Anatomy Flashcards
What are some ways you could get a plexopathy related to compression, transection, radiation or ischemia?
Compression
Contact sports/Weight lifting
cervical rib
costoclavicular syndrome
Hyperabduction syndrome
Backpack paralysis
Transection
Major trauma High Force Traction
Ischemia
Vas nervorum
smoking
Radiation therapy
What are some ways you could get a plexopathy related to Inflammation, metabolic abnormalities, or neoplasm?
•Inflammation
Parsonage-Turner syndrome
Post surgical radiation therapy leading to nerve inflammation
•Metabolic abnormalities
–Diabetes
•Neoplasm
–Lung Cancer
–Breast Cancer
Commonly present with pain in shoulder or axilla
What is scalene/cervical rib syndrome?
Compression in the interscalene space caused by a cervical rib
What is costoclavicular syndrome?
Narrowing of the space between the rib and clavical which can compress the brachial plexus.
What is hyperabduction syndrome?
Compression of the bracial plexus by the pectoralis minor muscle (innervated by the medial pectoral nerve branching off the medial cord), and coracoid process, when the upper arm is raised above the head.
Can happen in surgery
or Quaterback raises arm to throw and gets is arm yanked back
What is Erb Duchenne syndrome and what does the “plus” mean in Erb Duchenne plus syndrome?
Erb Duchenne: Injury to the superior trunk of the brachial plexus at C5,6. Hand wrist movement preserved. This can happen at birth when a baby is pulled out of the womb by the arms, but is more likely the result of a prenatal insult; large weight, breech position, maternal diabetes.
The plus is when this condition results in a waiters tip palsy where the arm is internally rotated and hanging by the childs side. This is C5,6,7
If the injury is from C5-T1 arm paralysis and some sparing of finger flexion; severe damage lead to Horners syndrome.
What is a Klumpke injury? How might it present?
This is an injury to the brachial plexus-klumpke like a monkey hung from a tree.
**C8-T1-lower/inferior brachial plexus **
affects intrinsic muscles of the hand-interossei (related to ulnar nerve), flexors of the wrist and fingers; Clawhanded monkey
maybe associated with horners syndrome
What is horners syndrome?
Any condition that destroys the sympathetic trunk ascending from the thorax
Characterized by:
myosis-constricted pupil
anhidrosis-decreased sweating of forehead
ptosis-eyelid drooping
In horners the ptosis occurs with the constricted pupil (sue to loss of sympathetic response)
Ptosis with a dilated pupil is CN III
What is neuraligic amyotrophy? How is hereditary neuralgic amyotrophy inherited?
Usually called parsonage-Turner syndrome
multi-focal NOT global
Herediatary neuralgic amyotrophy is autosomal dominant and leads to recurrent brachial plexopathies especially of the upper plexus; oftern long thoracic nerve.
What is Dysmetria, and what type of syndrome is it?
Overshoot or undershoot a target when reaching for it
Posterior lobe syndrome of the cerebellum
Describe an anterior lobe syndrome of the cerebellum
Walk like you’re drunk
Flocculonodular lobe syndrome is characterized by what disorder?
Truncal ataxia, wide base and reeling from side to side
What is dysdiadochokinesia
inability to perform the rapidly alternating movement test
Posterior lobe syndrome of the cerebellum
