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Neuroscience 380 > Anatomy > Flashcards

Anatomy Flashcards

(65 cards)

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1
Q

The 3 structures making up the brainstem are

A

midbrain, pons, medulla

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2
Q

The 2 structures that make up the forebrain are

A

diencephalon and cerebral hemispheres

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3
Q

What does the brainstem do?

A

relays information between the forebrain and spinal cord

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4
Q

What structures make up the hindbrain?

A

the brainstem and cerebllum

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5
Q

What does the cerebellum do?

A

Fine motor control, motor learning, balance, eye movements, coordinates motion

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6
Q

What does the cerebrum do?

A

Integrates sensory information and controls motor behavior

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7
Q

What does the diencephalon do?

A

Coordinates sensory information to different brain regions, manages emotion, memory, autonomic and endocrine regulation

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8
Q

What does the midbrain do?

A

Coordinates sensory systems, regulates motor control, sleep/wake cycles, arousal, and temperature

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9
Q

What does the Medulla do?

A

Major station for spinal nerve nuclei, autonomic (heart rate, blood pressure, respiration, emesis)

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10
Q

From superior to inferior what are the 4 regions of the spinal cord and how many sections are in each?

A

8 Cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral, (and 1 coccygeal)

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11
Q

What does the Frontal Lobe do?

A

Affect, decision making, reward & value, problem solving, planning, eye movements, speech production

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12
Q

What does the Parietal Lobe do?

A

Multisensory integration, sensory experience, visuo-spatial processing, motion perception

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13
Q

What does the Occipital Lobe do?

A

Visual perception, visual processing, color recognition

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14
Q

What does the Temporal Lobe do?

A

Auditory processing, speech

   recognition, visual object

   recognition, memory
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15
Q

What divides the Frontal and Parietal Lobes?

A

Central Sulcus

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16
Q

What separates the Temporal lobe from the frontal and parietal lobes?

A

lateral (Sylvian) fissure

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17
Q

What divides the parietal lobe from the occipital lobe?

A

parieto-occipital sulcus

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18
Q

What is the Optic Chiasm?

A

Crossing of visual tracks

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19
Q

What does the Mammilary Body do?

A

Recognition of Memory

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20
Q

What does the Parahippocampal gyrus do?

A

Navigation

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21
Q

What does the Inferior olive do?

A

Coordinated movement

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22
Q

What does the Cerebral peduncles do?

A

Cortico-brainstem tracks movement

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23
Q

What does the Pons do?

A
  1. Cortico-brainstem tracks main
  2. Fiber structures that connect from cerebellum to spinal cord and cerebellum to cortex.
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24
Q

What does the Medullary Pyramids do?

A

Cortico-spinal motor tracks

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25
What does the corpus callosum do?
Crossing cortical fibers between hemispheres
26
What does the Cingulate gyrus do?
Sensory emotions, emotional pain, regulates aggression
27
What does the Anterior commissure do?
Pain
28
What does the Hypothalamus do?
Hormones, food/water satiety
29
Where does the vision path cross?
Optic Chiasm
30
What does the Cerebral aqueduct do?
CSF
31
What is the Inferior colliculus?
1. Auditory Processing 2. localization of sound in space (determine location of where sound is coming from) and directing your attention to those sounds.
32
What is the dorsal thalamus?
multisensory integration
33
what is the pineal gland for?
circadian rhythm
34
what is the superior colliculus for?
1. eye movement 2. directs your gaze towards point in space. Determine where you will make your eye movements. Inside this is a map of where your eyes are and where your eyes move.
35
Where do different parts of the Spinal cord go to?
1. Cervical goes to arms 2. Lumbosacral goes to legs 3. Central part goes to gut 4. Lateral (outside) goes to limbs
36
What detects poisons in the CSF?
Tanosites
37
Describe how the spinal cord works
Fibers come in from the dorsal roots (back of SC) that carry sensory information from the body. Another set that leave throught the lateral side that carry motor information. It is NOT only this. there is a small percentage that carry motor from dorsal.
38
What are the 3 important anatomical structures in spinal cord?
Columns (vertical), Horns (base surrounding columns), Roots (fibers going to and from body)
39
Describe Laminae
a) Laminae 1-6 are dorsal, 7-12 are ventral b) Dorsal horn has sensory neurons. Ventral horn motor neurons. c) Dorsal column carries ascending sensory fibers to medulla (somatosensory). d) Lateral columns carry cortico-spinal fibers to motor neurons and interneurons. Also carry proprioceptive and descending vestibular information. e) Ventral columns carry ascending fibers for pain/temperature and descending motor fibers.
40
What are the first 6 cranial nerves?
On Old Olympus Towering Top A Fat Voluptuous German Viewed Some Hops 1. Olfactory nerve 2. Optic nerve 3. Oculomotor nerve 4. Trochlear nerve 5. Trigeminal nerve 6. Abducens nerve
41
What are the 7-12 cranial nerves?
On Old Olympus Towering Top A Fat Voluptuous German Viewed Some Hops 7. Facial nerve 8. Vestibulocochlear (auditory) nerve 9. Glossopharyngeal nerve 10. Vagus nerve 11. Spinal accessory nerve 12. Hypoglossal nerve
42
What are nuclei?
Groups of neurons with similar function
43
What are tracks (peduncles)?
Projection pathways of axons.
44
What does the Oculomotor nerve do?
Motor: eye movement, papillary constriction and accomodation, muscles of eyelid
45
What does the Trochlear nerve do?
Motor: eye movements
46
What does the Trigeminal nerve do?
Sensory and motor: Somatic sensation from face, mouth cornea; muscles for mastication
47
What does the Abducens nerve do?
Motor: eye movements (lateral movements)
48
What does the Facial nerve do?
Sensory and motor: controls muscles of facial expression, taste from tongue, salivary glands
49
What does the Vestibulocochlear nerve do?
Sensory: hearing, sense of balance
50
What does the Glossopharyngeal nerve do?
Sensory and motor: sensation from tongue and taste
51
What does the Vagus nerve do?
Sensory and motor: maintains homeostasis (HR, BP, respiration), autonomic functions of gut, sensation from larynx, muscles of vocal cords, swallowing
52
What does the Spinal Accessory nerve do?
Motor: shoulder and neck muscles
53
What does the Hypoglossal nerve do?
Movements of tongue
54
What axis is rostral - caudal
front of head to back of head similar to anterior to posterior (in front to behind) Anterior or rostral means to the front Lateral means to the side Medial means to the middle Posterior or caudal means towards the back Dorsal means on top Ventral means on the bottom
55
What plane is the coronal plane?
divides rostral to caudal
56
What is the Sagital plane?
divide left and right hemispheres
57
What does the Optic nerve do?
Vision
58
What does the Olfactory nerve do?
Sense of smell
59
Things to remember
1. Structure underlies function
60
What are the three protective layers of the brain surface
the dura mater, then the arachnoid layer, and finally the pia mater
61
What are gyrus?
A gyrus is a collection of neural elements that connect to each other and output connections to other brain regions.
62
What is a sulcus?
The gap between the gyrii
63
What is white matter vs grey matter?
White matter is axons, grey matter is cell bodies and dendrites
64
What is pre and postcentral gyrus?
precentral: primary motor cortex postcentral: primary somatosensory cortex
65
What is the fornix?
a fiber tract carring projections from the hippocampus to the mamillary bodies

Neuroscience 380 (13 decks)

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