Anatomy

Question 1

Where does small intestine start and end?

Answer 1

Starts: from pyloric sphincter
Ends: ileocecal junction

Question 2

Function of small intestine

Answer 2

Digestion & absorption of nutrients

Question 3

3 parts of small intestine

Answer 3

Duodenum

Jejunum

Ileum

Question 4

Where does duodenum start & end?

Answer 4

Starts: pylorus
Ends: duodenojejunal flexure

Question 5

4 parts of the duodenum

Answer 5

1st - superior
2nd - descending
3rd - horizontal
4th - ascending

Question 6

Arterial supply of duodenum

Answer 6

1st part - supraduodenal artery, retroduodenal artery

2nd, 3rd, 4th parts - branches from superior & inferior pancreaticoduodenal arteries anastomose

Question 7

Venous drainage of duodenum

Answer 7

overall, drainage leads into hepatic portal vein

Question 8

Parts of large intestine

Answer 8

Cecum
Appendix
Ascending colon
Transverse colon
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
Rectum
Anal canal

Question 9

3 unique features of the large intestine

Answer 9

Taenia coli

Haustra

Omental appendices

Question 10

What is cecum?

Answer 10

first pouch-like part of large intestine , at the ileocecal junction

Question 11

What is Appendix?

Answer 11

Small, finger-shaped pouch, attached to cecum

• located in the lower right side of abdomen

Question 12

Important feature of 2nd part of duodenum

Answer 12

Major duodenal papilla
- the opening through which ampulla of Vater empties its contents into the duodenum

Question 13

What is ampulla of Vater?

Answer 13

area where common bile duct and pancreatic duct join , before emptying into duodenum

Question 14

What is sphincter of Oddi?

Answer 14

Ring of muscle surrounding the ampulla
- controls the flow of bile & pancreatic juice into the duodenum

Question 15

Arterial supply of jejunum & ileum

Answer 15

Superior mesenteric artery

Question 16

Venous drainage of jejunum & ileum

Answer 16

Superior mesenteric vein

Question 17

Function of large intestine

Answer 17

• absorb water & electrolytes from undigested food
• form & store faeces

Question 18

What is the rectum?

Answer 18

Terminal part of the large intestine, extending from sigmoid colon to the anal canal

Question 19

2 flexures of rectum

Answer 19

1. Sacral
2. Perineal

Question 20

How many transverse rectal folds are there?

Answer 20

• 3
  superior
  middle
  inferior

Question 21

Importance of transverse rectal folds

Answer 21

They support fecal matter and prevent sudden descent during defecation.

Question 22

Arterial supply of rectum

Answer 22

Superior rectal artery
Middle rectal artery
Inferior rectal artery

Question 23

Venous drainage of rectum

Answer 23

Superior rectal vein
- drains upper rectal part into portal venous system

Middle rectal vein & Inferior rectal vein
- drain lower rectal part into systemic circulation

Question 24

What is the anal canal?

Answer 24

Last part of GI tract, between anorectal junction and anus

Question 25

True / False The anal valves collectively form an irregular circle, know as the **pectinate line**.

Answer 25

True.

Question 26

The pectinate line divides the anal canal into:

Answer 26

Upper part (2/3) Lower part (1/3)

Question 27

Arterial supply of **anal canal**

Answer 27

*Above pectinate line:* superior rectal artery *Below pectinate line:* middle & inferior rectal arteries

Question 28

Venous drainage of **anal canal**

Answer 28

*Above pectinate line:* superior rectal vein *Below pectinate line:* middle & inferior rectal veins

Question 29

Function of anal canal

Answer 29

Fecal continence and defecation

Question 30

True/False The sigmoid colon is intraperitoneal.

Answer 30

True. Attached to posterior abdominal wall by sigmoid mesocolon

Question 31

What is the **internal anal sphincter**?

Answer 31

**Involuntary** ring of **smooth muscle**, surrounding upper 2/3 of the anal canal - controlled by autonomic nervous system

Question 32

What is the **external anal sphincter**?

Answer 32

**Voluntary skeletal muscle**, surrounding lower 2/3 part of anal canal

Question 33

Branches of **Superior mesenteric artery**

Answer 33

1. Inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery 2. Intestinal arteries (jejunal art. & ileal art.) 3. Ileocolic artery 4. Right colic artery 5. Middle colic artery

Question 34

Branches of **Inferior mesenteric artery**

Answer 34

1. Left colic artery 2. Sigmoid artery 3. Superior rectal artery