
Lingual n.
6
Q
Most common Nerve injury in the cav. Sinus
A
Abducent.
7
Q
Site of origin of vagus and CN9 nerve
A
Medulla.
8
Q
Unilateral soft palate and tongue reduced sensation, site of origin of involved CN
A
Glossopharyngeal
Medulla.
9
Q
Which cranial N. that doesn’t contain parasympathetic fibers
A
Optic n.
10
Q
Origin of the 3rd CN”Occulomotor”
A
Midbrain.
11
Q
Numbness at the chin. N involved
A
Mental n branch of Inf alveolar n. (V3).
12
Q
Numbness over the cheek. N involved
A
Infra-orbital n.
13
Q
Nerve supplying forehead above eye
A
supra-orbital n.
14
Q
Numbness over the lower lip. N involved
A
Inferior-alveolar n.
15
Q
Numbness over the lower lip and paralysis of ms of mastication. N involved
A
(V3) mandibular branch of Trigeminal
16
Q
With intracranial hge Increase Internal cranial pressure, which N is commonly affected
A
Abducent n.
17
Q
Single test to differentiate between UMNL and LMNL for the facial n.
A
Inability of Eyebrow elevation.
18
Q
N. Injury during parotid gland surgery nerve injured
A
Facial N.
19
Q
N. Injury during parotid gland surgery dropping of the lip asymmetrical smile
A
Marginal mandibular branch of facial n.
20
Q
N Injury during superficial dissection of the parotid gland
A
Great auricular n.
21
Q
Hoarseness of voice following thyroidectomy
A
Vagus n or its branch RLN.
22
Q
Which N. gives motor supply to the trapezius and sternocleidomastoid
A
Accessory n.
23
Q
N. Injury in the post triangle
A
Spinal accessory n. (CN11)
24
Q
Patient unable to shrug the shoulder. N involved
A
Spinal accessory n.
25
Patient with torticollis. N involved
Spinal accessory n.
26
After endarterectomy, the patient had deviated tongue. N involved
Hypoglossal n.
27
Numbness at the angle of the lower jaw. N involved
Great auricular n. (C2-3).
28
All of the following passes through SOF except
Ophthalmic a.
29
Ophthalmic A passes through
Optic canal.
30
Maxillary N. passes through
Foramen Rotundum.
31
Mandibular N. passes through
Foramen Ovale.
32
CN9, 10, 11 passes through
Jugular foramen.
33
MMA passes through
Foramen Spinosum.
34
Internal carotid A passes over
Foramen lacerum.
35
Hypoglossal N. passes through
Hypoglossal canal (Anterior condylar foramen).
36
Ophthalmic N. passes through
SOF.
37
Cerebello-pontine angle lesion, what is the lesion and affected nerves
Acoustic neuroma which affects CN 7, 8.
38
The patient hit on the vertex, which sinus is affected
Superior sagittal sinus.
39
Vertebral A. is a branch from
Subclavian a.
40
Vertebral A. passes through
Foramen transversium of C6.
41
Fracture of the middle 1/3 of the clavicle, which vessel will be affected
Subclavian vein.
42
Branches of the internal carotid A.
Ophthalmic A,
Anterior choroidal A,
Anterior cerebral A,
Middle cerebral A
Posterior communicating A.
43
Stroke with ACA. Presentation
Lower Limb more affected.
44
N. is not contained in the post. Triangle
Ansa cervicalis 1 2 3.
45
Phrenic N. is in which triangle
Post triangle of neck.
46
During the thyroidectomy, the infra hyoid strap ms are divided in its
near Upper part
47
Neurovascular structures in the parotid gland
N . V. A
N. Facial n
V, Retromandibular v.
A, ECA and its 2 terminal branches
48
Pharyngeal pouch lies between which ms
Cricopharyngeous and thyropharyngeous. Through inf constrictor.
49
Ganglia responsible for lacrimation
Sphenopalatine ganglion CN7.
50
Nucleus of glossopharyngeal N. located in
Medulla.
51
Trigiminal N. nucleus present in
Pons.
52
Layers of scalp
Skin, dense Connective tissue, Aponeurosis, Loose CT, Periosteum
53
Dangerous area of scalp
Extracranial in loose connective tissue / Emissary veins connected to intracranial veins.
