anatomy 2 -Digestive tract histology-Abdominal aorta and branches-GI blood supply and innervation-Celiac trunk Flashcards
(42 cards)
What type of epithelial cells normally line the esophagus?
Nonkeratinized stratified squamous epithelium
A man with celiac disease has loss of villi and microvilli on small intestinal biopsy. Which part of the small intestine is most affected?
The duodenum (villi and microvilli increase the surface area of the epithelium to maximize absorption)
What submucosal structure is unique to the duodenum?
Brunner glands
Which epithelial glands are found throughout the small intestine?
Crypts of Lieberkühn
Goblet cells are most highly concentrated in this area of the small intestine.
Ileum
Gastric glands are found in this part of the digestive tract.
Stomach
Which immunologic structures are unique to the ileum?
Peyer patches
A patient has a bowel biopsy, which later reveals crypts of Lieberkühn but no villi. Which segment was biopsied?
Colon (crypts of Lieberkühn are also present throughout the small intestine, which also contains villi)
What two segments of the small intestine have plicae circulares?
Jejunum and ileum
A patient with Crohn disease has destruction of his ileal lamina propria and submucosa. What structures are affected by this?
His Peyer patches
Which branch of the aorta comes off at the level of L1?
The superior mesenteric artery
The paired arteries feeding the gonads originate from the abdominal aorta at which level?
Below L1
A patient with abdominal aortic dissection has a new abdominal bruit. What level of the aorta has the dissection possibly reached?
L1 level (an abdominal bruit is concerning for renal artery involvement)
At what level does the abdominal aorta bifurcate?
L4 (bifourcation of abdominal aorta)
Which three arteries does the aorta become after the bifurcation?
Left and right common iliac arteries, median sacral artery
Arteries supplying GI structures branch ____(anteriorly/laterally) from aorta, whereas other arteries branch ____ (anteriorly/laterally).
Anteriorly, laterally
A woman presents with a transverse portion of her duodenum entrapped between the SMA and aorta. What type of intestinal obstruction is this?
Superior mesenteric artery (SMA) syndrome
A vascular surgeon accidentally cuts into a branch of the aorta originating at the T12 level. Name an artery that may be compromised.
The left inferior phrenic artery (the surgeon has cut into the celiac trunk)
The common iliac arteries further bifurcate into which two major arteries?
The internal and external iliac arteries
A patient undergoes surgery for an L3 abdominal aortic aneurysm. Blood supply to which organ system is most at risk?
The intestines (the inferior mesenteric artery, originating at the L3 level, may be compromised by the surgery)
An 80-year-old has a colonoscopy revealing necrotic mucosa at the splenic flexure. Which arteries branching from the aorta supply this area?
The superior and inferior mesenteric arteries (the splenic flexure is the watershed area between them)
What are the three embryologic divisions of the gastrointestinal tract?
The foregut, midgut, and hindgut
A man with severe abdominal pain has an exploratory laparotomy revealing necrosis of foregut structures. Which artery was likely affected?
The celiac artery
A man presents with severe abdominal pain. Exploratory laparotomy shows necrosis of midgut structures. Which artery was likely compromised?
The superior mesenteric artery
