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MRCEM primary > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

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1
Q

Pectoralis major:
Origin and insertion

A

Origin:
Clavicular head - medial third of clavicle
Sternocostal head - medial part of anterior thoracic wall*

Insertion:
- Lateral lip of intertubercular sulcus of humerus

*Anterior sternum, first 7 costal cartilages, sternal end of 6th rib, external oblique

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2
Q

Pectoralis major:
Function

A

Flexion, abduction, and medial rotation of arm at GH joint

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3
Q

Pectoralis major:
Innervation

A

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

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4
Q

Pectoralis minor:
Origin and insertion

A

Origin: anterior surfaces and superior borders of 3-5 ribs

Insertion: medial border and upper surface of coracoid process

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5
Q

Pectoralis minor:
Function

A
  • Depress tip of shoulder
  • Protract scapula
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6
Q

Pectoralis minor:
Innervation

A

Medial pectoral nerve

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7
Q

Trapezius:
Origin and insertion

A

Origin: superior nuchal line, external occipital protuberance, medial margin of ligamentum nuchae, spinous processes of C7-T12, and associated spinous ligaments

Insertion: superior edge of crest of scapula, acromion, posterior border of lateral third of clavicle

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8
Q

Trapezius:
Function

A
  • Elevation of scapula
  • Rotation of scapula during abduction of humerus above horizontal
  • Retraction and depression of scapula
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9
Q

Trapezius:
Innervation

A

Spinal accessory nerve

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10
Q

Latissimus dorsi:
Origin and insertion

A

Origin: superior processes of lower 6 thoracic vertebrae and associated interspinous ligaments, and lower 3-4 ribs

Insertion: floor of intertubercular sulcus

*Via thoracolumbar fascia to the spinous processes of the lumbar vertebrae, related interspinous ligaments, and iliac crest

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11
Q

Latissimus dorsi:
Function

A

Adduction, medial rotation, and extension of arm at GH joint

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12
Q

Latissimus dorsi:
Innervation

A

Thoracodorsal nerve

Latissimus DORSI = thoracoDORSAL nerve

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13
Q

Serratus anterior:
Origin and insertion

A

Origin: lateral surfaces of ribs 1-8/9 and deep fascia overlying related intercostal spaces

Insertion: costal surface of medial border of scapula

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14
Q

Serratus anterior:
Function

A
  • Protraction and rotation of scapula
  • Keeps medial border of inferior angle of scapula opposed to thoracic wall
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15
Q

Serratus anterior: Innervation

A

Long thoracic nerve

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16
Q

Sternoclavicular joint:
Type

A

Synovial saddle-shaped joint

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17
Q

Sternoclavicular joint:
Articulations

A
  • Proximal end of clavicle
  • Manubrium
  • First costal cartilage
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18
Q

Sternoclavicular joint:
Stabilising factors

A
  • Joint capsule
  • Anterior and posterior sternoclavicular ligaments
  • Interclavicular ligament
  • Costoclavicular ligament
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19
Q

Acromioclavicular joint:
Type

A

Plane type synovial joint

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20
Q

Acromioclavicular joint:
Articulations

A
  • Lateral end of clavicle
  • Acromion
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21
Q

Acromioclavicular joint:
Stabilising factors

A
  • Acromioclavicular ligament
  • Coracoclavicular ligaments
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22
Q

ACJ dislocation:
Mechanisms of injury

A
  • Direct blow
  • Fall onto shoulder
  • FOOSH

Acromion is forced inferiorly and medially with respect to clavicle

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23
Q

Axillary lymph nodes:
Location and site of drainage

A

Location: laterally and superiorly to breast

Site of drainage: into subclavian trunks

Make up 75%

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24
Q

Medial parasternal lymph nodes:
Location and site of drainage

A

Location: deep to anterior thoracic wall associated with anterior thoracic artery

