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Anatomy module 1 and 2 > anatomy > Flashcards

anatomy Flashcards

(101 cards)

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1
Q

Anatomy

A

The science of the body structures and the relationships among them.

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2
Q

Physiology

A

The science of body functions–how body parts work

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3
Q

how does structure determine function

A

structure of a organ allows it’s function

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4
Q

Levels of structural organization

A

chemical–atoms and molecules
Cellular–molecules combine to form cells
Tissue–perform function (group of cells)
Organ–Tissues join together
System–organs w/ a common function
Organism–any living individual

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5
Q

Tissue

A

Muscle layer

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6
Q

Protein molecules

A

Chemical

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7
Q

Stomach, intestines, liver, etc.

A

System

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8
Q

The human body

A

Organism

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9
Q

Individual muscle cells

A

Cellular

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10
Q

Stomach

A

Organ

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11
Q

Integumentary System

A

Skin, hair, nails. Protects body, reg. temp, eliminates waste

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12
Q

Skeletal Sysyem

A

Bones, joints, cartilage.Supports, protects body surface area for muscle attachments.

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13
Q

Muscular System

A

Skeletal muscle tissue. Produces body movement

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14
Q

Nervous System

A

Brain, spinal cord, nerves. Skeletal muscle tissue. Generates action potentials to reg. body activities, detects changes in environment

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15
Q

Endocrine System

A

Glands that produce HORMONES. Releases Hormones.

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16
Q

Cardiovascular System

A

Blood, heart and blood vessels. Transport nutrients, oxygen, and wastes to/from cells

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17
Q

Lymphatic System

A

Lymph nodes, vessels, spleen, thymus, tonsils. Location of many IMMUNITY functions

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18
Q

Digestive System

A

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, Sm and La intestines. Intake, processing, absorption of nutrients

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19
Q

Respiratory System

A

Lungs, pharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchial tubes. Transfers oxygen from air to blood–regulate acid-base balance of body fluids.

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20
Q

Urinary System

A

Kidneys and Bladder. Produces, stores and eliminates urine.

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21
Q

Reproduction System

A

Gonads produce gametes to form new organism. Perpetuating the human species.