54
Sensory supply of scalp
Cervical plexus (greater & lesser occipital N. )
The& Trigeminal N (Supratrochlear & Supraorbital N from Ophthalmic, Zygomaticotemporal N from Maxillary & Auriculotemporal N from Mandibular).
55
Internal Cartoid Artery branches in neck
No Branch in Neck.
56
Venous drainage of scalp
Facial vein.
57
Posterior triangle of neck contains which part of Brachial Plexus
Trunks.
58
Behind middle 1/3 of clavicle lie which part of Brachial Plexus
Division.
59
Axilla contains which part of Brachial Plexus
Cords & Branches.
60
Suprascapular and Transverse cervical A branch of
Thyrocervical Trunk.
61
Enlarged left subclavicular Lymph nodes. Dx
Gastric Cancer (Red flag).
62
Muscles dividing of triangle in posterior neck
Inferior belly of omohyoid Muscle.
63
Structures passing in posterior tringle
•Spinal accessory nerve 11
•Branches of cervical plexus,
•Roots and trunks of brachial plexus & Phrenic nerve (C3, 4, 5).
•Vessels: Subclavian artery (Third part) & Terminal part of external jugular V.
•Muscles: Inferior belly of omohyoid & 3 Scalenae. + Supraclavicular & occipital LNs.
64
Structures passing in anterior triangle
Hypoglossal N
Ansa cervicalis
Facial vessels,
Anterior Jugular V
carotid sheath ( Common Carotid A, Vagus & Internal Jugular V )
Strap Muscles
Submandibular Gland & Nodes
65
Sites of CN nuclei
(cereberal hemisphere 1+2) (midbrain 3+4) (Pons 5+6+7+8) (Medulla9+10+11+12).
66
Parasympthatic Ganglia
1973
• 3 ciliary for pupil constriction and accomodation
• 7pytrogylopalatine for lacrimation) (submandibular for submandibular+ sublingual glands secretion
• 9 Otic for Parotid gland secretion
•10 vagus
67
Tongue movement. N
Hypoglossal N.
68
Tongue sensation & lymph drainage / metastasis
the anterior 2/3 sesation:
•(taste= corda tympani)
•(General sensation =lingual N).
•Lymph drainage:
The tip = submental,
anterior 2/3 = unilateral sub-mandibular then deep cervical.
The posterior 1/3 sensation •(glosspharngeal N give both taste and general sensation).
•The lymph drainage is bilateral to upper deep cervical node directly (extensive bilateral communication).
69
CSF flow
Lateral ventricles to
3rd ventricle (Monro) 3rd to
4th ventricle (aqueduct sylvius) to
subarachnoid space through
2 Lateral Luchka and Median magendi.
Obstruction in sylvus cause hydrocephalus
70
Submandibular Warthon duct opens in
Frenulum in the floor of the mouth.
71
Parotid Stensons ducts open
opposite to 2nd upper Molar teeth.
72
Course of RLN on RT side
Hooks around Rt subclavian A.
73
Superior thyroid A&V is from/drain into
External Cartoid Artery/ Drains into Int. Jagular Vein.
74
Inferior thyroid A&V is from/ drain into
Thyrocervical trunk of Subclavian A / drains into Lt Brachiocephalic vein.
75
Course of RLN on LT side
Hooks around Arch o f Aorta.
76
Level of Hyoid bone
C3.
77
Level of common carotid birufcation
C4.
78
Level of angle of luise and arch of Aorta
T4.
79
Level of pulsation of CCA and end of Trachea
C6.
80
Referred pain to ear during tonsillitis through
Glosspharngeal Nerve.
81
Abducent CN6 supplies
Lateral rectus M, if injured pt can’t look lateral.
82
Trocheal CN4 supplyies
Superior oblique M . pt can’t look downwards and outwards e.g Diplopia on going down the stairs.
83
Prominent C- vertbrea felt behind the neck
C7.
84
Pt hear hyperacoustic sound. N. affected (hyperaccusis)
Facial Nerve (Nerve to stapdius).
85
Verberal A intracranial branch
posterior inferior cerebellar Artery (PICA).
86
Basilar Artery gives which cerebellar branches
Superior & Anterior inferior cerebellar A.
87
Circle of Willis anastomosis between
2 Internal C.A + basilar A.
88
Source of bleeding during lumbar puncture
Lumbar venous plexus.
