Anatomy

Question 1

Perineum

Answer 1

located inferior to pelvic diaphragm

Question 2

Perineal Diamond

Answer 2

Ischial tuberosities divide into 2 triangles

1. Urogenital triangle
2. anal triangle

Question 3

Central tendon of perioneal body

Answer 3

Located just anterior to anus –> very important

Question 4

Perineal membrane

Answer 4

attaches between ischiopubic rami

Question 5

Superficial perineal fascia

Answer 5

Colles’ fascia
fused campers and scarpas layers
FEMALE –> attaches to perineal membrane
MALE –> also has superficial dartos fascia layer

Question 6

Muscles of superficial perineal pouch

Answer 6

Sides of triangle –> ischiocavernosus
Base of triangle –> superficial transverse perineal muscle
Close to vagina/penis –> bulbospongiosus

Question 7

Clitoris

Answer 7

has 2 crura, a body, and gland

Question 8

Deep perineal space

Answer 8

External sphincter urethrae (spirals around urethra)
Sphincter urethrovaginalis (spirals around urethra and vagina)
Deep transverse perineal muscle

Question 9

Internal pudendal artery (female)

Answer 9

Has 4 branches

1. Inferior rectal
2. Perineal
3. Labial
4. Clitoral

Question 10

Pudendal nerve (female)

Answer 10

4 branches

1. inferior rectal
2. perineal (superficial and deep)
3. posterior labial (anterior labial is from ilioinguinal)

Question 11

Buck’s fascia

Answer 11

dense covering around shaft of penis that compresses it during an erection

Question 12

Penis erectile anatomy

Answer 12

Crus —> corposa cavernosa –> deep artery runs inside
Bulb –> corpus spongiosum
Deep dorsal vein, dorsal artery and nerve
ALL enclosed by buck’s fascia

Question 13

Pudendal nerve (male)

Answer 13

4 branches

1. inferior rectal
2. perineal
3. posterior scrotal (anterior from ilioinguinal)
4. dorsal nerve of penis

Question 14

Pudendal artery (male)

Answer 14

5 branches

1. inferior rectal
2. perineal artery
3. deep artery of penis (in corposa cavernosa)
4. dorsal artery of penis
5. posterior scrotal

Question 15

Parasympathetic stimulation of penis?

Answer 15

vasodilation of deep artery –> compression by buck’s fascia –> compresses vein –> keeps blood in penis

Question 16

Ischioanal fossa

Answer 16

filled with fat

Question 17

pelvic brim

Answer 17

inlet, divides greater (false) pelvis from lesser (true pelvis)

Question 18

Posterior sacroiliac ligaments

Answer 18

connects PSIS to sacrum

resists forward rotation of upper sacrum

Question 19

Sacrospinous ligament

Answer 19

connects ischial spine to sacrum

resists backward rotation of lower sacrum

Question 20

Sacrotuberous ligament

Answer 20

connects ischial tuberosity to sacrum

resists backward rotation of lower sacrum

Question 21

Rectovesical pouch

Answer 21

peritoneal reflection between bladder and rectum in male

- rectum comes through the pararectal fossa

Question 22

Deep inguinal ring in male

Answer 22

ductus deferens and testicular vessels travel through deep ring through canal

Question 23

Peritoneal reflections in female

Answer 23

Vesicouterine pouch –> between bladder and uterus

Rectouterine pouch –> between rectum and uterus

Question 24

Round ligament of uterus

Answer 24

travels into deep inguinal ring and through canal (remnant of gubernaculum)

Question 25

Pararectal fossa

Answer 25

formed by uterosacral ligament and peritoneal covering

Question 26

Round ligament of ovary

Answer 26

remnants of the gubernaculum --> lower pole

Question 27

Broad ligament

Answer 27

peritoneal covering, 3 parts 1. Mesometrium --> covers uterus 2. Mesovarian -> covers ovary 3. Mesosalpinx --> covers fallopian tube (uterine tube)

Question 28

Parts of the uterine tube

Answer 28

Infundibulum with fimbriae Ampulla (most common place for fertilization) Isthmus Uterine part

Question 29

Parts of uterus

Answer 29

Fundus, Body, Internal os, cervix, external os (creates vaginal fornix)

Question 30

Endopelvic fascia

Answer 30

``` major support for uterus formed by following ligaments 1. transverse cervical ligament 2. uterosacral ligament 3. pubovesical ligament ```

Question 31

Prolapse of bladder

Answer 31

result of repeated obstetrical trauma with inferior portion of bladder sagging below opening of urethra

Question 32

Sympathetic component of inferior hypogastric plexus

Answer 32

Lumbar splanchnics --> L1-4 Sacral splanchnics --> lateral horn of L1-2 --> descend - preganglionic sympathetic fibers that synapse in minute ganglia in plexus

Question 33

Parasympathetic component of inferior hypogastric plexus

Answer 33

Pelvic splanchnics --> S2-4 | - preganglionic parasympathetic fibers that pass through plexus and synapse of ganglia in pelvic organs

Question 34

Boundaries of pelvic outlet

Answer 34

1. Pubic arch 2. Ischiopubic ramus 3. Tip of coccyx 4. sacrotuberous ligaments

Question 35

Pelvic Diaphragm

Answer 35

muscles that constitute it => levator ani and coccygeous - sweep downward and medially to midline insertion from tendinous arch - supports pelvic floor and organs that pierce it - resists outward thrusts accompanying increases in intra-abdominal pressure

Question 36

Levator Ani

Answer 36

Pubococcygeus and iliococcygeus

Question 37

Puborectalis

Answer 37

puborectal sling that is tonically contracted and forms a kink in the rectum --> under parasympathetic stimulation, it relaxes and allow defacation

Question 38

Trigone

Answer 38

serves as anchor for bladder | - formed by 2 ureteric orifices and 1 urethral orifice

Question 39

Transverse Rectal Folds

Answer 39

folds of circular muscles that act as valves in rectum

Question 40

Female reproductive organs

Answer 40

Uterus --> fundus, body and cervix Body = endometrium and myometrium Cervix = internal os, external os, cervical canal Vaginal fornix --> Anterior, Posterior, Laterals

Question 41

Prostate

Answer 41

sits right on UG diaphragm | - fibromuscular organ

Question 42

Portions of male urethra

Answer 42

Prostatic --> portion that passes through prostate Membranous --> passes through sphincter urethrae Spongy --> corpora cavernosa and corpora spongiosum