Anatomy

Question 0

How is the scapula attached to the clavicle?

Answer 0

Acromioclavicular joint - acromion of scapula with acromial/lateral end of clavicle

Question 1

How is the scapula attached to the humerus?

Answer 1

Glenohumeral joint - head of humerus and glenoid cavity of scapula

Question 2

How does the humerus articulate with the radius?

Answer 2

Humeroradial joint - head of radius and capitulum of humerus

Question 3

How does the humerus articulate with the ulna?

Answer 3

Trochlear notch of ulna with trochlea of humerus

Question 4

List the common fracture sites of the upper limb?

Answer 4

Surgical neck of humerus
Supracondylar fracture of humerus
Clavicle 
Distal ulna and radius
Scaphoid

Question 5

Describe the proximal and distal radioulnar joints

Answer 5

Proximal = head of radius and radial notch of ulna
Distal = head of ulna and ulnar notch of radius

Question 6

What is the interosseous membrane?

Answer 6

Fibrous joint
Fibres run inferio-medially from radius to ulna
Allows distribution of force

Question 7

List the bones of the wrist

Answer 7

Scaphoid
Lunate
Triquetrum
Pisiform
Trapezium
Trapezoid
Capitate
Hamate

Question 8

How is pectoralis major innervated?

Answer 8

Lateral and medial pectoral nerves

Question 9

Which artery supplies pectoralis major?

Answer 9

thoracoacromial artery

Question 10

What is the action of pectoralis major?

Answer 10

Flexion, adduction and medial rotation of humerus

Question 11

What are the origins and insertions of pectoralis major?

Answer 11

Origins = clavicular and sternal heads
Insertion = intertubercular groove of humerus

Question 12

How is pectoralis minor innervated?

Answer 12

Medial pectoral nerve

Question 13

Which artery supplies pectoralis minor?

Answer 13

Thoracoacromial trunk

Question 14

What is the action of pectoralis minor?

Answer 14

Depresses shoulder

Question 15

What is the origin and insertion of pectoralis minor?

Answer 15

Origin = ribs 3-5
Insertion = coracoid process

Question 16

How is serratus anterior innervated?

Answer 16

Long thoracic nerve

Question 17

Which arteries supply serratus anterior?

Answer 17

Superior thoracic artery
Lateral thoracic artery
Thoracodorsal artery

Question 18

What are the actions of serratus anterior?

Answer 18

Rotates scapula to allow arm to raise above 90degrees

Protracted scapula against ribcage

Question 19

What is the origin and insertion of serratus anterior?

Answer 19

Origin = ribs 1-8
Insertion = medial border of scapula

Question 20

How is subclavius innervated?

Answer 20

Nerve to subclavius

Question 21

Which arteries supply subclavius?

Answer 21

Suprascapular artery

Clavicular branch of thoracoacromial artery

Question 22

What is the action of subclavius?

Answer 22

Depresses clavicle

Question 23

What is the origin and insertion of subclavius?

Answer 23

Origin = 1st costochondral joint
Insertion = subclavian groove on inferior surface of clavicle

Question 24

How is biceps brachii innervated?

Answer 24

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

Question 25

Which arteries supply biceps brachii?

Answer 25

Muscular branches of brachial artery

Question 26

What are the actions of biceps brachii?

Answer 26

Supinates forearm | Flexes arm at elbow (when supine)

Question 27

What are the origins of biceps brachii?

Answer 27

Short head - coracoid process of scapula | Long head - supraglenoid tubercule of scapula

Question 28

Where does biceps brachii insert?

Answer 28

Radial tuberosity | Bicipital aponeurosis

Question 29

How is brachialis innervated?

Answer 29

Musculocutaneous nerve (C5, C6)

Question 30

Which arteries supply brachialis?

Answer 30

Muscular branches of brachial artery | Recurrent radial artery

Question 31

Where does brachialis originate from?

Answer 31

Distal humerus

Question 32

Where is brachialis inserted?

Answer 32

Coronoid process | Tuberosity of ulna

Question 33

What is the action of brachialis?

Answer 33

Flexes forearm

Question 34

How is coracobrachialis innervated?

Answer 34

Musculocutaneous nerve (C6, C7)

Question 35

Which artery supplies coracobrachialis?

