Anatomy 2015 Flashcards
(50 cards)
1
Q
- __________ is the ability of cells to move toward microorganisms or sites of tissue damage.
A
- Chemotaxis
2
Q
- The __________ processes lymphocytes that move to other lymphatic tissue to respond to foreign substances.
A
- Thymus
3
Q
- Receiving a vaccine exemplifies __________, __________ immunity.
A
- Active artificial
4
Q
- __________ circulation involves the transfer of blood from the heart to all parts of the body.
A
- Systemic
5
Q
- The __________ valve separates the right atrium from the right ventricle.
A
- Tricuspid (or “right atrioventricular”)
6
Q
- The tough, outermost covering of the arterial walls is called the __________.
A
- Adventitia
7
Q
- In a heartbeat, the relaxation of the ventricles is called the __________.
A
- Diastole
8
Q
- __________ is the disease that involves the weakening of heart muscle.
A
- Cardiomyopathy
9
Q
- __________ is another name for high blood pressure.
A
- Hypertension
10
Q
- The site of oxygen binding on hemoglobin is __________.
A
- Iron
11
Q
- The part of the dermis that borders the epidermis is called __________.
A
- Papillary layer (or “papillary dermis”)
12
Q
- The nail bed is pink due to the presence of __________.
A
- Capillaries
13
Q
- __________ is a skin secretion that lubricates the skin and increases its elasticity.
A
- Sebum
14
Q
- The __________ and __________ layers of the epidermis are involved in the synthesis of vitamin D.
A
- Stratum basale, stratum spinosum
15
Q
- Skin color in humans is controlled by three pigments: __________, __________, and __________.
A
- Melanin, carotene, hemoglobin
16
Q
- Substances that induce fevers are called __________.
A
- Pyrogens
17
Q
- The process of the capillary walls widening and becoming more porous is called ___________.
A
- Vasodilation
18
Q
- __________, one of the components of the inflammatory response, is the dysfunction of organs involved in inflammation.
A
- Function laesa
19
Q
- Any molecule that is identified as foreign to the body is referred to as a(n) __________.
A
- Antigen
20
Q
- The pacemaker of the heart is the __________.
A
- Sinoatrial (SA) node
21
Q
- The device that can measure and monitor the heart’s electrical activity through skin is the __________.
A
- Electrocardialgram (EKG)
22
Q
- Clonal selection involves what kind of cells?
A
- B cells and T cells (lymphocytes)
23
Q
- Arterial blood usually has a __________ pH than venous blood.
A
- Higher
24
Q
- About 55% of blood is __________.
A
- Plasma
25
26. The deficiency of melanin is called __________.
26. Albinism
26
27. The form of melanin that causes red to pink color is known as __________.
27. Pheomelanin
27
28. __________ s make up about 90% of epidermal cells.
28. Keratinocytes
28
28. __________ s make up about 90% of epidermal cells.
28. Keratinocytes
29
29. Jaundice is caused by the buildup of the pigment __________.
29. Bilirubin
30
30. Grey hair is caused by a decline in the enzyme __________.
30. Tyrosinase
31
31. Differentiate between the functions of the red pulp and the white pulp of the spleen.
31. Red pulp: blood filtration; white pulp: blood-borne antigen response
32
32. What is the purpose of lamellar corpuscles located in the skin?
32. Sensing vibration and pressure
33
33. Identify the vitamin synthesized by the skin, and name the two organs that convert it into its active form.
33. Vitamin D; liver, kidney
34
34. How is the number of epidermal dendritic cells affected by aging, and what does this cause?
34. Epidermal dendritic cells decrease with aging: reduced immune response
35
35. Identify and briefly describe the three phases of the hair growth cycle.
35. Anagen: growth; Catagen: transition, hair follicle breaks down; Telogen: resting, hair falls out
36
36. Identify and briefly describe a general type of contact dermatitis.
36. Irritant: contact with acidic or alkaline substance, looks like a burn; OR allergic: contact with an allergen
37
37. Distinguish between nonspecific and specific defense systems.
37. Nonspecific: targets all; specific: identifies and targets certain pathogens
38
38. Identify and briefly describe the most abundant antibody class.
38. IgG: most versatile, provides majority of antibody-based immunity against invading pathogens
39
39. Distinguish between primary and secondary immunity.
39. Primary: first exposure, slower response; secondary: precedented, quicker, more antibodies produced
40
40. Distinguish between inborn and acquired immunity.
40. Inborn: inherited; acquired: through infection or through medical intervention
41
41. The blood type O.
41. Universal donor
42
42. Have fucose-containing glycan structures.
42. Blood types A, B, AB, O.
43
43. Known as the “universal donor”
43. The blood type O.
44
44. the most common
44. Blood type O.
45
45. Have N-acetylgalactosamine.
45. Blood types A, AB.
46
46. The subcutaneous layer
46. E (bottom layer of skin)
47
47. The epidermis
47. G (top layer of skin)
48
48. Directly responds to a rise in body temperature level
48. B (sweat gland)
49
49. responsible for nutrient and waste transport
49. D (blood vessels in skin)
50
50. Cells formed through mitosis in this/these layer(s)
50. E, f, g (Epidermis, dermis and subcutaneous layer)