89
Cervical Vert. which has a long bifid spine
Axis v (C2).
90
Dorsal root ganglion carries
Sensory fibers.
91
Enlarged lateral ventricles and the 3rd ventricle. Dx
Adequate of salivius oclusion.
92
Lateral horn of the dorsal spinal cord is part of
Sympathetic nervous system.
93
What is the last ligament to be encountered during lumbar puncture
as most resistance felt when penetrating Ligamintum flavum.
94
First to be encountered in lumber puncture
supraspinous ligamgnt, interspinous then ligmantium flavum.
95
CSF is collected from which space
Subarachenoid space.
96
CSF is Absorebed in
archanoid plexus.
97
Disc herniation happens when
nucleus palposus herniates through a defect in annulous fibrosus.
98
Bony mark iliac crest is at which level
L4-L5 is site for lumbar puncture.
99
Adult spinal cords terminates at level
L1
100
In children spinal cords terminates at
L3.
101
Spinal cord tract carries sensory for pain and temp
spinothalamic.
102
Spinal cord tract carries motor signals
corticospinal.
103
Ant. Surface of the heart is formed by
RT atrium and RT ventricle + Lt ventricle.
104
Post surface of the heart is formed by
Lt atrium and Lt ventricle.
105
Inferior surface of heart (diaphramtic) formed by
Rt ventrivle + part of Lt ventricle at apex.
106
Rt border of heart (stab injury at to RT side of sternum)
Rt atrium will be injured.
107
Lt Border of heart formed by
Mostly Lt ventricle + tip of Lt Auricle +upper part of Rt ventricle.
108
Inf. Border formed by
Rt ventricle and only apex of the Lt ventricle.
109
Left coronary a passes behind
Pulmonary trunk.
110
Rt coronary a originates from
Ant. Aortic sinus.
111
Left coronary A. originates from
left Post. Aortic sinus.
112
Rt coronary A. originates
Above the Rt cusp.
113
Lt coronary A. originates
Above the Lt cusp.
114
Not contained in the posterior mediastinum
Vert. bodies
115
Coin in the esophagus reached some where opposite to T10, what is the distance that the coin passes from the incisors to that point
38-40 cm.
116
A coin in the esophagus at C6 level which narrowing is this
15 cm circopharyngeus.
117
Other constrictions of esophagus
T4- 22.5 cm Aortic Arch / T5 - 27cm LT Bronchus / T10- 40 cm Esophgus haitus
118
The esophagus has no
Serosa layer.
119
Vagus nerve inverted SA node
Indirect innervations through cardiac plexus.
120
The heart auscultatory areas
121
Aortic 2nd ICS Rt parasternal edge. Pulmonary 2nd ICS Lt parasternal edge. Tricuspid 4th ICS Lt parasternal edge. Mitral 5th ICS at MCL.
122
Pt has left superior vena cava . where will it drain
into the coronary sinus.
123
Great cardiac vein runs in
Anterior IVG
124
Great cardiac drains into
coronary sinus.
125
Pleura nerve supply by
Intercostal nerve / phrenic nerve.
126
Branch of abdominal aorta exits against the body of L2
Gonadal & Rt Renal A + 2nd Lumber branches.
127
Unpaired branches of abdominal aorta & there levels
Coeliac at L12, SMA at L1 , IMA at L3 & Median sacral at L4.
128
Most inferior Single branch
Median sacral a.
129
Most inferior Anterior Branch of the aorta
IMA.
130
Rt. Testicular vein drains into
IVC.
131
Lt testicular vein drains into
LEFT RENAL VEIN.
132
Rt Gastro-epiploic A is a branch from
Gastro-duodenal a.
133
Lt gastro- epipoic A is a branch form
splenic A.
134
Gastro-duodenal a branch from
Hepatic a.
135
Rt gastric A is from
Hepatic A.
136
Lt Gastric A is from
coeliac trunk.
137
Gut rotation occurs around
SMA.
138
Short gastric veins drain into
Splenic vein.
139
Splenic vessels pass through
Lieno Renal Ligament.
140
Short gastric vessels pass through
Gastro splenic ligament.
141
Inferior and Short gastric drain into
Splenic vein.
