Anatomy

Question 1

What are the principal structures of the male reproductive system?

Answer 1

The principal structures are the testis, epididymis, vas deferens, ejaculatory duct, seminal vesicles, prostate gland, bulbourethral gland, and penis.

Question 2

Where are the male reproductive organs located?

Answer 2

All structures, except the testes and penis, are located within the pelvic cavity.

Question 3

What is the upper border pubis?

Answer 3

The upper border pubis is the palpable upper border of the midline pubic bone.

Question 4

How easy is it to palpate the upper border pubis?

Answer 4

It is fairly easy to palpate except in extremely obese patients.

Question 5

What care should be taken when palpating the upper border pubis?

Answer 5

Care should be taken to allow for overlying tissue.

Question 6

What is the lower border pubis?

Answer 6

The lower border pubis is the palpable lower border of the pubic bone in midline.

Question 7

How easy is it to palpate the lower border pubis?

Answer 7

It is not as easily palpable as the upper border pubis because it lies more inferiorly and posteriorly.

Question 8

How can the male reproductive organs be located?

Answer 8

All of these can be accurately located radiographically.

Question 9

How does a radiation therapist use these components?

Answer 9

The radiation therapist uses these components when setting the anterior border of lateral prostate fields.

Question 10

Where does the prostate lie in relation to the symphysis pubis?

Answer 10

The prostate lies immediately posterior to the symphysis pubis.

Question 11

What forms the bony pelvis?

Answer 11

The bony pelvis is formed by the sacrum, coccyx, and two os coxae bones.

Question 12

What is the sacrum?

Answer 12

The sacrum is a triangular-shaped bone formed by the fusion of five vertebral segments.

Question 13

What is the sacral promontory?

Answer 13

The sacral promontory is a prominent ridge located on the anterior surface of the first sacral segment, acting as a bony landmark separating the abdominal cavity from the pelvic cavity.

Question 14

What do the transverse processes of the sacral segments form?

Answer 14

The transverse processes of the five sacral segments combine to form the lateral mass (ala), which articulates with the os coxae at the sacroiliac joints.

Question 15

What is the coccyx?

Answer 15

The coccyx is a structure that articulates with the fifth sacral segment and consists of three to five small fused bony segments.

Question 16

What are the two divisions of the pelvis?

Answer 16

The pelvis is divided into the false or greater pelvis and the true or lesser pelvis.

Question 17

What defines the boundary between the false pelvis and the true pelvis?

Answer 17

An oblique plane that extends from the upper anterior margin of the sacrum, along the arcuate line, to the upper margin of the pubic symphysis.

Question 18

What is the pelvic brim?

Answer 18

The boundary line of the oblique plane that delineates the boundaries of the abdominal and pelvic cavities.

Question 19

What is the region above the pelvic brim called?

Answer 19

The region above the brim is called the false pelvis.

Question 20

What is the region below the pelvic brim called?

Answer 20

The region below the brim is called the true pelvis.

Question 21

How can the true pelvis be subdivided?

Answer 21

The true pelvis can be subdivided by the pelvic diaphragm into the main pelvic cavity and the perineum.

Question 22

What does the pelvic cavity contain?

Answer 22

The pelvic cavity contains the bladder, rectum, and internal reproductive organs.

Question 23

What shape is the bladder?

Answer 23

The bladder is a pyramid-shaped muscular organ.

Question 24

Where is the bladder located?

Answer 24

The bladder rests on the pelvic floor, immediately posterior to the symphysis pubis.

Question 25

How many surfaces does the empty bladder have?

Answer 25

When empty, the bladder has four surfaces: superior, posterior, and two inferolateral.

Question 26

How many angles does the empty bladder have?

Answer 26

The empty bladder has four angles: anterior, inferior, and two posterolateral.

Question 27

What covers the superior surface of the bladder?

Answer 27

The superior surface (body) of the bladder is covered by peritoneum.

Question 28

What is the relationship of the bladder's superior surface?

Answer 28

The loops of ileum and sigmoid colon rest on the superior surface of the bladder.

Question 29

What is the posterior surface of the bladder referred to as?

Answer 29

The posterior surface is referred to as the fundus or base of the bladder.

Question 30

What is closely related to the posterior surface of the bladder in males?

Answer 30

The posterior surface of the bladder is closely related to the rectum in males.

Question 31

Where is the urinary bladder located?

Answer 31

The urinary bladder is located in the pelvis.

Question 32

What lies posterior to the symphysis pubis and anterior to the rectum?

Answer 32

The neck of the bladder lies posterior to the symphysis pubis and anterior to the rectum.

Question 33

What is the triangular area formed by three openings in the floor of the bladder called?

Answer 33

The triangular area is called the trigone.

Question 34

What creates two of the openings in the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 34

Two of the openings are created by the ureters.

Question 35

Where is the third opening of the trigone located?

Answer 35

The third opening is located in the apex of the trigone and is formed by the entrance to the urethra.

Question 36

What is the function of the urethra?

Answer 36

The urethra is a muscular tube that drains urine from the bladder.

Question 37

What structure does the urethra pass through in both genders?

Answer 37

In both genders, the urethra passes through the urogenital diaphragm.

Question 38

What muscle is responsible for the voluntary closure of the bladder?

Answer 38

The urethral sphincter muscle is responsible for the voluntary closure of the bladder.

Question 39

What role does the urinary bladder play in the treatment of prostatic cancer?

Answer 39

The urinary bladder is a dose-limiting structure in the treatment of prostatic cancer.

Question 40

How is the urinary bladder commonly visualized during the simulation process?

Answer 40

It is commonly visualized with contrast agents during the simulation process.

Question 41

What is the bladder?

Answer 41

The bladder is a hollow organ in the lower pelvis with flexible, muscular walls that can stretch to hold urine and squeeze to send it out of the body.

Question 42

What is the main job of the bladder?

Answer 42

The bladder's main job is to store urine.

Question 43

How is urine transported to the bladder?

Answer 43

Urine is made by the 2 kidneys and then carried to the bladder through 2 tubes called ureters.

Question 44

What happens when you urinate?

Answer 44

When you urinate, the muscles in the bladder contract, and urine is forced out of the bladder through a tube called the urethra.

Question 45

Where are the ureteral orifices located?

Answer 45

The bladder has two ureteral orifices located posterior and laterally.

Question 46

What is the trigone of the bladder?

Answer 46

The area created between the urethra orifice and the two ureteral orifices is called the trigone of the bladder.

Question 47

Why is the trigone area significant?

Answer 47

The trigone area is the most common area for bladder carcinoma.