Answer 35

Muscular branches of brachial artery

Question 36

What is the action of coracobrachialis?

Answer 36

Flexion and adduction of arm

Question 37

Where does coracobrachialis originate from?

Answer 37

Coracoid process of scapula

Question 38

Where does coracobrachialis insert?

Answer 38

Medial humerus (at level of deltoid tuberosity)

Question 39

How is triceps brachii innervated?

Answer 39

Radial nerve (C6, C7, C8)

Question 40

Which artery supplies triceps brachii?

Answer 40

Branches of deep brachial artery

Question 41

Where does triceps brachii originate from?

Answer 41

Long head - infraglenoid tubercule Lateral head - humerus, superior to radial groove Medial head - humerus, inferior to radial groove

Question 42

Where does triceps brachii insert?

Answer 42

Olecranon process of ulna

Question 43

What is the action of triceps brachii?

Answer 43

Extension of arm at elbow

Question 44

How is anconeus innervated?

Answer 44

Radial nerve (C7, C8, T1)

Question 45

Which arteries supply anconeus?

Answer 45

Middle collateral branch of deep brachial artery | Recurrent interosseous artery

Question 46

What is the action of anconeus?

Answer 46

Extends forearm | Abducts ulna during pronation

Question 47

Where does anconeus originate from?

Answer 47

Lateral epicondyle of humerus

Question 48

Where does anconeus insert?

Answer 48

Posterior and lateral part of olecranon process

Question 49

How is trapezius innervated?

Answer 49

Accessory nerve (CN XI)

Question 50

What are the actions of trapezius?

Answer 50

Superior part - elevates scapula Middle part - retract scapula Inferior part - depresses scapula Superior and inferior act together to rotate scapula upwards, allowing abduction beyond 90degrees

Question 51

How is latissimus dorsi innervated?

Answer 51

Thoracodorsal nerve (C6,7,8)

Question 52

Where does latissimus dorsi insert?

Answer 52

Floor of inter tubercular groove of humerus

Question 53

Where does latissimus dorsi originate from?

Answer 53

Inferior 6 thoracic vertebrae Thoracocolumbar fascia Iliac crest

Question 54

What is the action of latissimus dorsi?

Answer 54

Extends, adducts and medially rotates humerus

Question 55

How is levator scapulae innervated?

Answer 55

Dorsal scapular and cervical nerves

Question 56

What is the action of levator scapulae?

Answer 56

Elevates scapula | Rotates scapula, depressing glenoid cavity

Question 57

How are the rhomboids innervated?

Answer 57

Dorsal scapular nerve

Question 58

What are the actions of the rhomboids?

Answer 58

Retract scapula | Rotate scapula, depressing glenoid cavity

Question 59

How is the deltoid muscle innervated?

Answer 59

Axillary nerve

Question 60

Where does the deltoid muscle originate from?

Answer 60

Scapula and clavicle

Question 61

Where does the deltoid muscle insert?

Answer 61

Deltoid tuberosity of humerus

Question 62

What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?

Answer 62

Anterior fibres - flex arm at shoulder Middle fibres - abduct arm 15-90 degrees Posterior fibres - extend arm at shoulder

Question 63

How is teres major innervated?

Answer 63

Lower subscapular nerve

Question 64

Where does teres major originate from?

Answer 64

Inferior angle of posterior scapula

Question 65

Where does teres major insert?

Answer 65

Inter tubercular groove of humerus

Question 66

What is the action of teres major?

Answer 66

Adduct and medially rotate arm

Question 67

Name the four rotator cuff muscles

Answer 67

Supraspinatus, infraspinatus, teres minor, subscapularis

Question 68

Where do the rotator muscles attach?

Answer 68

Originate from scapula | Insert onto humeral head to hold it in glenoid cavity

Question 69

What is the function and innervation of supraspinatus?

Answer 69

``` 0-15 degrees abduction Suprascapular nerve (C5,6) ```

Question 70

What is the function and innervation of infraspinatus?

Answer 70

``` Lateral rotation of arm Suprascapular nerve (c5,6) ```

Question 71

What is the function and innervation of teres minor?

Answer 71

Lateral rotation of arm Weak adductor Axillary nerve

Question 72

What is the function and innervation of subscapularis?

Answer 72

Medial rotation of arm | Upper and lower subscapular nerves