142
Lt and RT gastric drain into
Portal vein.
143
Rt Gastroepiploic drain into
SMV.
144
Cyctic A of gall bladder comes from
Rt hepatic A.
145
Common Hepatic A gives
Gastrodudenal A and Hepatic proper.
146
Blood supply to upper 1/3 of esophagus
from inferior Thyroid A.
147
Large vessel is identified during Whipple procedure
SMA.
148
Inferior Mesenteric V drains into
plenic vein.
149
Splenic V + SMV vein join and forms
Portal vein.
150
Bleeding gastric ulcer at the ant. Wall of the greater curvature. A involved
RT gastroepiploic a.
151
True regarding the lesser sac
the portal vein is in its ANT. FREE EDGE.
152
Relation of the 3rd part of the duodenum, which is NOT in relation
Tail of the Pancreas.
153
Bleeding Post duodenal ulcer. A involved
Gastro-deudenal A.
154
Rt hemicolectomy, which A is ligated
Rt Colic a.
155
Blood supply of the transverse colon
Middle colic.
156
Blood supply of the left colon
IMA.
157
Artery causing ischemia to the colon at the splenic flexure
IMA.
158
Artery ligation during anterior resection
IMA.
159
During Lt hemicolectomy, A ligated will not affect the circulation
Marginal A from Rt arm of middle colic.
160
During sigmoidectomy, which A is ligated to stop bleeding from the distal colon
Lower Left colic a.
161
Callot triangle, medial boundary
Hepatic duct.
162
Pringles maneuver, what is in direct risk of injury
CBD.
163
Lt renal vein compression near SMA…
Nutcracker syndrome
164
Cystic duct supplied by
cystic a.
165
Common bile duct supplied by
Hepatic Artery.
166
Which vessel pass in front of the uncinate process of the pancreas
SMA.
167
Ant. To the neck of the pancreas
Pylorodueodenal junction.
168
Post. relation of the body of the pancreas
Left crus of the diaphragm.
169
The upper end of the Rt Kidney
doesn’t reach the 11th rib post.
170
Left renal vein relation to the SMA
Post.
171
Posterior relation to both 1st and 3rd of duodenum
Inferior vena Cava.
172
Which aortic branch is likely to be affected with AAA near the renal vein
SMA.
173
Left renal vein relation to the left renal A at the hilum
Vein is Anterior.
174
Ant. relation of the Rt suprarenal gland
IVC and the Liver.
175
Post. relation to the Rt suprarenal gland
Rt Cruss of the diaphragm.
176
Ant. Relation to the Lt suprarenal gland
Stomach.
177
Veins descend Ant. To the ureters
Gonadal veins.
178
N. Injury after Gridirons incision
Illio-inguinal n.
179
N. Injury after inguinal hernia surgery
Illio-inguinal n.
180
While giving local anesthesia for inguinal hernia surgery. N. Injury
Femoral n. may be affected resulting in weakness in hip flexion and knee extension.
181
Nerve injury after Ant. Resection or Abdomino-perineal excision
Hypogastric plexus.
182
Erectile dysfunction after abdominal surgery
Splanchnic n. injury.
183
Fecal incontinent after normal delivery
Pueodendal n. injury (S234).
184
During ligation of short gastric arteries for splenectomy. Which organ can be injured
Tail of pancreas.
185
Suprarenal blood supply 3 Arteries
Inf. Phrenic → Superior, Aorta → Middle & Renal → inferior.
186
What are the ant./post. relations of ureters in pelvis
Post (birofication of CIA, Genito-Femoral
187
N) , Ant (Gonadal vessels + caecum, appendix & ascending colon in Rt side / descending colon & sigmoid in Lt side). “In Abdomen 3rd part of duodenum, small bowel & transverse colon with their mesenteries lie anterior to ureters”.
188
Nerve blocked or cut during episiotomy pt has incontance
peuodendal n.
189
External spermatic fascia comes from
External oblique apponurosis.
190
Site for fluid collection after perforated appendix in Female
Recto-Uterine pouch (Doglas pouch).
191
Site for fluid collection after perforated appendix in male
Recto-vesical pouch.
192
Subcutaneous scrotal tissue is
Dartos muscle.
193
Fibrous capsule in testis is
Tunica Albuginea.
