Anatomy

Question 1

3 main branches of Coeliac trunk

Answer 1

1. Left gastric artery
2. Splenic artery
3. Common hepatic artery

Question 2

Abdomen can be divided into 9 regions.

Name them.

Answer 2

Right hypochondrium
Epigastric
Left hypochondrium

Right lumbar
Umbilical
Left Lumbar

Right iliac fossa
Hypogastric
Left iliac fossa

Question 3

Which planes divide abdomen into quadrants?

Answer 3

Transumbilical plane
Median plane

Question 4

Name 4 quadrants of abdomen

Answer 4

Right upper quadrant
Left upper quadrant

Right lower quadrant
Left lower quadrant

Question 5

Organs in right hypochondrium

Answer 5

liver (right lobe)
gallbladder
right kidney
hepatic flexure of colon

Question 6

Organs in epigastric region

Answer 6

Oesophagus
Stomach
Duodenum
Pancreas (body)
Liver (left lobe)

• Abdominal aorta

Question 7

Organs in left hypochondrium

Answer 7

Spleen
Stomach (fundus)
Pancreas (tail)
Liver (apex)

Left kidney
Splenic flexure of colon

Question 8

Organs in right lumbar region

Answer 8

Ascending colon
Right kidney
Small intestine

Question 9

Organs in umbilical region

Answer 9

Small intestine
Transverse colon

• Abdominal aorta

Question 10

Organs in left lumbar region

Answer 10

Descending colon
Left kidney
Small intestine

Question 11

Organs in right iliac fossa

Answer 11

Cecum
Appendix

• Right ovary & right fallopian tube (females)

Question 12

Organs in hypogastric region

Answer 12

Small intestine (ileum)
Rectum
Urinary bladder

Question 13

Organs in left iliac fossa

Answer 13

Sigmoid colon

• Left ovary & fallopian tube (females)

Question 14

Organs in right upper quadrant (RUQ)

Answer 14

Liver (right lobe)
Gallbladder
Stomach (pylorus)
Duodenum
Pancreas (head)
Right kidney
Hepatic flexure
Transverse colon

Question 15

Organs in left upper quadrant (LUQ)

Answer 15

Stomach
Spleen
Liver (left lobe)
Pancreas (body & tail)
Left kidney

Question 16

Organs in right lower quadrant

Answer 16

Cecum
Appendix
Right ureter
Right ovary (females)

Question 17

Organs in left lower quadrant

Answer 17

Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Left ovary (females)

Question 18

Why is it important to divide abdomen into regions/quadrants?

Answer 18

• aids in clinical diagnosis
• surgical planning

Question 19

Location of pancreas

Answer 19

• primarily retroperitoneal (except its tail)

Located in epigastric & left hypochondrium regions

Question 20

Function of pancreas

Answer 20

Endocrine: insulin, glucagon

Exocrine: digestive enzymes via pancreatic duct

Question 21

Pancreas is divided into 5 parts.

Name them.

Answer 21

1. Uncinate process
2. Head
3. Neck
4. Body
5. Tail

Question 22

Arterial supply of pancreas

Answer 22

Head & neck: gastroduodenal artery
superior mesenteric artery

Body & tail: splenic artery

Question 23

Venous drainage of pancreas

Answer 23

Head & neck: portal vein
superior mesenteric vein

Body & tail: splenic vein
inferior mesenteric vein

Question 24

Innervation of pancreas

Answer 24

Parasympathetic: vagus nerve

Sympathetic: greater & lesser splanchnic nerves

Question 25

Internal part of pancreas

Answer 25

- contains **main pancreatic duct** of Wirsung + accessory pancreatic ducts

Question 26

Location of liver

Answer 26

RUQ of the abdomen, beneath the rib cage. - specifically below the diaphragm & above the stomach

Question 27

What is seen on the **anterior surface** of the liver?

Answer 27

Right & left lobes Falciform ligament

Question 28

What is seen on the **posterior surface** of the liver?

Answer 28

IVC Caudate lobe & quadrate lobe Bare area Ligamentum venosum

Question 29

What is porta hepatis?

Answer 29

Hilum of the liver on the posterior surface - entry / exit of portal triad

Question 30

Portal triad consists of 3 key structures. Name them.

Answer 30

1. Hepatic artery 2. Portal vein 3. Bile duct

Question 31

What is the **ligamentum venosum**?

Answer 31

Remnant of the foetal ductus venosus, between the left lobe & caudate lobe

Question 32

What is **bare area** of the liver?

Answer 32

Area not covered by the peritoneum, in contact with diaphragm

Question 33

What ligaments attach to the liver?

Answer 33

Falciform ligament Coronary ligament Triangular ligament Ligamentum teres hepatis (round ligament) Ligamentum venosum

Question 34

4 anatomical lobes of the liver

Answer 34

1. Right lobe 2. Left lobe 3. Caudate lobe 4. Quadrate lobe

Question 35

The liver is divided into **8 segments** based on ......

Answer 35

vascular supply

Question 36

What is transverse hepatic plane?

Answer 36

Horizontal plane through the liver's hilum

Question 37

Main portal fissure

Answer 37

Divides right & left lobes - contains middle hepatic vein

Question 38

Right portal fissure

Answer 38

Found between anterior and posterior segments of the right lobe

Question 39

Umbilical fissure

Answer 39

Separates left lobe from quadrate lobe - contains ligamentum teres hepatis (i.e. round ligament)

Question 40

Arterial supply of liver

Answer 40

Hepatic artery proper

Question 41

Venous drainage of liver

Answer 41

Hepatic veins, which then drain into IVC