Site of drainage: bronchomediastinal trunks

20%
Aka. internal mammary nodes

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25
Posterior intercostal lymph nodes: Location and site of drainage
Location: near heads and necks of ribs Site of drainage: thoracic duct or bronchomediastinal trunk ## Footnote 5%
26
Chest drain landmarks
Anteriorly: lateral edge of pec. major Superiorly: base of axilla Laterally: anterior edge of latissimus dorsi Inferiorly: 5th intercostal space
27
Humeral circumflex artery: Origin and location
Origin: arises from axillary artery Location: encircles surgical neck of humerus
28
Brachial plexus: Roots turn into...
Trunks: - Superior trunk (C5 + C6) - Middle trunk (C7) - Inferior trunk (C8 + T1)
29
Brachial plexus: Trunks turn into...
Divisions: Each trunk divides into anterior and posterior division
30
Brachial plexus: Divisions turn into...
Cords: - Lateral cord (anterior divisions of superior + middle trunk) - Medial cord (continuation of anterior division of inferior trunk) - Posterior cord (posterior divisions of all 3 trunks)
31
Brachial plexus: Major branches of brachial plexus
- Musculocutaneous - Axilla - Radial - Median - Ulnar
32
Brachial plexus: Musculocutaneous nerve arises from...
Lateral cord
33
Brachial plexus: Axillary nerve arises from...
Posterior cord
34
Brachial plexus: Radial nerve arises from...
Posterior cord
35
Brachial plexus: Median nerve arises from...
Medial + Lateral cords
36
Brachial plexus: Ulnar nerve arises from...
Medial cord
37
Axillary nerve: Sensory supply
Regimental badge area on lateral arm, via superior cutaneous nerve of arm
37
Axillary nerve: Motor supply
- Deltoid - Teres minor
38
Deltoid: Function and innervation
Function: major shoulder abductor Innervation: axillary nerve
39
Teres major: Origin and insertion
Origin: posterior surface of inferior angle of scapula Insertion: medial lip of intertubercular sulcus on humerus
40
Teres major: Function and innervation
Function: medial rotation and extension of arm at GH joint Innervation: lower subscapular nerves ## Footnote Origin = bottom of scapula Nerve = 'bottom of scapula' nerve
41
Rotator cuff: muscles
- Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Teres minor - Subscapularis
42
Supraspinatus: Function and test
Function: initiation of shoulder abduction to 15º Test: 'empty can' test
43
Supraspinatus: innervation
Suprascapular nerve ## Footnote Location: on top of scapula Nerve: 'on top of scapula' nerve
44
Infraspinatus: Function and test
Function: lateral rotation of arm at GH joint* Test: lateral rotation against resistance | *with teres minor
45
Infraspinatus: innervation
Suprascapular nerve
46
Teres minor: Function and test
Function: lateral rotation of arm at GH joint Test: Hornblower's test | *with infraspinatus
47
Teres minor: innervation
Axillary nerve
48
Subscapularis: Origin and insertion
Origin: medial two-thirds of subscapular fossa Insertion: lesser tubercle of humerus
49
Subscapularis: Function and test
Function: internal rotation of arm at GH joint Test: 'lift-off' test
50
Subscapularis: Innervation
Upper and lower subscapular nerves ## Footnote **Subscapular**is = **subscapular** nerves
51
Rotator cuff: Most commonly injured muscle and why
Supraspinatus - Passes between acromion and acromioclavicular ligament (fixed space) - Any muscle swelling, bursal fluid++, or bony spurs cause impingement with abduction
52
Shoulder joint: Type
Synovial ball and socket joint
53
Shoulder joint: Articulations
- Head of humerus - Glenoid cavity of scapula
54
Shoulder joint: Stabilisation
- Rotator cuff muscle tendons - Long head of biceps brachii tendon - Coracoacromial arch/ligament - Extracapsular ligaments ## Footnote Extracapsular ligaments = GH, coracohumeral, and transverse humeral
55
Transverse humeral ligament: Location and function
Location: between greater and lesser tubercles of humerus, bridging over tubercular sulcus Function: holds synovial sheath and biceps brachii tendon in place