194
Sites for Natural constrictions of urters
Peliviureteric junction, pelvic brim (crosses over CIAs) & vesicoureteric junction any ischail spine
195
Arrangement of substances in the scrotum
SDECITT “SKIN, Dartos ms, External spermatic fascia, Cremasteric fascia, Internal spermatic fascia, Tunica vaginalis & Tunica albuginea”.
196
On PR examination, which structure is felt posterolateral 4cm from the anal verge in male
197
Puborectalis ms. in female base of bladder
198
The superior pancreaticoduodenal A is from
Gastrodoudnal artery branching from Common hepatic.
199
The inferior pancreaticoduodenal A is from
Superior mesenteric Artery.
200
Greater pancreatic A is from
Splenic A.
201
Rectum LN drainage
Upper 1/3 → Inferior Mesentric - lower 2/3 → Int. Iliac.
202
Anal LN drainage
above dentate line” Endoderm” → Internal Iliac, below dentate “ectoderm”
203
horizontal superficial inguinal.
204
What drains in Para Aortic LNs
TOF “Testicles, Ovaries and Fundus of uterus”.
205
In Kocher incision for open choleycystomy which muscle devided
Rectus Abdominis.
206
In paramedian inscision
Displace rectus abdominis to lateral side.
207
In pfannesteil incision which is divded
Fascia Transvaslis.
208
Injury to conj. tenden/ medial to inf. epigastric V or through hasslebach tringle
Direct ing.hernia.
209
Hernia lateral to inf. epigastric vessel
Indirect Inguina hernia.
210
Location of femoral A pulsations
Mid Inguinal Point (symphysis pubis to ASIS) 1-2 cm inferior.
211
Location of deep ring
Mid point of inguinal ligament (pubic tubercle to ASIS).
212
Below the mid way from umbilicus to symphysis pubis
Arcuate Line “defective Post rectus sheath (NO muscle only fascia transvaslis) No it is. But anterior there will be 3M (external and internal oblique and transveris abdomins)”.
213
Umblical area Lymphatic drainage
above umblicus Axillary LN, below umblicus Inguinal LN.
214
The Neurovescular bundle in Abdomen is btw
Internal oblique & transverse abdominis.
215
Below the arcuate line layers form post. Rectus sheath
ONLY facia transvasalis.
216
Muscle initiate shoulder abduction
Supraspinatous.
217
Radial head articulates with
capitulum.
218
Radial head is inclosed in
Annular lig.
219
Pt can’t flex Distal Phalanx
Flexor Digitorum Profundus injury.
220
Adductor polices muscle is supplied by
Ulnar N.
221
Abductor polices Brevis of hand is supplied by
Median N.
222
Pt’s hand on table can’t left thump to seiling
Abductor Policis Brevis affected.
223
Pt injured in the wrist on medial side in pinch paper froment’s test, pt do abnormal pinching by flexing
224
his thump
weak Adductor policis.
225
Thenar Muscle supplied by
Median N except Adductor policis.
226
Hypothenar Muscle supplied by
UlnarN.
227
Test to assess median nerve muscles
Tinnle and phalen’s tests.
228
In carpal tunnel release what muscle encountered superficial to it
Palmaris longus.
229
Scaphoid gets blood supply form
the distal pole. Necrosis in proximal part.
230
Relation of the ulnar n. to the ulnar a
Nerve is ULNAR to the artery.
231
Relation of the Median n. to the brachial a.
Lateral, Anterior then Medial.
232
Wingining of the scapula
n. to serratus ant. (Long thoracic n)C5, 6, 7.
233
After axillary clearance, when she pick up a knife, her wrist flexes
Posterior cord Injury Not radial N.
234
Axillary n. injury, the deltoid ms is affected, 2nd ms affected
Teres minor ms.
235
Wrist injury + Thenar imminence atrophy
Median nerve injury.
236
Nerve specific for opposition
Recurrent branch of median n.
237
Loss of thumb adduction
deep ulnar n.
238
Muscle extending the thump
Extensor policis longus and brevis.
239
Muscle abducting the thump over palm
abductor policis brevis.
240
Loss of the little and ring finger movements
Ulnar n.
241
Loss of interossei of the 4th finger
Ulnar n.
242
Mid shaft humeral fracture / spiral groove #
Radial n.
