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Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the origin of the Pectoralis major?

A

Sternal: sternum, aponeurosis of external oblique; Clavicular: anterior medial half of clavicle

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2
Q

What is the insertion of the Pectoralis major?

A

Lateral lip of bicipital groove

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3
Q

What is the innervation of the Pectoralis major?

A

Medial and lateral pectoral

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4
Q

What is the action of the Pectoralis major?

A

Sternal: depress shoulder, adduct humerus; Clavicular: flexion, internal rotation, and horizontal adduction

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5
Q

What is the origin of the Pectoralis minor?

A

Ribs 3-5

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6
Q

What is the insertion of the Pectoralis minor?

A

Coracoid process

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7
Q

What is the innervation of the Pectoralis minor?

A

Medial pectoral

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8
Q

What is the action of the Pectoralis minor?

A

Scapular downward rotation, raises ribs with inspiration

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9
Q

What is the origin of the Upper trapezius?

A

Occipital protuberance, nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T1

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10
Q

What is the insertion of the Upper trapezius?

A

Lateral 1/3 of clavicle, acromion

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11
Q

What is the innervation of the Upper trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory

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12
Q

What is the action of the Upper trapezius?

A

Side bending, scapular elevation, scapular upward rotation

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13
Q

What is the origin of the Middle trapezius?

A

Spinous process of C7-T3

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14
Q

What is the insertion of the Middle trapezius?

A

Spine of scapula

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15
Q

What is the innervation of the Middle trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory

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16
Q

What is the action of the Middle trapezius?

A

Scapular retraction

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17
Q

What is the origin of the Lower trapezius?

A

Spinous process of T4-T12

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18
Q

What is the insertion of the Lower trapezius?

A

Spine of scapula

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19
Q

What is the innervation of the Lower trapezius?

A

Spinal accessory

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20
Q

What is the action of the Lower trapezius?

A

Scapular depression

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21
Q

What is the origin of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Spinous process of T7-L5, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, inferior 4 ribs, inferior angle of scapula

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22
Q

What is the insertion of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Intertubercular groove

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23
Q

What is the innervation of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Thoraco-dorsal

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24
Q

What is the action of the Latissimus dorsi?