56
Coracohumeral ligament: Location and function
Location: passes between base of coracoid process and greater tubercle of humerus Function: strengthens capsule superiorly
57
Glenohumeral ligament: Location and function
Location: passes from superomedial margin of glenoid cavity to lesser tubercle of humerus Function: reinforces capsule anteriorly
58
Coracoacromial arch: Location and function
Location: acromion, coracoid, and the ligament between them Function: prevents superior displacement of humerus
59
Rotator cuff: Formed from and function
Musculotendinous collar formed from rotator cuff tendons blending with joint capsule Function: prevents superior displacement of humerus
60
Biceps brachii tendon: Location and function in shoulder
Location: passes superiorly through GH joint Function: restricts upward movement of humeral head
61
Shoulder joint: Muscles involved in **flexion**
- Pectoralis major - Deltoid - Biceps brachii - Coracobrachialis
62
Shoulder joint: Muscles involved in **extension**
- Deltoid - Latissimus dorsi - Teres major - Triceps brachii
63
Shoulder joint: Muscles involved in **abduction**
- Deltoid - Supraspinatus
64
Shoulder joint: Muscles involved in **adduction**
- Pectoralis major - Latissimus dorsi - Triceps brachii
65
Shoulder joint: Muscles involved in **medial rotation**
- Subscapular - Pectoralis major - Latissimus dorsi - Teres major
66
Shoulder joint: Muscles involved in **lateral rotation**
- Infraspinatus - Teres minor
67
Shoulder joint dislocation: Complications
- Axillary nerve damage - Brachial plexus injury - Bankart lesion - Hill-Sachs lesion - Rotator cuff damage - Shoulder joint instability
68
Coracobrachialis: Function and innervation
Function: arm flexion Innervation: musculocutaneous n.
69
Biceps brachii: Function and innervation
Function: - flexion and supination of forearm (1º) - flexion of arm (2º) Innervation: musculocutaneous
70
Brachialis: Function and innervation
Function: forearm flexion Innervation: musculocutaneous | Very small contribution from radial n. to lateral part of muscle
71
Brachial artery: Anatomical course
- Continuation of axillary artery - Begins at lower border of teres major in medial arm - Moves laterally to middle of humeral epicondyles - Crosses ACF medial to biceps brachii tendon
72
Brachial artery: Branches
- Profunda brachii - Muscular branches - Nutrient branches - Ulnar collateral - Terminal radial and ulnar arteries
73
Median nerve: Motor supply
- All muscles of anterior forearm (*except* FCU and lateral half of FDP) - Thenar muscles - Lateral two lumbricals
74
Median nerve: Sensory supply
- Lateral aspect of palm and palmar surface - Fingertips of lateral 3.5 digits
75
Median nerve: Branches and their origins
Median nerve (axilla) - Anterior interosseus n. (forearm) - Palmar cutaneous n. (forearm) - Recurrent branch of median n. (hand) - Palmar digital branch (hand)
76
Median nerve branches: Median nerve branch supplies...
Superficial and intermediate compartment of anterior forearm (except FCU)
77
Median nerve branches: Anterior interosseus nerve supplies...
Deep compartment of anterior forearm (except medial half of FDP)
78
Median nerve branches: Palmar cutaneous nerve supplies...
Skin over lateral aspect of palm
79
Median nerve branches: Recurrent branch of median nerve supplies...
Thenar muscles
80
Median nerve branches: Palmar digital branch supplies...
- Lateral two lumbricals - Skin over palmar surface and fingertips of lateral 3.5 digits
81
Ulnar nerve: Motor supply
- All intrinsic muscles of hand* - FCU - Medial half of FDP ## Footnote *except thenar and lateral two lumbricals
82
Ulnar nerve: Sensory supply
- Medial half of palm - Palmar and dorsal surfaces of medial 1.5 digits - Medial dorsum of hand
83
Ulnar nerve: Branches and their origins
Ulnar nerve (axilla) - Muscular branch (forearm) - Dorsal cutaneous branch (forearm) - Palmar cutaneous branch (forearm) - Deep branch (hand) - Superficial branch (hand)
84
Ulnar nerve branches: Muscular branch supplies...