243
Loss of sensation over the medial part of the hand
Ulnar n.
244
Patient cannot lift his hand from the table and cannot extend the DIP of the thumb
Radial n /PIN.
245
Loss of pincer movement of the thumb and the index when writing
AIN (pure motor).
246
Structures in the delto-pectoral groove u will meet during dissesction
Cephalic v., Thoracoacromial a, Lateral pectoral n.
247
In clavical middle 1/3 # most likely to be injured
Subclavian Vien.
248
Origin of supraspintus, infraspinatus and teres minor
Dorsal aspect of scapula.
249
Orgin from ventral aspect of scapula for
Subscapularis.
250
Bicep attachment to humerus
short head: supraglenoid tubercle, long head: coracoid process.
251
Tricep attachment to humours
Infragelonid tubercle.
252
Anatomical snuffbox bounderies
Post or Ulnar or Medial: Extensor pollicis longus, Ant or Radial or Lateral: Abductor pollicis longus + Extensor pollicis brevis.
253
Relation of Extensor indicis to the Extensor digitorum is
Deep and Ulnar.
254
Pt has complete loss of elbow extension after having deep wound on the back of arm
Rapture triceps tendon.
255
Pt fell out on stretched hand, carapl bone pain
Lunate dislocation.
256
Injury to hamate / pisiformis will affect
Ulnar side flexor digiturom prefondus.
257
Complete loss of elbow extension and wrist extension after lacerated wound 6 cm above elbow
258
Radial n.
259
Olecranon process there is some cutaneous sensory loss
Radial Nerve injury.
260
Dorsal and palmar introssie function
DAB & PAD “Dorsal Abduct fingers, Palmar Adduct fingers”.
261
Supracondyler fracture with abscent pulse
Brachial Artery injury.
262
Injury to upper limb with mild claw hand
Ulnar at elbow.
263
Injury to upper limb with Marked claw
Ulnar at wrist.
264
Subclavian Steal syndrome is due to
Obsturcation in subclacian A. diagnosied on Dupplex.
265
Numbness on the lat. aspect of the forearm, which ms will be affected as well
Biceps, Brachialis & Coracobrachialis.
266
While the palm is on the table, the patient is unable to take his thumb from the table
Extensor pollicis longus & brevis tendon.
267
The hand is on the table, and he is unable to bring the thumb to 90 degrees
abducoter pollicis brevis ms tendon.
268
The patient is able to flex the PIP & unable to flex the DIP, ms affected
Flexor Digitorom Profundus tendon injury.
269
Sensory n. supply for the ring finger
Ulnar, median and radial n.
270
Cephalic vein course to arm
Runs in lateral side & Joins axillary vein .
271
Basilic vien course
Runs in medial side & continue as axillary vein.
272
Both basilic and cephalic vein join together and form Median cubital vien where we do cannula
273
Quadrangular space contents
Axillary Nerve and posterior circumflex vessles.
274
Tringular space contents
Radian nerve, prounda brachii Artery, Circum. scapular Artery.
275
Bounderies of cubital fossa
Roof: fascia and bicipital aponorosis, floor: brachialis, Base: imajinary line btw the 2 epicondyles, Lat: Brachioradialis, Med: Pronator teres, Apex: meating of med & lat borders.
276
Contents from medial to leteral
1-median nerve 2-brachial artery-3 Bicep tendon most lateral.
277
Median Nerve course in Arm
LAM “lateral anterior then Medial to Brachial A.”.
278
Dupyrtren’s contrcture is due to
Contraction of palmar apnorosis.
279
Axillary A is divided by
Pectrolis minor. 1st above it, 2nd behind it & 3rd below it.
280
Branches of Axillary A
1st: superior thoracic A, 2nd: thoracoacromial A & Lat thoracic A & 3rd: subscapular A and 2 cicufmlex humeral As.
281
Pt has cholycystitis and came with pain in shoulder tip. Cause
Subphrenic abcess, phrenic n C345, C4 gives sesory to shoulder!
282
Pt injured his neck in football or accident come with policeman’s tip deformity
Erb’s palsy (upper
283
trunk injury) C5,6.
284
Pt has clow hand and horner’s syndrome and paresthesia in med 3.5 fingers
Klumpke’s palsy (
285
lower trunk injury ) C8,T1.
