Anatomy 2 - GI tract

Question 1

which ligament separates the right and left lobes of the liver?

Answer 1

falciform ligament

Question 2

what area of the abdomen is the stomach found in?

Answer 2

left upper quadrant

Question 3

where does the greater omentum originate and where does it extend too?

Answer 3

originates at the lower border of the stomach and extends to the transverse colon

Question 4

where does the lesser omentum attach on the stomach?

Answer 4

lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 5

where does the greater omentum attach on the stomach?

Answer 5

greater curvature

Question 6

what is the opening called from the oesophagus to the stomach?

Answer 6

cardiac orifice

Question 7

what area of the stomach has a thicker circular muscle wall?

Answer 7

the pyloric region (pyloric sphincter)

Question 8

where does the small intestine start and end

Answer 8

starts at the pylorus of stomach and extends to the ileocaecal valve

Question 9

where is the root of the fan shaped mesentery on the small intestine?

Answer 9

runs from the duodenal jejunal flexure to the ileocaecal junction

Question 10

what level does the ascending turn ventrally to the duodenal jejunal flexure?

Answer 10

L2

Question 11

where does the large intestine start and end?

Answer 11

starts at the ileocaecal joint and ends at the anus

Question 12

which flexure is between the ascending and TV colon?

Answer 12

right colic (hepatic) flexure

Question 13

which flexure is between the TV and descending colon?

Answer 13

left colic (splenic) flexure

Question 14

which parts of the large intestine are retroperitoneal?

Answer 14

ascending and descending

Question 15

which parts of the large intestine are intraperitoneal?

Answer 15

transverse and signmoid

Question 16

what do the haustra of the large intestine do and what does an absence of these cause?

Answer 16

haustra responsible for slow segmenting contractions every 25 mins and are lost in ulcerative colitis

Question 17

what do the taniea coli produce when contracted?

Answer 17

haustra

Question 18

what area of the large intestine are epiploic appendices not found?

Answer 18

in the rectum

Question 19

what level does the coeliac artery leave the aorta?

Answer 19

T12

Question 20

what are the three branches of the coeliac trunk?

Answer 20

left gastric, common hepatic and splenic arteries

Question 21

what does the splenic artery supply?

Answer 21

spleen and pancreas

Question 22

What does the common hepatic supply and what are its three branches?

Answer 22

supplies the liver and branches into hepatic artery proper, right gastric and gastroduodenal

Question 23

what level does the SMA arise from the aorta and where is it usually observed?

Answer 23

L1 and usually observed where it crosses the duodenal jejunal flexure

Question 24

what does the SMA supply

Answer 24

midgut - second half of duodenum to midpoint of TV colon

Question 25

what are the four main branches of the SMA and what do they supply?

Answer 25

jejunal/ileal - supply jejunum and ileum ileocaecal - supplies between ileum and caecum right colic - supplies ascending colon middle colic - supplies TV colon

Question 26

what level does the IMA branch from the aorta and what are its three main branches?

Answer 26

L2/L3 | branches into left colic, sigmoid and superior rectal

Question 27

what does the left colic branch of the IMA supply?

Answer 27

the descending colon

Question 28

at the joining of what two veins forms the portal vein?

Answer 28

splenic and superior mesenteric

Question 29

what are the two sources of sympathetic innervation to the GI tract?

Answer 29

sympathetic chain and prevertebral ganglia

Question 30

where are the prevertebral ganglia located and where do the nerves go after leaving the ganglia?

Answer 30

locked anterior to the abdominal aorta and go into plexuses (sup and inf hypogastric) after leaving ganglia

Question 31

what do the prevertbral ganglia target in the GI tract?

Answer 31

control of GI function such as secretion of mucus, digestive enzymes or bile production

Question 32

what do the nerves from the sympathetic chain target in the Gi tract?

Answer 32

the blood vessels only

Question 33

what is the main parasympathetic input to the foregut and midgut?

Answer 33

vagus nerve

Question 34

what is the parasympathetic input to the hindgut?

Answer 34

pelvic splanchnic nerves

Question 35

where do pelvic splanchnic nerves exit the spine?

Answer 35

S2-S4