- FCU - Medial half of FDP
85
Ulnar nerve branches: Dorsal cutaneous nerve supplies...
Skin of dorsum of medial 1.5 digits and associated dorsal hand area
86
Ulnar nerve branches: Palmar cutaneous branch supplies...
Skin of medial half of palm
87
Ulnar nerve branches: Deep branch supplies...
- Hypothenar muscles - Medial two lumbricals - Adductor pollicis - Interossei
88
Ulnar nerve branches: Superficial branch supplies...
Skin of palmar surface of medial 1.5 fingers, via palmar digital branches
89
Musculocutaneous nerve: Motor supply
Anterior compartment of arm | Coracobrachialis, biceps brachii, brachialis
90
Musculocutaneous nerve: Sensory supply
Lateral forearm | Via lateral cutaneous nerve
91
Supratrochlear lymph nodes: Location and drainage
Location: adjacent to medial epicondyle, medial to cephalic vein Drainage: drains ulnar side of forearm and medial hand
92
Infraclavicular (deltopectoral) lymph nodes: Location and drainage
Location: within deltopectoral groove, inferior to clavicle and superior and posterior to axillary artery Drainage: drains radial side of upper limb ## Footnote Lymphadenopathy HIGHLY suspicious for malignancy, especially NHL
93
Triceps brachii: Function and innervation
Function: - extension of forearm (1º) - extension and adduction of arm at GH joint Innervation: radial nerve
94
Radial nerve: Motor supply
- Triceps brachii - All muscles within posterior compartment of forearm
95
Radial nerve: Sensory supply
- Lower lateral arm - Posterior arm & forearm - Dorsum of hand & lateral 3.5 digits
96
Radial nerve: Branches and their origins
Radial nerve (axilla) - Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm (axilla) - Interior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm (arm) - Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm (arm) - Deep branch / posterior interosseus nerve (forearm) - Superficial branch (forearm)
97
Radial nerve branches: Radial nerve supplies...
- Triceps brachii - ECRL - Brachioradialis
98
Radial nerve branches: Posterior cutaneous nerve of the arm supplies...
Skin over posterior arm
99
Radial nerve branches: Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of the arm supplies...
Skin over lateral aspect of lower arm
100
Radial nerve branches: Posterior cutaneous nerve of the forearm supplies...
Strip of skin down middle of posterior forearm
101
Radial nerve branches: Deep branch supplies...
Muscles of posterior compartment of forearm
102
Radial nerve branches: Superficial branch supplies...
Skin of dorsum of hand and lateral 3.5 digits
103
Elbow joint: Type
Synovial hinge joint
104
Elbow joint: Articulations
- Trochlea of humerus with trochlear notch of ulna - Capitulum of humerus with head of radius
105
Elbow joint: Stabilisation
- Joint capsule - Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments ## Footnote Ulnar collateral: medial epicondyle to olecranon and coronoid process Radial collateral: lateral epicondyle to radius and annular ligament
106
Anterior forearm: Muscles of the superficial compartmentand topography
- Pronator teres - FCR - Palmaris longus - FCU All originate from medial epicondyle ## Footnote Remember: four fingers over forearm, originating from medial epicondyle, with PT being index and FCU being little finger
107
Anterior forearm: Muscle of the intermediate compartment and topography
Muscle: FDS Topography: - humeral-ulnar head originates at medial epicondyle - radial head originates in mid-shaft of radius - interosseus membrane spans the two
108
Anterior forearm: Muscles of the deep compartment
- FDP - FPL - Pronator quadratus
109
Pronator teres: Function
Pronation of forearm
110
Flexor carpi radialis: Distal attachment
Base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
111
Flexor carpi radialis: Function
Flexion and abduction of wrist ## Footnote Flexor = flexion Carpi = wrist Radialis = deviate towards the radius (abduct)
112
Palmaris longus: Function
Flexion of wrist
113
Flexor carpi ulnaris: Distal attachment