286
Brachial plexuses medial cord main terminal branch
ulnar nerve
287
Brachial plesxus posterior cord main terminal branch
axillary nerve
288
Pt can’t extend elbow has wrist +finger drop. N involved
Radial injury at axilla (Saturday night palsy).
289
Pt has finger drop only can’t extend fingers or thump no sensory deficit. N involved
PIN branch of Radial N.
290
Pt has numbness on lateral forearm. N involved
Musculocoutanous nerve.
291
Pt can’t do OK sign can’t flex thump and index, sensation intact. N involved
AIN of median.
292
(There is a muscle called Brachioradialis) supplied by Radial nerve (BEST)! It is diff from Brachialis!! OK?!
293
Foot Cuboid bone distal articulation
4th and 5th metatarsals.
294
Foot cuniformis bone distal articulation
1st 2nd 3rd metatarsals.
295
Structure passes in lesser sciatic foramen
Obturator N. /Tendon + Pudendal N/vessles.
296
Greater sciatic foramen transmits nerve supply to
Tensor fascialata, Gleatus Muscle, Hamstrings and Perianal Ms.
297
The hipbone composed of
Ileum, Pubis and Ischium.
298
M inserted in greater trochanter of femor
Gluteal Ms.
299
M inserted in lesser trochanteric of femor
Pasoas Major * Pasos Flexs the Hip
300
Anterior boundry of the femoral ring
Inguinal lig. Posterior→ Pectinal lig. Medical→ lacunar lig.
301
Lateral
femoral vein .
302
Pt has hernia below and lateral to pubic tubercle
Femoral. common in female, emergency due to risk of strangulation.
303
Popliteal fossa: Most superficial
Tibial n. Most deep→ Popliteal a. Most lateral → Common peroneal n.
304
During hip arthroplasty, the surgeon noticed an artery is running on the superior border of pectineus
Inferior gluteal a.
305
Adductor /hunter canal borders
Roof: saritous M, Floor: adductus magnus M, Lat walls: vastus medialis.
306
Nerve supply to the adductors of the hip and is stimulated during TURP
Obturator n.
307
Structures passing below behind the piriformis in the greater sciatic notch
Sciatic n.
308
N. injury causing waddling (trendlenberg) gait
Superior gluteal nerve supplying Gluteus medius.
309
During an ovarian mass removal, or pelvic surgery, inner thigh numbness
Obturator n. injury.
310
N.injury during post hip approach
Sciatic n.
311
N.injury during distal femoral approach (or # in neck of Fibula)
Common peroneal.
312
Injury in lower end of fibula
Pott’s fracture.
313
Nerve emerges at the lower border of the psoas major ms. causing numbness over the thigh
314
Lateral cut. Nerve of the thigh. (Meralgia Parathetica).
315
Patient has foot drop. N involved
Sciatic or Common peroneal or Deep peroneal n.
316
Loss of sensation over the 1st web space
Deep peroneal n.
317
Loss of sensation over the medial leg
Saphenous n.
318
During the medial ankle approach, which n. will be affected
Saphenous n.
319
Surgery to the short saphenous vein, which n will be affected
Sural n.
320
Knee scope then sensory loss just below the knee on the medial aspect
Infra patellar branch.
321
Anterior compartment syndrome of the leg, the pain is present with planter flexion of the big toe, associated numbness will be in
1st web space (sensory for DPN).
322
Patient injured fibular bone #, loss of eversion movement of ankle
superficial perneal Nerve.
323
Patient has pain with planter flexion after tibial fracture. Dx
Anterior compartment Syndrome
324
(deep peroneal Nerve first web space).
325
Tendon posterior to lateral malleous prone to injury
Pernous Brevis.
326
Nerve supplies to the thigh
Medial Obratuor / Lateral catenous of femoral N. /Posterior sciatic Nerve.
327
Nerve supply of legs
Anterior extensors: Deep Proneal N, Lateral compartment : superficial Proneal N, Posterior flexors: tibial N.
328
Superficial peroneal N supplies
Lateral Compartment (peroneus longus M & peroneus Brevis M) and lateral & dorsum of foot except 1st web space.
329
Deep Peroneal N supplies
Anterior compartment + First dorsal web space
330
The only sensory nerve of leg that is not part of sciatic
Saphenous N from Femoral nerve.
