Anatomy 2 Flashcards
(65 cards)
What is the capacity of the bladder?
Mean: 220 cc, Max: 500 cc
What shape is the empty vs full bladder?
Empty = 4-sided pyramid; Full = spherical
What are the 4 angles of the bladder?
Apex, Neck, and 2 postero-superior angles (ureters enter here)
What structure is attached to the apex of the bladder?
Median umbilical ligament (obliterated urachus)
What lies at the neck of the bladder in males?
Prostate gland
What lies behind the bladder in females?
Vagina
What is the trigone?
Smooth triangle between 2 ureteric orifices and the internal urethral orifice
What is the uvula of the bladder?
A small bump caused by the median lobe of the prostate
Name the 4 ligaments of the bladder.
- Median umbilical ligament
- Lateral true ligament
- Posterior ligament
- Pubo-prostatic (or pubo-vesical in females)
Arterial supply of the bladder?
Superior and inferior vesical arteries
Nerve supply of the bladder?
• Sympathetic: T11–L2 (inhibits bladder wall)
• Parasympathetic: S2–S4 (stimulates bladder wall)
How long is a ureter?
25–30 cm
Where do ureters begin and end?
From renal pelvis (L1) to postero-superior angles of bladder
What are the 3 constriction points of the ureter?
- Ureteropelvic junction
- Pelvic brim
- Entrance into bladder wall (intramural)
Segmental blood supply of ureters comes from?
A – Abdominal aorta
R – Renal artery
T – Testicular/ovarian artery
C – Common iliac
I – Inferior vesical
What are ureteric calculi?
Kidney stones that cause pain and obstruction in ureter
Where do calculi often get stuck?
At the 3 normal constrictions
Length and shape of male urethra?
20 cm, S-shaped
What are the 4 parts of male urethra?
- Preprostatic
- Prostatic
- Membranous
- Spongy (penile)
What is the narrowest part of the male urethra?
Membranous urethra
What structure opens into the prostatic urethra?
• Prostatic utricle (middle)
• Ejaculatory ducts (sides)
• Prostatic gland ducts (sinuses)
What are the 2 urethral sphincters?
- Internal sphincter (involuntary)
- External sphincter (voluntary)
Function of external sphincter?
Closes urethra, but contracts at end of urination to expel last drops
Length of female urethra?
~4 cm