- Pisiform - Hook of hamate - 5th metacarpal
114
Flexor carpi ulnaris: Function
Flexion and adduction of wrist ## Footnote Flexor = flexion Carpi = wrist Ulnaris = deviate towards ulna (adduct)
115
Flexor digitorum superficialis: Distal attachment
Middle phalanges of all four digits
116
Flexor digitorum superficialis: Function
- Flexion of MCPJs and PIPJs of four digits - Flexion of wrist ## Footnote Flexor = flexion *Digit*orum = digits
117
Flexor digitorum profundus: Distal attachment
Distal phalanges of all four digits
118
Flexor digitorum profundus: Function
- Flexion of MCPJs and DIPJs of four digits - Flexion of wrist
119
Flexor pollicis longus: Distal attachment
Base of distal phalanx of thumb
120
Flexor pollicis longus: Function
Flexion of MCPJ and IPJ of thumb ## Footnote Flexor = flexion Pollicis = thumb
121
Pronator quadratus: Function
Pronation of forearm
122
Proximal and distal radioulnar joints: Type and movements
Type: synovial pivots Movements: pronation and supination
123
Proximal radioulnar joint: Articulations
Head of radius with radial notch of ulna
124
Proximal radioulnar joint: Stabilisation
Annular ligament - Strong fibrous band encircling radial head, adhering to radial notch of ulna
125
Distal radioulnar joint: Articulations
Head of ulna with ulnar notch of radius
126
Posterior forearm: Muscles of the superficial compartment of the posterior forearm
- Brachioradialis - ECRL - ECRB - Extensor digitorum - EDM - Anconeus - ECU
127
Posterior forearm: Muscles of the deep compartment of the posterior forearm
- Supinator - APL - EPB - EPL - Extensor indicis
128
Brachioradialis: Function
Flexion of elbow
129
Extensor carpi radialis longus: Distal attachment
Dorsal surface of base of 2nd metacarpal
130
Extensor carpi radialis longus: Function
Extension and abduction of wrist
131
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Distal attachments
Dorsal surface of base of 2nd and 3rd metacarpal
132
Extensor carpi radialis brevis: Function
Extension and abduction of wrist
133
Extensor digitorum: Distal attachment
Dorsal aspects of bases of middle and distal phalanges of four digits, via extensor hoods
134
Extensor digitorum: Function
- Extension of four digits - Extension of wrist
135
Extensor digiti minimi: Distal attachment
Extensor hood of little finger
136
Extensor digiti minimi: Function
Extension of little finger
137
Anconeus: Function
Extension of forearm at elbow
138
Extensor carpi ulnaris: Distal attachment
Tubercle on base of 5th metacarpal
139
Extensor carpi ulnaris: Function
Extension and adduction of wrist
140
Supinator: Function
Supination of forearm
141
Abductor pollicis longus: Distal attachment
Lateral side of base of 1st metacarpal
142
Abductor pollicis longus: Function
Abduction and extension of thumb
143
Extensor pollicis brevis: Distal attachment
Dorsal surface of base of proximal phalanx of thumb
144
Extensor pollicis brevis: Function
Extension of thumb at CMCJ and MCPJ
145
Extensor pollicis longus: Distal attachment
Dorsal surface of base of distal phalanx of thumb
146
Extensor pollicis longus: Function
Extension of thumb at CMCJ, MCPJ, and IPJ
147
Extensor indicis: Distal attachment
Extensor hood of index finger
148
Extensor indicis: Function
Extension of index finger
149
Anatomical snuffbox: Boundaries and contents
Medial: EPL tendon Lateral: APL & EPB tendons Proximal: radial styloid process Distal: 1st metacarpal Floor: scaphoid & trapezium Contents: radial artery, cephalic vein, terminal portion of superficial branch of radial n.
150
Extensor retinaculum: Attachments
Laterally: anterolateral radius above styloid process Medially: pisiform and triquetral bones | Does **not** attach to ulna
151
Extensor retinaculum: Contents (laterally to medially)
Contained within 6 individual compartments lined by synovial sheaths: 1. EPB + APL (thumb) 2. ECRL + ECRB (radius) 3. EPL (thumb) 4. ED + EI (index and digits) 5. EDM (little finger) 6. ECU (ulna)
152
Wrist joint: Type