A

Adducts, extends, and internally rotates humerus

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25
What is the origin of the Levator scapulae?
Transverse process of C1-C4
26
What is the insertion of the Levator scapulae?
Superior angle of scapula
27
What is the innervation of the Levator scapulae?
Dorsal scapular
28
What is the action of the Levator scapulae?
With cervical spine fixed, scapular elevation and downward rotation. With scapula fixed, lateral flexion of cervical spine and ipsilateral rotation. It can also assist with cervical extension.
29
What is the origin of the Rhomboid major?
Spinous process T2-T5
30
What is the insertion of the Rhomboid major?
Medial border of scapula
31
What is the innervation of the Rhomboid major?
Dorsal scapular
32
What is the action of the Rhomboid major?
Scapular retraction, elevation, and downward rotation
33
What is the origin of the Rhomboid minor?
Nuchal ligament, spinous process of C7-T1
34
What is the insertion of the Rhomboid minor?
Medial border of scapula
35
What is the innervation of the Rhomboid minor?
Dorsal scapular
36
What is the action of the Rhomboid minor?
Scapular retraction, elevation, and downward rotation
37
What is the origin of the Serratus anterior?
Superior borders of ribs 1-8
38
What is the insertion of the Serratus anterior?
Medial border of scapula
39
What is the innervation of the Serratus anterior?
Long thoracic
40
What is the action of the Serratus anterior?
Upward rotation, protraction of scapula
41
What is the origin of the Subclavius?
First rib
42
What is the insertion of the Subclavius?
Subclavian groove
43
What is the innervation of the Subclavius?
Subclavian
44
What is the action of the Subclavius?
Depression of clavicle, elevation of first rib
45
What type of joint is the proximal radial ulnar joint (PRU)?
Pivot joint ## Footnote Formed as radial head glides in radial notch of ulna
46
What is the function of the interosseus membrane (IOM)?
Transmits forces between radius and ulna and stabilizes the two bones ## Footnote Divides forearm into posterior and anterior compartments and serves as an attachment for deep muscles
47
What ligaments are associated with the distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ)?
Dorsal and palmar DRUJ ligaments ## Footnote They are deep to TFCC between sigmoid notch of radius and ulnar styloid and converge ulnarly
48
What does the palmar ligament attach to?
Ulnolunate, ulnotriquetral, and ulnocapitate ligaments ## Footnote A component of the DRUJ ligaments
49
What are the components of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex (TFCC)?
Articular disk, ulnar collateral ligament, dorsal radioulnar ligament, volar radioulnar ligament, sheath of the ECU ## Footnote Attaches to ulna, radius, and select carpals
50
What is the purpose of the TFCC?
Cushion distal ulna and stabilize DRUJ ## Footnote Blood supply is present peripherally and absent in central region
51
What is the action of the pronator teres muscle?
Pronates forearm, assists in elbow flexion ## Footnote Innervated by the median nerve
52
Where does the pronator quadratus muscle originate?
Anterior aspect of distal ulna ## Footnote Innervated by the median nerve
53
What is the action of the supinator muscle?
Supination with elbow extended, assists with elbow flexion ## Footnote Innervated by the radial nerve
54
What is the normal range of motion for pronation and supination?
80° pronation and 80° supination ## Footnote Radius and ulna are parallel in supination
55
What happens to the ulna in pronation?
Rests more distal relative to radius ## Footnote Ulnar head is more prominent in pronation and less in full supination
56
What is the function of the wrist complex?
Makes fine adjustments of the hand in space prior to grasp of objects and transmits compressive-distractive forces ## Footnote Important for hand function
57
What is the distal articular surface of the radius like?
Concave with two articular facets to articulate with scaphoid and lunate ## Footnote Important for wrist mobility
58
What is the volar angulation of the distal radius?
11° dorsal-volar ## Footnote Affects wrist mechanics
59
What is Lister's tubercle?
A bony prominence on distal radius that serves as a pulley for extensor pollicis ## Footnote Important for thumb extension
60
What is the origin of the Flexor carpi radialis?
Medial epicondyle ## Footnote The Flexor carpi radialis is primarily responsible for wrist flexion and radial deviation.
61
What is the insertion point of the Flexor carpi ulnaris?
Pisiform, hamate, and base of 5th metacarpal ## Footnote The Flexor carpi ulnaris aids in wrist flexion and ulnar deviation.
62
Which muscle flexes the middle phalanx?
Flexor digitorum superficialis ## Footnote It is innervated by the median nerve.
63
What is the origin of the Flexor digitorum profundus?
Anterior medial aspect of ulna and interosseous membrane ## Footnote This muscle flexes the distal phalanx.
64
What is the action of the Flexor pollicis longus?
Flexes thumb ## Footnote It is innervated by the median nerve.
65
What is the insertion of the Palmaris longus?
Flexor retinaculum ## Footnote It is involved in wrist flexion and tightens the palmar aponeurosis.
66
What is the innervation of the Extensor carpi radialis longus?
Radial ## Footnote This muscle extends the wrist and aids in radial deviation.
67
What is the action of the Extensor digitorum communis?
Extends MCP, assists with wrist extension ## Footnote It is innervated by the radial nerve.
68
Which muscle extends the MCP of the small finger?
Extensor digiti minimi ## Footnote It is also innervated by the radial nerve.
69
What is the origin of the Extensor carpi ulnaris?
Lateral epicondyle ## Footnote This muscle contributes to wrist extension and ulnar deviation.
70
What is the action of the Abductor pollicis longus?
Abducts, extends thumb ## Footnote It is innervated by the radial nerve.
71
What is the insertion of the Extensor pollicis longus?
Dorsal aspect of base of distal phalanx of thumb ## Footnote This muscle extends the distal phalanx of the thumb and aids in retropulsion.
72
What compartment do extensor muscles at the wrist occupy?
Dorsal compartments ## Footnote They are deep to the extensor retinaculum.
73
True or False: The Flexor carpi radialis is responsible for wrist flexion and ulnar deviation.
False ## Footnote The Flexor carpi radialis is responsible for wrist flexion and radial deviation.
74
Fill in the blank: The _______ is responsible for extending the MCP of the index finger.
Extensor indicis proprius ## Footnote It is innervated by the radial nerve.
75
What is the origin of the Adductor pollicis?
Transverse: volar surface of 3rd metacarpal, Oblique: capitate, base ## Footnote The Adductor pollicis is a muscle that plays a key role in thumb adduction.
76
What is the insertion point for the Abductor pollicis brevis?
Medial side of base of proximal phalanx of thumb ## Footnote This muscle is responsible for thumb abduction.
77
Which nerve innervates the Flexor pollicis brevis?
Median ## Footnote The Flexor pollicis brevis flexes the thumb at the MCP joint.
78
What action does the Opponens pollicis perform?
Opposition, thumb pronation ## Footnote This muscle allows the thumb to touch the other fingers.
79
What is the origin of the Abductor digiti minimi?
Flexor retinaculum, pisiform ## Footnote This muscle is responsible for abduction of the small finger.
80
Name the insertion point for the Flexor digiti minimi.
Ulnar edge of base of small finger proximal phalanx ## Footnote This muscle flexes the small finger at the MCP joint.
81
What is the action of the Opponens digiti minimi?
Rotation at 5th CMC joint, 'cupping' ## Footnote This muscle facilitates the movement of the small finger.
82
What is the innervation of the Dorsal interossei?
Ulnar ## Footnote The Dorsal interossei are involved in strong digital abduction.
83
What are the components of the palmar/volar interossei?
Ulnar border of 2nd metacarpal, radial border of 4th and 5th metacarpal ## Footnote These muscles are responsible for adduction of the fingers.
84
What is the primary function of the Lumbricals?
MCP flexion, PIP extension ## Footnote The Lumbricals work to flex the metacarpophalangeal joints while extending the interphalangeal joints.
85
What are the types of arches in the hand?
* Longitudinal arch * Proximal transverse arch * Distal transverse arch ## Footnote These arches determine the shape of the hand and its ability to grasp objects.
86
What maintains the integrity of the arches in the hand?
Intrinsic hand muscles and ligaments ## Footnote The absence of arches can occur due to nerve damage or myopathies.
87
True or False: The proximal transverse arch is rigid near the carpal canal.
True ## Footnote This rigidity is due to the structure formed by the metacarpal bases and distal carpal row.
88
Fill in the blank: The _______ arch is created by the shape of metacarpals and digits.
[Longitudinal arch] ## Footnote This arch follows along the long finger.
89
What happens to the hand's arches in the case of ligament laxity or disruption?
Absence of arches can occur ## Footnote This can affect hand function and prehension.
90
What is the function of the Palmaris brevis?
Steadies skin of palm, assists with grip ## Footnote This muscle plays a supportive role in hand function.

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