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22
Q

Brachial

A

Arm

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23
Q

Femoral

A

Thigh

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24
Q

Cephalic

A

Head

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25
Plantar
Sole of foot
26
Cervical
Neck
27
Axillary
Armpit
28
Antebrachial
Forearm
29
Sacral
Between hips
30
Thoracic
Chest
31
Inguinal
Groin
32
Lumbar
loin
33
Superior
toward the upper part of body
34
Inferior
Away from the head. (below)
35
Medial
Nearer the midline
36
Lateral
Farther from the midline
37
Dorsal/Posterior
Nearer to the back of body
38
Ventral/Anteriro
Nearer to the front of body
39
Superficial
toward or on the surface of body
40
Deep
Away from the surface of body
41
Proximal
Nearer the the attachment of a limb to the trunk
42
Distal
Farther from the attachment of the limb
43
Sagital
separates left and right portions.
44
Midsagital
EQUAL left and right portions
45
Transverse
Separates superior and inferior portions
46
Frontal
Separates anterior and posterior portions
47
Abdominal contains _______ cavity
Peritoneal
48
Diaphragm separates these two cavities:
Thoracic/abdominal
49
____contains pleural and pericardial cavities. | Contains lungs and heart and located within the rib cage
Thoracic Cavity
50
Contains major digestive organs
Abdominal cavity
51
Contains major reproductive organs and urinary bladder. Located within the bony pelvis.
Pelvic Cavity
52
Epithelial tissue
Covers body surfaces and line hollow organs.
53
Connective tissue
protects and supports the body and it's organs. BINDS TOGETHER.
54
Muscular Tissue
Contraction and generation of face. WARMS BODY
55
Nervous tissue
Detects Changes. Generates ELECTRICAL signals called nerve potentials.
56
Intracellular fluid (ICF)
fluid within cells
57
Extracellulary fluid (ECF)
Fluid outside body
58
Interstitial fluid
The ECF that fills the narrow spaces BETWEEN cells of tissue.
59
Tight Junctions
FUSE adjacent portions of cell membranes | blocks water passage
60
Adherens/Desmosomes
INTERCONNECTING proteins of cytoskeloton and membrane proteins. STONG intercellular connections firmly BIND cells together
61
Gap Junctions
CHANNEL proteins and allow solutes to pass freely.
62
Defining characteristics of epithelial tissue
Selective barriers Secretory surfaces Protective surfaces
63
Simple columnar
may be ciliated.. single layer of tall rectangular cells.
64
Transitional tissue
allows stretch. lines bladder
65
Simple Squamous
Single layer of thin, flat cells. Allows rapid transport across surface. Forms lining of blood cells and forms air sacs in lungs.
66
Stratified Squamous
outer layer of skin. specially adapted for protection against abrasion, Multilayered tissue..pushes cells up to surface.
67
Pseudostratified columnar
cells appear layered, but actually all attach to basement layer. .Lines much of upper respiratory tract.
68
widely spaced, extracellular matrix. deep to epithelial tissue, protects, padding.
Connective tissue
69
Tightly spaced. coverings/linings. protection. absorbs and secretes.
Epithelial.tissue
70
Fibroblasts
generalized connective tissue cell that secretes fibers.
71
Major connective tissue fibers; very strong, yet flexible
Collagen fibers
72
cells containing histamine
Mast
73
fibers forming networks
reticular fibers
74
phagocytes
macrophages
75
cuboidal
Single layer of box like cells
76
Cartilage
Covers ends of bones, reduces friction in joints; shock absorber. "Firm gel" matrix; rich in chondroitin sulfate.
77
Areoular
Widespread tissue; irregular arrangement of fibers; least specialized. GLUE and packing material of body
78
Adipose
has adipocytes; stores fat.
79
Bone
Hardest connective tissue due to calcium salts.
80
Reticular
framework of lymph nodes, spleen and liver
81
Dense
tendons, ligaments, organ capsules and dermis of skin. very strong.
82
serous membranes
line closed body cavities; form pleural, pericardial, and peritoneal cavities; secretes a watery fluid.
83
Mucous membranes
line digestive, respiratory, urinary and reproductive tracts; line cavities opening to the outside of body; secretes mucus.
84
both Mucous and serous membranes
consist of a covering epithelium and underlying connective tissue.
85
Functions of skin
Regulate body temp store blood protect body excretes/absorbs substances
86
Skin protects:
abrasion, heat and chemicals KERATIN enables the protection LIPIDS inhibit evaporation of water SEBACEOUS GLANDS keep hairs and skin from drying out. PIGMENT helps keep ultraviolet light out.
87
SKIN LAYERS OF EPIDERMIS
Stratum Basale--deepest Stratum spinosum--8-10 layers Stratum granulosum layers of keratinocytes Stratum lucidum - fingertips, palms, soles. Stratum corneum - 25-30 layers Karatin B, S, G, L, C Ben Says Good Luck Charlie.
88
Epiphysis
Expanded ends of long bone, greater surface area, spongy tissue here.
89
Diaphysis
Central shaft of long bone. consists of thick layer of compact bone tissue surrounding marrow cavity.
90
Periosteum
tough fibrous connective tissue covering over the bone.
91
Articular Cartilage
covers ends of bones involved in forming joint surfaces.
92
Canaculi
allows osteocytes to touch eachother
93
central canal surrounded by rings of bone matrix; contain blood vessels.
Haversian canal
94
Spaces containing osteocytes
Lucanae
95
Lamellae
Concetric layers of bone matrix
96
Four types of bone cells
osteoGENETIC-cell division (beginning-Genesis) osteoBLAST-secrete collagen fibers, initiate calcification. osteoCYTE-maintain daily metabolism osteoCLAST-resorption, breakdown of bone extracellular matrix G, B, C, C Good Boys Collect Coins
97
Process of Bone formation
Ossification
98
Bone remodelling
ongoing replacement of old bone tissue by new bone tissue.
99
Parathyroid hormone
most important hormone regulating calcium homeostasis
100
Why type of bone cells does PTH stimulate
Osteoclasts
101
Sequence of changes in primary ossification center
1) Chondrocytes enlarge 2) Cartigage matrix calcifies 3) Chondrocytes die and disintegrate, leaving large spaces in matrix. 4) Blood vessels grow into these spaces 5) Osteoblasts enter with the blood flow, and deposit spongy bone matrix in the spaces.

Anatomy module 1 and 2 (1 decks)

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