Synovial condyloid joint
153
Wrist joint: Articulations
Distal end of radius to articulate disc with scaphoid, lunate, and triquetrum
154
Wrist joint: Stabilising factors
- Joint capsule - Palmar radoiocarpal, palmar ulnocarpal, and dorsal radoiocarpal ligaments - Radial and ulnar collateral ligaments
155
Wrist joint: Muscles and nerves involved in **flexion**
- FCR (m) - FCU (u) - FDP (m+l) - FDS (m) - PL (m) ## Footnote All the 'flexor', plus PL
156
Wrist joint: Muscles and nerves involved in **extension**
- ECRL - ECRB - ECU - ED All radially innervated ## Footnote All 'extensor'
157
Wrist joint: Muscles and nerves involved in **abduction**
- FCR (m) - ECRL (r) - ECRB (r) ## Footnote All 'radialis'
158
Wrist joint: Muscles and nerves involved in **adduction**
- FCU (u) - ECU (r) ## Footnote All 'ulnaris'
159
Palmar aponeurosis: What is it?
Thickened area of palmar fascia - Continuous proximally with PL tendon and flexor retinaculum - Fans out distally to become digital sheaths
160
Flexor retinaculum: Function and attachments
Function: - Holds flexor tendons in place and prevents bowstringing - Origin for thenar and hypothenar muscles Attaches: - Medially to pisiform and hook of hamate - Laterally to scaphoid and trapezium
161
Flexor retinaculum: Relationss
Anteriorly (outside carpal tunnel): ulnar artery, ulnar nerve, and PL tendon Laterally: FCR tendon Posteriorly (inside tunnel): 4 FDP tendons, 4 FDS tendons, FPL tendon, median n.
162
Flexor sheaths: Significance of infection
- Infection in middle 3 digits is contained due to isolated sheaths - Little finger sheath continuous with common flexor sheath (ulnar bursa), so may spread to midpalmar space - Thumb sheath continuous with FPL sheath (radial bursa), so spreads to midpalmar space
163
Carpal tunnel: Boundaries
Roof: flexor retinaculum Medially: pisiform and hook of hamate Laterally: scaphoid and trapezium tubercles
164
Carpal tunnel: Contents
- 4 tendons of FDP (deepest) - 4 tendons of FDL - FPL tendon (laterally) - median nerve (anterior)
165
Thenar eminence: Muscles and innervation
- Opponens pollicis - Abductor PB - FPB All innervated by median n. | Adductor PB is NOT part of thenar group
166
Opponens pollicis: Function
Medially rotates (opposes) thumb
167
Abductor pollicis brevis: Function
Abducts thumb at MCPJ
168
Flexor pollicis brevis: Function
Flexes thumb at MCPJ
169
Hypothenar eminence: Muscles and innervation
- ODM - Abductor DM - FDM All innervated by ulnar nerve
170
Opponens digiti minimi: Function
Laterally rotates little finger
171
Abductor digiti minimi: Function
Abducts little finger at MCPJ
172
Flexor digiti minimi: Function
Flexes little finger at MCPJ
173
Superficial palmar arch: Derivation and location
Derivation: ulnar artery, which communicates laterally with palmar branch of radial a. Lies superficially to long flexor tendons, and deep to palmar aponeurosis In line with distal border of extended thumb (mid-palm)
174
Superficial palmar arch: Supplies
Medial 3.5 fingers and respective palm, via proper and common palmar digital arteries
175
Deep palmar arch: Derivation and location
Derivation: radial artery, which communicates medially with palmar branch of ulnar a. Lies between metacarpal bones and long flexor tendons ~1cm proximal to superficial palmar arch
176
Deep palmar arch: Supplies
Lateral 1.5 digits and respective palm, via radial artery of index finger and princeps pollicis artery
177
Lumbrical muscles: Origin and insertion
Origin: FDP tendons in palm Insertion: extensor hoods of medial four fingers
178
Lumbrical muscles: Function
- Flex fingers at MCPJs - Extend fingers at IPJs
179
Lumbrical muscles: Innervation
Medial two: ulnar Lateral two: median
180
Dorsal interossei muscles: Origin and insertion
Origin: metacarpal bones (lie between them) Insertion: extensor hoods and proximal phalanges of **index**, **middle**, and **ring** fingers
181
Dorsal interossei muscles: Function
Abduct index, middle, and ring fingers at MCPJs
182