331
Pt had injury and is unable to extend his knees. Ms affected
Quadracip femours M.
332
Commonest site of peripheral aneurysm
Popliteal Artery .
333
Lymph Drainage of facia-lata
to Deep Inguinal node.
334
Course of posterior Tibial A.
Mid way btw Medial mallous and tendocalceneous.
335
Course of anterior Tibial A.
It continues as dorsalis Pedis lateral to extensor hallucis longus tendon.
336
Pt twisted his ankle on inversion most likely ligament injured
Anterior talofibular lig. & Calceneofibular lig.
337
Pt had accident leg short, adducted & interenly rotated. Dx
Posterior hip dislocation (sciatic N iinjury involved).
338
Appendix is derived from
Mid gut.
339
Mother found meconium in front of the diper. Dx
persistence of the Vitello-intestinal duct.
340
Persistence of Uracus after birth due to
Median umbilical lig. Remnants.
341
Median umblical fold urachus Urinary bladder.
342
Medial umblical fold. Embryological origin
obliterated Umblical Artery.
343
Lateral Umblical fold. Formed by
inferior epigasirc vessles.
344
Epidymis vas deferns. Embryological origin
Mesonpheric Wolffian.
345
Utrerus /Vagina. Embryological origin
Paranephric mullern.
346
Inguinal hernia congintal due to
Patent Processus vaginalis.
347
Testicular descend is guided by
the Gubernaculum.
348
Branchial cyst Origin from
2nd branchial arch.
349
Cleft palate due to
Failure of fusion of the palatine shelves of maxilla.
350
Cleft lip due to
failure of fusion of Ms of upper lip & nasolabial region.
351
Neonate with recto-vesical fistula due to
Deffect in Cloaca.
352
Embryological Origin of Inferior parathyroid
3rd Pharangeal pouch. Superior parathyroid→ 4th pharangeal pouch . thymus( is 3rd pharangeal thymus)
353
Surface anatomy of Internal Jagular V
(Lobule of the ear sterno clavical joint).
354
Surface anatomy of External JagularV
(the angle of mandible middle of clavical).
355
Level of of T5
Angle of Luis, Trachial birfucation T5, Thoraxic duct goes behind the esophagus to the left crossing, junction between aorta & its arch.
356
Diaphragm opening
T8 for Vena Cava, T10 for Esophagous, T12 for Aorta and thoracic Duct.
357
Chest tube insertion location
just Ant. To Mid axillary line 5th intercostal space.
358
Site for pericardiosentesis location
5th intercostal space lateral to the sternium with needle directed to the Lt shoulder tip & 45 degrees to the chest wall.
359
Thoracocentesis (plural tap)
level should be confirmed radilogicaly, but usualy 5th intercostal Space, Pt is bending torward the table, mid axillary line or mid scapular line or posterior axillary line.
360
Mc Burnny point
junction btw lat & middle1/3 in a line from umblicus and ASIS for appenx surgery.
361
Contents of posterior mediastinum
Esophagous, thoracid duct, vagus N, azygos vein, sympathetic trunk, splanchnic nerves & decending thorax aorta.
362
The Narrowest part of urethera in male
Memberanous urethera.
363
Branches of Rectal arteries
superior from IMA, Middle from Internal Iliac, lower from Pudandal A branch of internal iliac A.
364
Which level of spinal cord level that will cause the least spastic paralysis/ lower motor neuron lesion
365
L3/L4 (the most far level after ending of the spinal cord at L1).
366
Which level of spinal cord that cause autonomic hyperreflexia “UMNL”
at or above T6 spinal cord level.
367
Common root values, reflexes and dermatoms : Myotomes: Hip flexion (L2, 3), knee extention (L3, 4), foot dorsiflexion (L4, 5) and invertion (L4, 5), Big toe extention (L5), Hip extention (L4, 5), knee flexion (L5, S1), foot planterflexion (S1, 2) and evertion (L5, S1). Dermatomes: Nipples T4 - Inguinal canal L1– Umblicus T10 - Knee front L3 - Shoulder tip C4 - Medial side of ankle & leg L4 - Lateral side of leg L5 - Lateral foot S1 -Dorsom of foot L5 Reflexes: Knee L3, 4, big toe jerk L5 & ankle S1, 2.