Palmar interossei muscles: Origin and insertion
Origin: metacarpal bones (lie between them) Insertion: extensor hoods of **index**, **ring**, and **little** fingers
183
Palmar interossei muscles: Function
Adduct index, ring, and little fingers
184
Extensor hoods: Formation
Tendons of ED + EPL pass onto dorsal aspect of digits and expand over proximal phalanges to form extensor hood
185
Terminal extensor tendon: Attachment, movement lost and deformity in injury
Attachment: distal phalanx Movement lost: extension at DIPJ Deformity: Mallet finger
186
Central slip of extensor tendon: Attachment, movements lost and deformity in injury
Attachment: middle phalanx Movements lost: extension at PIPJ and flexion at DIPJ Deformity: Boutonniere
187
Upper limb dermatomes
C2 - occipital protuberance C3 - supraclavicular fossa C4 - ACJ C5 - lateral ACF C6 - thumb C7 - middle finger C8 - little finger T1 - medial ACF T2 - axilla apex
188
Lateral supraclavicular nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: cervical plexus (C3, C4) Supply: upper half of deltoid
189
Superior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm: Origin and supply
Origin: axillary nerve Supply: lower half of deltoid
190
Inferior lateral cutaneous nerve of arm: Origin and supply
Origin: radial nerve Supply: lateral arm below deltoid
191
Medial cutaneous nerve of arm: Origin and supply
Origin: brachial plexus (C8, T1) Supply: medial arm
192
Intercostobrachial nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: second intercostal nerve (T2) Supply: axilla
193
Posterior cutaneous nerve of arm: Origin and supply
Origin: radial nerve Supply: posterior arm
194
Medial cutaneous nerve of forearm: Origin and supply
Origin: brachial plexus (C8, T1) Supply: medial forearm
195
Posterior cutaneous nerve of forearm: Origin and supply
Origin: radial nerve Supply: posterior forearm
196
Lateral cutaneous nerve of forearm: Origin and supply
Origin: musculocutaneous nerve Supply: lateral forearm
197
Superficial branch of radial nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: radial nerve Supply: lateral dorsum of hand & 3.5 fingers
198
Palmar cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: ulnar nerve Supply: medial half of palm
199
Dorsal cutaneous branch of ulnar nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: ulnar nerve Supply: medial dorsum of hand & 1.5 fingers
200
Superficial branch of ulnar nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: ulnar nerve Supply: palmar surface of medial 1.5 digits
201
Palmar cutaneous branch of median nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: median nerve Supply: lateral half of palm
202
Palmar digital branch of medial nerve: Origin and supply
Origin: median nerve Supply: palmar surface & fingertips of lateral 3.5 fingers
203
Upper limb myotomes: Most strongly associated movement
C5 - elbow flexion C6 - wrist extension C7 - elbow extension C8 - finger flexion T1 - finger abduction
204
Upper limb reflexes: Roots and muscles
Biceps: C5-6, biceps brachii Supinator: C6-7, brachioradialis Triceps: C7-C8, triceps brachii
205
Erb's palsy: MOI, affected nerve roots and nerves
MOI: excessive increase in angle between neck and shoulder Nerve roots: C5, C6 Nerves: - Suprascapular - Subclavian - Musculocutaneous - Axillary
206
Erb's palsy: Muscles affected
- Supraspinatus - Infraspinatus - Subclavius - Biceps brachii - Brachialis - Coracobrachialis - Deltoid - Teres minor
207
Erb's palsy: Motor loss
- Abduction, flexion, and lateral rotation of arm - Flexion and supination of forearm
208
Erb's palsy: Sensory loss
Lateral arm
209
Klumpke's palsy: MOI, affected nerve roots and nerves
MOI: sudden excessive abduction Nerve roots: C8, T1 Nerves: ulnar and median nerves
210
Klumpke's palsy: Muscles affected and motor loss
Muscles: all small muscles of hand Motor loss: intrinsic hand movements
211
Klumpke's palsy: Sensory loss
Medial arm

MRCEM primary (1 decks)

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